放牧方式对高寒草地瑞香狼毒根际土壤团聚体及有机碳特征的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 660-667.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.003

放牧方式对高寒草地瑞香狼毒根际土壤团聚体及有机碳特征的影响

周沁苑¹^,²^,³(), 董全民¹^,²^,³, 王芳草¹^,²^,³, 刘玉祯¹^,²^,³, 冯斌¹^,²^,³, 杨晓霞¹^,²^,³, 俞旸¹^,²^,³, 张春平¹^,²^,³, 曹铨¹^,²^,³, 刘文亭¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，青海西宁 810016
2.青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室，青海西宁 810016
3.三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2022-11-19 出版日期:2023-04-18 发布日期:2023-07-12
通讯作者: *E-mail: qhdxlwt@163.com
作者简介:周沁苑（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为草地生态与环境保护研究。E-mail: zhouqinyuan2021@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160340);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2007);海北州牦牛藏羊产业技术研发与集成示范项目

Effects of Mixed Grazing on Aggregates and Organic Carbon in Rhizosphere Soil of Stellera chamaejasme in Alpine Grassland

ZHOU Qinyuan¹^,²^,³(), DONG Quanmin¹^,²^,³, Wang Fangcao¹^,²^,³, LIU Yuzhen¹^,²^,³, FENG Bin¹^,²^,³, YANG Xiaoxia¹^,²^,³, YU Yang¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Chunping¹^,²^,³, CAO Quan¹^,²^,³, LIU Wenting¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Xining 810016, China
3. Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source (Qinghai University)，Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, China

Received:2022-11-19 Online:2023-04-18 Published:2023-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

放牧是草地最基本的利用方式，放牧家畜通过践踏、采食、排泄等行为对草地土壤产生影响。有关放牧对团聚体及有机碳的研究目前主要集中于放牧强度的影响，但对于不同家畜混合放牧的研究相对较少。依托2014年建立的青藏托青藏高原高寒草地——家畜系统适应性管理技术平台，设置不放牧（对照）处理、藏羊单牧处理、牦牛单牧处理、牦牛藏羊1?2混牧处理，研究不同放牧方式下瑞香狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme）根际土壤团聚体组成和稳定性，有机碳含量及其贡献率。结果显示，（1）当土壤团聚体粒级在0－0.10 mm范围内时，各处理团聚体含量均高于不放牧处理，土壤团聚体粒级范围为0.10 mm以上时，各处理土壤团聚体含量均低于不放牧，且随着粒级增大，土壤团聚体含量降幅逐渐增大。（2）各放牧处理>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量均低于不放牧处理，顺序为不放牧>牦牛藏羊1?2混合放牧>牦牛单牧>藏羊单牧。其中藏羊单牧与牦牛单牧下降显著。（3）藏羊单牧和牦牛单牧处理的土壤总有机碳含量高于不放牧处理，牦牛藏羊1?2混合放牧处理的土壤总有机碳含量低于不放牧处理。（4）放牧提高了0.10－0.25 mm粒级土壤团聚体有机碳含量，但其他粒级土壤团聚体有机碳含量无明显规律。（5）各放牧处理0.10 mm以下粒级土壤团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率均高于不放牧，0.10 mm以上粒级土壤团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率均低于不放牧。综上所述，放牧会增加瑞香狼毒根际土壤微团聚体有机碳含量，提高微团聚体有机碳对总有机碳的贡献率。

关键词: 高寒草地, 土壤团聚体, 团聚体稳定性, 团聚体有机碳, 放牧方式

Abstract:

Grazing is the most basic way of grassland utilization. Grazing livestock may affect grassland soil through trampling, ingestion and excretion. At present, research on aggregates and organic carbon mainly focuses on the effect of grazing intensity, but there are few studies on mixed grazing of different livestock. Based on the adaptive management technology platform of alpine grassland-livestock system in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2014, no grazing (control) treatment, single grazing treatment of Tibetan sheep, single grazing treatment of yak, and 1?2 mixed grazing treatment of yak and Tibetan sheep were extracted in this paper to study the composition and stability of rhizosphere soil aggregates, organic carbon content and its contribution rate of Stellera chamaejasme under different grazing methods. The results showed that (1) when the particle size of soil aggregates was in the range of 0-0.10 mm, the content of aggregates in each treatment was higher than that in the no grazing treatment. When the particle size of soil aggregates was above 0.10 mm, the content of soil aggregates in each treatment was lower than that in the no grazing treatment, and the increase of particle size led to the decrease of soil aggregate content; (2) the content of aggregates>0.25mm in each grazing treatment was lower than that in the non-grazing treatment. The order was as follows: non-grazing yak and Tibetan sheep 1?2 mixed grazing>yak single grazing>Tibetan sheep single grazing. Among them, Tibetan sheep single grazing and yak single grazing decreased significantly; (3) the soil total organic carbon content of Tibetan sheep and yak single grazing treatment was higher than that of the no grazing treatment, and the soil total organic carbon content of yak Tibetan sheep 1?2 mixed grazing treatment was lower than that of the no grazing treatment; (4) grazing increased the organic carbon content of 0.10-0.25 mm soil aggregates, but the organic carbon content of other aggregates had no obvious regularity; (5) the contribution rate of soil aggregate organic carbon below 0.10 mm to soil organic carbon in each grazing treatment was higher than that of no grazing, and the contribution rate of soil aggregate organic carbon above 0.10 mm to soil organic carbon was lower than that of no grazing. In summary, grazing increased the content of organic carbon in microaggregates in rhizosphere soil of Stellera chamaejasme with the contribution rate of organic carbon in microaggregates to total organic carbon.

Key words: alpine grassland, soil aggregates, aggregate stability, aggregate organic carbon, grazing method

中图分类号:

周沁苑, 董全民, 王芳草, 刘玉祯, 冯斌, 杨晓霞, 俞旸, 张春平, 曹铨, 刘文亭. 放牧方式对高寒草地瑞香狼毒根际土壤团聚体及有机碳特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 660-667.

ZHOU Qinyuan, DONG Quanmin, Wang Fangcao, LIU Yuzhen, FENG Bin, YANG Xiaoxia, YU Yang, ZHANG Chunping, CAO Quan, LIU Wenting. Effects of Mixed Grazing on Aggregates and Organic Carbon in Rhizosphere Soil of Stellera chamaejasme in Alpine Grassland[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 660-667.

图/表 6

表1 放牧试验设计

Table 1 Grazing experiment design

处理¹⁾	牦牛数量/头	藏羊数量/只	小区面积/hm²	小区数
Y	1	0	0.260	3
S	0	2	0.170	3
M	1	2	0.430	3
CK	0	0	0.050	3

表2 不同放牧方式土壤机械稳定性团聚体分布

Table 2 Distribution of soil mechanical stability aggregates %

土壤团聚体粒级/mm	CK ¹⁾	S	Y	M
<0.05	26.5±3.36Ab ²⁾	39.4±3.94Aa	36.4±3.87Aa	35.5±2.14Aa
0.05－0.10	11.3±0.05Acd	12.9±0.640Bc	11.7±0.360ABb	12.0±0.860ABb
0.10－0.25	37.2±1.02Aa	30.4±3.04Ab	34.2±1.91Aa	33.1±1.64Aa
总和	75.0±2.31B	82.7±1.58A	82.2±3.72A	80.7±2.54AB
0.25－0.50	16.0±1.39Ac	12.1±1.36Ac	12.7±1.34Ab	12.7±1.40Ab
>0.50	9.07±1.07Ad	5.24±1.28Ac	5.12±0.840Ac	6.63±1.39Ab
总和	25.1±4.00A	17.3±1.58B	17.8±2.15B	19.3±4.40AB

图1 不同放牧方式土壤团聚体稳定性处理符号含义见表1。不同大写字母表示同一粒级不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。n=3。下同

Figure 1 Stability of soil aggregates under different grazing patterns

图2 不同放牧方式土壤总有机碳含量

Figure 2 Soil total organic carbon content under different grazing patterns

图3 土壤各粒级团聚体中有机碳含量处理符号含义见表1。不同大写字母表示同一粒级不同处理间差异显著，不同小写字母表示同一处理不同粒级间差异显著（P<0.05）。n=3。下同

Figure 3 content of organic carbon in soil aggregates

图4 不同放牧方式土壤各粒级有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率

Figure 4 The contribution rate of soil organic carbon to soil organic carbon in different grazing patterns

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放牧方式对高寒草地瑞香狼毒根际土壤团聚体及有机碳特征的影响

Effects of Mixed Grazing on Aggregates and Organic Carbon in Rhizosphere Soil of Stellera chamaejasme in Alpine Grassland

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