公共建筑入口形式对室内气溶胶扩散的影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1227-1235.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.007

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

公共建筑入口形式对室内气溶胶扩散的影响研究

王薇¹^,²^,^*(), 伍君奇³

1.合肥工业大学建筑与艺术学院，安徽合肥 230601
2.徽州古村落数字化保护与传承创意安徽省重点实验室，安徽合肥 230601
3.安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院，安徽合肥 230601

收稿日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: *王薇。E-mail: vivi.gan@126.com
*王薇。E-mail: vivi.gan@126.com
作者简介:王薇（1975年生），女，教授，博士，博士研究生导师，国家一级注册建筑师，研究方向为建筑技术和人居环境。E-mail: vivi.gan@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52478016);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085ME182);徽州古村落数字化保护与传承创意安徽省重点实验室“自主创新专项”(PA2023GDSK0116);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2023g07020003)

Research on the Influence of Entrance Forms on Indoor Aerosol Dispersion in Public Buildings

WANG Wei¹^,²^,^*(), WU Junqi³

1. College of Architecture and Art, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
2. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digitalized Conservation and Innovative Revitalization of Ancient Huizhou Villages, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China

Received:2024-03-11 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2024-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气溶胶是悬浮于空气中的微小颗粒物质，对人体呼吸系统健康具有严重危害。作为室内外空气流通的关键过渡空间，公共建筑入口的不同设计形式对室内空气质量（IAQ，Indoor Air Quality）产生显著影响。通过文献综述和实地调研，选取合肥市36座公共建筑的入口设计形式进行特征提取，归纳出了平入口、有雨棚的平入口和凹入口三类典型入口形式模型；利用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法建立了空气流场和气溶胶扩散分布模型，对模型的不同精度网格展开模拟结果的网格无关性验证；并在此基础上，利用现场实测数据进行了模拟数据的对比验证；探讨了三类不同入口形式下室内气溶胶的扩散路径和分布特征。结果表明：1）室内气溶胶浓度与空气流动之间存在显著的关联性。空气流动速率越大，气溶胶浓度越低；空气流动速率越小，气溶胶浓度越高；2）转角空间或狭小空间容易形成涡流，涡流会导致空气滞留，阻碍气溶胶扩散，进而导致局部区域的气溶胶浓度增加；3）有雨棚的平入口的气溶胶进入量略小于无雨棚平入口，占比无雨棚平入口的92.8%，但其室内气溶胶残留量为23.6%，高出无雨棚平入口7.3%；4）室内气溶胶残留量占比从高到低排列为：有雨棚的平入口(23.6%)>平入口 (16.3%)>凹入口 (14.8%)，凹入口在自然通风情况下气溶胶的扩散得到了有效抑制，室内气溶胶残留量最低。建议在设计中采用凹型入口，避免采用大体量雨棚，有利于自然通风，提升建筑出入口空间的空气质量。

关键词: 公共建筑, 出入口形式, 自然通风, 气溶胶, 数值模拟, 空气质量

Abstract:

Aerosols are tiny particulate matter suspended in the air that pose a serious health hazard to the human respiratory system. As a key transition space for indoor and outdoor air circulation, different design forms of public building entrances have a significant impact on the indoor air quality (IAQ). Through a literature review and field research, the entrance design forms of 36 public buildings in Hefei City were selected for feature extraction, and three types of typical entrance models, namely flushed, projected, and recessed entrances, were summarized. The air flow field and aerosol diffusion distribution model were established using numerical simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and grid-independent validation of the simulation results was performed on a grid with different model precisions. The simulation data were compared and verified with on-site measured data, and the diffusion paths and distribution characteristics of indoor aerosols under three different types of entrance forms were explored. The results showed the following: 1) There was a significant correlation between indoor aerosol concentration and airflow. The higher the airflow rate, the lower the aerosol concentration; the smaller the airflow rate, the higher the aerosol concentration. 2) Vortices are easily formed in corner spaces or narrow spaces, and they lead to air stagnation and impede the diffusion of aerosols, and then lead to an increase in aerosol concentration in a given area. 3) The aerosol intake of the projected entrance was slightly smaller than that of the flushed entrance, accounting for 92.8% of that of the flushed entrance; however, its indoor aerosol residue was 23.6%, 7.3% higher than that of the flushed entrance. 4) The indoor aerosol residue was ranked in a descending order as follows: projected entrance (23.6%)>flushed entrance (16.3%)>recessed entrance (14.8%). The diffusion of aerosols at the recessed entrance was effectively suppressed in the case of natural ventilation, and the indoor aerosol residue was the lowest. It is recommended that a recessed entrance be used in the design and large-volume canopies be avoided to favor natural ventilation and improve the air quality of the building entrance/exit space. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the IAQ and a reference for the design of entrance ventilation in public buildings.

Key words: public buildings, entrance forms, natural ventilation, aerosols, numerical simulations, air quality

中图分类号:

王薇, 伍君奇. 公共建筑入口形式对室内气溶胶扩散的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(8): 1227-1235.

WANG Wei, WU Junqi. Research on the Influence of Entrance Forms on Indoor Aerosol Dispersion in Public Buildings[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(8): 1227-1235.

图/表 12

图1 典型建筑入口形式模型

Figure 1 Modelling of typical building entrance forms

图2 关键流体动力学区域的加密网格

Figure 2 Encrypted mesh of key hydrodynamic regions

图3 不同网格节点数下室内的空气流动速度分布

Figure 3 Air flow velocity distribution in the room with different number of grid nodes

图4 截面位置

Figure 4 Sectional position

表1 边界条件

Table 1 Boundary conditions

边界	条件
地面、壁面、天花板	无滑移壁面, 绝热
送风口	速度入口, 风速2.90 m∙s⁻¹, 295 K
出风口	压力出口
气溶胶	1-5 μm粒子

图5 实测与模拟结果对比

Figure 5 Comparison of measured and simulated results

图6 室内外空气流速分布图

Figure 6 Indoor and outdoor air flow velocity distribution in flat entrance

图7 室内外空气流动矢量图

Figure 7 Vector diagram of indoor and outdoor air flow in a flat entrance

图8 不同入口形式下室内气溶胶扩散路径

Figure 8 Indoor aerosol diffusion paths with different entrance forms

图9 不同入口形式下室内气溶胶分布特征

Figure 9 Characteristics of indoor aerosol distribution under different entrance forms

图10 三类入口形式下的气溶胶归一化占比

Figure 10 Normalised aerosol occupancy for the three types of entrance forms

图11 三类入口形式下的气溶胶出入与残留量占比

Figure 11 Aerosol entrance and residue shares for the three types of entrance forms

参考文献 31

[1]	AVERY A M, WARING M S, DECARLO P F, 2019. Human occupant contribution to secondary aerosol mass in the indoor environment[J]. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 21(8): 1301-1312.
[2]	ALLISON J R, DOWSON C, PICKERING K, et al., 2022. Local exhaust ventilation to control dental aerosols and droplets[J]. Journal of dental research, 101(4): 384-391.
[3]	ALMOHAMMED N, ALOBAID F, BREUER M, et al., 2014. A comparative study on the influence of the gas flow rate on the hydrodynamics of a gas-solid spouted fluidized bed using Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange/DEM models[J]. Powder technology, 264: 343-364.
[4]	GUO W Q, FU Y Y, JIA R, et al., 2022. Visualization of the infection risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol and surface transmission in a negative-pressure ward[J]. Environment international, 162(1): 107153.
[5]	GE Y X, ABUDUWAILI J, MA L, et al., 2016. Temporal variability and potential diffusion characteristics of dust aerosol originating from the Aral Sea basin, central Asia[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227(2): 1-12.
[6]	MARVAL J, TRONVILLE P, 2022. Ultrafine particles: A review about their health effects, presence, generation, and measurement in indoor environments[J]. Building and Environment, 216: 108992.
[7]	PRUSSIN A J, MARR L C, 2015. Sources of airborne microorganisms in the built environment[J]. Microbiome, 3(1): 1-10.
[8]	RUIZ-JIMENEZ J, OKULJAR M, SIETIO O, et al., 2021. Determination of free amino acids, saccharides, and selected microbes in biogenic atmospheric aerosols-seasonal variations, particle size distribution, chemical and microbial relations[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(11): 8775-8790.
[9]	SODIQ A, KHAN M A, NASS M, et al., 2021. Addressing COVID-19 contagion through the HVAC systems by reviewing indoor airborne nature of infectious microbes: Will an innovative air recirculation concept provide a practical solution?[J]. Environmental Research, 199: 111329.
[10]	TANG J W, NOAKES C J, NIELSEN P V, et al., 2011. Observing and quantifying airflows in the infection control of aerosol-and airborne-transmitted diseases: An overview of approaches[J]. Journal of Hospital Infection, 77(3): 213-222.
[11]	WU B, MENG K, WEI L M, et al., 2017. Seasonal fluctuations of microbial aerosol in live poultry markets and the detection of endotoxin[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8: 551. DOI PMID
[12]	ZHANG B, GUO G Y, ZHU C, et al., 2021. Transport and trajectory of cough-induced bimodal aerosol in an air-conditioned space[J]. Indoor and Built Environment, 30(9): 1546-1567.
[13]	白红杰, 闫祥洲, 王丽英, 等, 2023. 4种通风模式对猪舍空气质量和猪只健康的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学, 52(6): 73-78.
	BAI H J, YAN X Z, WANG L Y, et al., 2023. Effects of four ventilation modes on air quality and pig health in pig houses[J]. Hunan Agricultural Science, 52(6): 73-78.
[14]	陈秋瑜, 杨思燕, 刘小虎, 等, 2019. 建筑环境视野下微生物研究现状浅析[J]. 西部人居环境学刊, 34(6): 79-85.
	CHEN Q Y, YANG S Y, LIU X H, et al., 2019. An analysis of the current status of microbiological research in the perspective of built environment[J]. Journal of Western Habitat, 34(6): 79-85.
[15]	关越, 2023. 病房内致病微生物气溶胶扩散分布的数值模拟研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学: 33-46.
	GUAN Y, 2023. Numerical simulation of aerosol diffusion distribution of disease-causing microorganisms in hospital wards[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology: 33-46.
[16]	顾有林, 陈国龙, 胡以华, 等, 2022. 气溶胶沉降扩散研究进展(特邀)[J]. 红外与激光工程, 51(7): 11-21.
	GU Y L, CHEN G L, HU Y H, et al., 2022. Advances in aerosol deposition and diffusion (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 51(7): 11-21.
[17]	刘建伟, 任泽宁, 葛静芸, 等, 2023. 市政污水处理厂微生物气溶胶控制技术研究进展[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 49(12): 1-10.
	LIU J W, REN Z N, GE J Y, et al., 2023. Progress of microbial aerosol control technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 49(12): 1-10.
[18]	李强, 2021. 空调系统送风方式影响空气污染物质量浓度分布实测研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 46(3): 106-110.
	LI Q, 2021. Measurement of the distribution of air pollutant quality concentration in air-conditioning systems affected by air supply mode[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 46(3): 106-110.
[19]	李晓萍, 王雯翡, 康宁, 等, 2022. 开敞办公空间气溶胶传播的数值研究[J]. 建筑科学, 38(2): 209-216.
	LI X P, WANG W F, KANG N, et al., 2022. Numerical study of aerosol propagation in open office space[J]. Building Science, 38(2): 209-216.
[20]	栾一刚, 张力敏, 殷越, 等, 2022. 大型室内场所的通风结构优化与病毒扩散规律[J]. 环境工程, 40(12): 180-186.
	LUAN Y G, ZHANG L M, YIN Y, et al., 2022. Optimisation of ventilation structure and virus diffusion pattern in large indoor places[J]. Environmental Engineering, 40(12): 180-186.
[21]	苗露, 石硕, 2023. 电梯轿厢气溶胶颗粒弥散分布及通风方式研究[J]. 煤气与热力, 43(3): 25-31.
	MIAO L, SHI S, 2023. Study on the dispersion distribution of aerosol particles and ventilation in lift car[J]. Gas and Heat, 43(3): 25-31.
[22]	毛艳辉, 金阳丽, 王金晶, 等, 2022. 地铁车厢污染物分层稀释系统及病毒传染模型改进[J]. 科技通报, 38(2): 105-113.
	MAO Y H, JIN Y L, WANG J J, et al., 2022. Hierarchical dilution system of pollutants in underground carriages and improvement of viral transmission model[J]. Science and Technology Bulletin, 38(2): 105-113.
[23]	宋修教, 张悦, 程晓喜, 等, 2022. 平面空间划分对建筑自然通风性能影响的研究[J]. 南方建筑, 41(3): 56-63.
	SONG X J, ZHANG Y, CHENG X X, et al., 2022. Research on the influence of plan space division on the natural ventilation performance of buildings[J]. Southern Architecture, 41(3): 56-63.
[24]	吴国栋, 2021. 自然通风导向的城市公共建筑形体与空间组织设计研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学: 55-68.
	WU G D, 2021. Research on natural ventilation oriented urban public building form and spatial organisation design[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University: 55-68.
[25]	吴莉莉, 杨旭, 2008. 室内空气污染与人体健康关系研究进展[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 24(6): 551-553.
	WU L L, YANG X, 2008. Progress of research on the relationship between indoor air pollution and human health[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 24(6): 551-553.
[26]	王廷路, 付红蕾, 李彦鹏, 等, 2016. 气流组织形式对室内微生物气溶胶的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 10(6): 3084-3090.
	WANG T L, FU H L, LI Y P, et al., 2016. Influence of airflow organisation form on indoor microbial aerosols[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 10(6): 3084-3090.
[27]	熊晓洁, 钟珂, 亢燕铭, 2007. 两种送风方式下室内空气污染物的质量浓度分布特征[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 23(5): 590-596.
	XIONG X J, ZHONG K, KANG Y M, 2007. Characteristics of indoor air pollutant mass concentration distribution under two air supply methods[J]. Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23(5): 590-596.
[28]	熊鱼雅, 陈宏, 2021. 高层住宅单侧通风户型凹口位置对室内自然通风的影响研究[J]. 城市建筑, 18(14): 117-120.
	XIONG Y Y, CHEN H, 2021. Research on the influence of the location of single-side ventilation household notch on indoor natural ventilation in high-rise residential buildings[J]. Urban Architecture, 18(14): 117-120.
[29]	于学政, 韩云平, 曹英楠, 等, 2023. 人为源微生物气溶胶的分布特征及风险研究进展[J]. 微生物学通报, 50(2): 667-686.
	YU X Z, HAN Y P, CAO Y N, et al., 2023. Distribution characteristics and risk of microbial aerosols from anthropogenic sources[J]. Microbiology Bulletin, 50(2): 667-686.
[30]	战乃岩, 张帅, 高政, 等, 2019. 城市建筑布局对街区交通污染物扩散特征的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术, 42(12): 105-111.
	ZHAN N Y, ZHANG S, GAO Z, et al., 2019. Impact of urban building layout on the dispersion characteristics of pollutants in neighbourhood traffic[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(12): 105-111.
[31]	周小军, 付莹莹, 王红昌, 等, 2022. 大气气溶胶微生物群落的分子生物学检测和监测方法的研究进展[J]. 中国生物制品学杂志, 35(7): 867-873.
	ZHOU X J, FU Y Y, WANG H C, et al., 2022. Advances in molecular biology of atmospheric aerosol microbial communities and monitoring methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Products, 35(7): 867-873.

公共建筑入口形式对室内气溶胶扩散的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Entrance Forms on Indoor Aerosol Dispersion in Public Buildings

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 31

相关文章 11

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王聪聪, 张小玲, 雷雨, 黄小娟, 王婧怡, 尹黎昊, 王传扬. 基于WRF-CMAQ模型的四川盆地春季持续臭氧污染过程中PM_2.5组分解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(8): 1214-1226.
[2]	卢睿霖, 曹芳, 林煜棋, 吴长流, 章炎麟. 南京大气颗粒物化学组分的粒径分布和来源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 1079-1088.
[3]	温丽容, 林勃机, 李婷婷, 张子洋, 张正恩, 江明, 周炎, 张涛, 李军, 张干. 基于多同位素的珠三角PM_2.5中二次无机气溶胶来源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(9): 1654-1662.
[4]	王薇, 代萌萌. 基于颗粒物时空分布的街道峡谷空间形态研究——以合肥市同安街道为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(9): 1632-1643.
[5]	闫菊平, 王小萍, 龚平, 高少鹏. 尼泊尔一次源含碳气溶胶的排放特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1449-1456.
[6]	王薇, 程歆玥. 合肥市不同功能街道峡谷PM_2.5和PM₁₀时空分布特征及影响因素分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 524-534.
[7]	李颖慧, 郭前进, 闫雨龙, 胡冬梅, 邓萌杰, 彭林. 晋城市环境空气中BTEX变化特征及来源[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 504-511.
[8]	廖彤, 熊鑫, 王在华, 杨夏捷, 黄映楠, 冯嘉颖. 世界三大湾区大气污染治理经验及对粤港澳大湾区的启示[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(11): 2242-2250.
[9]	王一荃, 周璋, 李意德, 陈德祥, 张涛, 杨繁. 不同热带森林空气负离子浓度评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 898-906.
[10]	白建辉. 亚热带森林BVOCs排放和其影响因子之间的相互关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 889-897.
[11]	王薇, 程歆玥, 胡春, 夏斯涵, 王甜. 城市街道峡谷PM_2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2157-2164.