省会城市土壤重金属污染水平与健康风险评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2058-2069.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.014

省会城市土壤重金属污染水平与健康风险评价

陈景辉¹^,²(), 郭毅³, 杨博¹^,⁴, 屈撑囤¹^,⁴^,⁵

1.西安石油大学/陕西省油气田环境污染控制技术与储层保护重点实验室，陕西西安 710065
2.西安石油大学期刊中心，陕西西安 710065
4.西安石油大学化学化工学院，陕西西安 710065
5.石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102206

收稿日期:2022-07-23 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-09
作者简介:陈景辉（1985年生），男，讲师，硕士，研究方向为环境污染与修复。E-mail: jhchen@xsyu.edu.cn
基金资助:
“石油石化污染控制与处理国家重点实验室”重点课题(PPC2019001);中国石油低碳重大专项(240113001)

Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Soil and Health Risk Assessment in Provincial Capital Cities of China

CHEN Jinghui¹^,²(), GUO Yi³, YANG Bo¹^,⁴, QU Chengtun¹^,⁴^,⁵

1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution Control Technology and Reservoir Protection/Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
2. Journal Publication Center of Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
3.International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland, 4000, Australia
3. International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane City, Queensland, 4000, Australia
4. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, P. R. China
5. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Pollutant Control and Treatment, Beijing 102206, P. R. China

Received:2022-07-23 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收集整理了中国33个省会城市（除中国台北）的表层土壤重金属（As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg）和国外10个城市的5种重金属元素（As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd）质量分数数据，研究了中国省会城市土壤重金属质量分数分布特征，进行了污染源调查和健康风险评价。结果表明，中国省会城市土壤重金属As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的平均质量分数分别是中国土壤元素背景值的1.12、1.75、1.21、1.69、1.16、1.13、1.75、1.66、4.18、2.87倍。省会城市之间的重金属质量分数差异很大，Cu、Mn和Zn的最高质量分数出现在昆明，Ni和Pb的最高质量分数出现在上海，而As、Co、Cr、Cd和Hg的最高值分别出现在长春、兰州、西宁、长沙和北京。省会城市土壤重金属综合污染指数为5.35，属于重度污染。中国与国外10个城市土壤重金属质量分数相比略有差异，As和Cd的质量分数分别高于澳大利亚Kembla和伊朗Kerman，Cu质量分数远远低于所选择的10个国外城市，Pb质量分数水平是罗马尼亚Baia Mare的1/20，Zn质量分数约为俄罗斯Karabash的1/10。3种暴露途径对儿童和成人的非致癌健康风险指数（HI）大小顺序均表现为As>Cr>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Hg>Cd>Zn，As非致癌风险最高，主要由手-口摄入引起。4种致癌重金属（As、Cr、Ni、Cd）对儿童和成人的重金属致癌风险系数（CR）大小顺序为Cr>As>Ni>Cd，成人和儿童的终生致癌风险在可接受的风险范围内。

关键词: 重金属, 城市土壤, 健康风险评价, 暴露途径, 省会城市

Abstract:

The contents of heavy metals (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg) in topsoil of 33 provincial capital cities in China (except Chinese Taipei) and the contents of five heavy metals (As, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in 10 foreign cities were collected and sorted out. The distribution characteristics of heavy metal contents in soils of provincial capital cities in China were studied, and pollution source investigation and health risk assessment were carried out. The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg in the soils of Chinese provincial capitals were 1.12, 1.75, 1.21, 1.69, 1.16, 1.13, 1.75, 1.66, 4.18 and 2.87 times of the background values of Chinese soil elements, respectively. The content of heavy metals varied greatly among provincial capitals. The highest content of Cu, Mn and Zn appeared in Kunming, the highest content of Ni and Pb appeared in Shanghai, and the highest values of As, Co, Cr, Cd and Hg appeared in Changchun, Lanzhou, Xining, Changsha and Beijing, respectively. The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in the soil of the provincial capital city was 5.35, which belonged to severe pollution. The content of heavy metals in the soil of 10 cities in China was slightly different from that of foreign countries. The contents of As and Cd were higher than those of Kembla in Australia and Kerman in Iran, respectively. The content of Cu was far lower than that of the selected 10 foreign cities. The content of Pb was 1/20 of that of Baia mare in Romania, and the content of Zn is about 1/10 of that of Karabash in Russia. The order of non-carcinogenic health risk index (HI) of the three exposure routes for children and adults was As>Cr>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Hg>Cd>Zn. As had the highest non-carcinogenic risk and was mainly caused by hand-oral intake. The order of heavy metal carcinogenic risk coefficient (CR) of four carcinogenic heavy metals (As, Cr, Ni, Cd) for children and adults was Cr>As>Ni>Cd, and the lifetime carcinogenic risk for adults and children was within the acceptable risk range.

Key words: heavy metals, urban soil, health risk assessment, exposure routes, provincial capital

中图分类号:

X53
X825

陈景辉, 郭毅, 杨博, 屈撑囤. 省会城市土壤重金属污染水平与健康风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 2058-2069.

CHEN Jinghui, GUO Yi, YANG Bo, QU Chengtun. Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Soil and Health Risk Assessment in Provincial Capital Cities of China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 2058-2069.

图/表 10

参考文献 53

[1]	ADAMO P, DUDKA S, WILSON M J, et al., 2002. Distribution of trace elements in soils from the Sudbury smelting area (Ontario, Canada)[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 137(1-4): 95-116. DOI URL
[2]	BI X Y, LIANG S Y, LI X D, 2013. A novel in situ method for sampling urban soil dust: particle size distribution,trace metal concentrations and stable lead isotopes[J]. Environmental Pollution, 177: 48-57. DOI URL
[3]	CHAKRABORTY S, MAN T, PAULETTE L, et al., 2017. Rapid assessment of smelter/mining soil contamination via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and indicator kriging[J]. Geoderma, 306: 108-119. DOI URL
[4]	CHOPIN E, ALLOWAY B J, 2007. Trace element partitioning and soil particle characterisation around mining and smelting areas at Tharsis, Ríotinto and Huelva, SW Spain[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 373(2-3): 488-500. PMID
[5]	CLEMENTE R, DICKINSON N M, LEPP N W, 2008. Mobility of metals and metalloids in a multi-element contaminated soil 20 years after cessation of the pollution source activity[J]. Environmental Pollution, 155(2): 254-261. DOI PMID
[6]	FELIX O I, CSAVINA J, FIELD J, et al., 2015. Use of lead isotopes to identify sources of metal and metalloid contaminants in atmospheric aerosol from mining operations[J]. Chemosphere, 122: 219-226. DOI PMID
[7]	FORGHANI G, KELM U, MAZINANI V, 2019. Spatial distribution and chemical partitioning of potentially toxic elements in soils around Khatoon-Abad Cu Smelter, SE Iran[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 196: 66-80. DOI URL
[8]	JAFFAR S T A, CHEN L Z, YOUNAS H, et al., 2017. Heavy metals pollution assessment in correlation with magnetic susceptibility in topsoils of Shanghai[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(7): 661-669. DOI URL
[9]	KABALA C, SINGH B R, 2001. Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a copper smelter[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30(2): 485-492. PMID
[10]	LI X Y, CAO Y J, QI L, et al., 2012. The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in Guiyang urban soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 31(2): 174-180. DOI URL
[11]	MARTLEY E, GULSON B L, PFEIFER H R, 2004. Metal concentrations in soils around the copper smelter and surrounding industrial complex of Port Kembla, NSW, Australia[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 325(1-3): 113-127. PMID
[12]	PARRA S, BRAVO M A, QUIROZ W, et al., 2014. Distribution of trace elements in particle size fractions for contaminated soils by a copper smelting from different zones of the Puchuncaví Valley (Chile)[J]. Chemosphere, 111: 513-521. DOI PMID
[13]	TATSY Y G, PIRRONE N, 2013. Assessment of the distribution of heavy metals around a Cu smelter town, Karabash, South Urals, Russia[EB/OL]. E3s Web of Conferences, 1: 19010.
[14]	XIAO X, ZHANG J, WANG H, et al., 2020. Distribution and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils around coal industrial areas: A global meta-analysis[EB/OL]. Science of the Total Environment, 713: 135292.
[15]	柴立立, 崔邢涛, 2019. 河北省重点城市土壤重金属污染评价与防治对策——以石家庄市为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 19(3): 261-268.
	CHAI L L, CUI X T, 2019. Pollution assessments and prevention countermeasures of heavy metals of soil in main cities of Hebei Province: Taking Shijiazhuang as an example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 19(3): 261-269.
[16]	白宇明, 李永利, 周文辉, 等, 2022. 典型工业城市土壤重金属元素形态特征及生态风险评估[J]. 岩矿测试, 41(4): 632-641.
	BAI Y M, LI Y L, ZHOU W H, et al., 2022. Speciation characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal elements in soils of typical industrial city[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 41(4): 632-641.
[17]	陈铂垚, 刘凯利, 李明峰, 等, 2021. 典型高新技术产业开发区土壤重金属污染物来源及生态风险和产业工人健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 40(9): 2680-2692.
	CHEN B Y, LIU K L, LI M F, et al., 2021. Source identification of soil heavy metal pollutants with the assessment of ecological risk and industrial workers health risk[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 40(9): 2680-2692.
[18]	陈佳林, 李仁英, 谢晓金, 等, 2021. 南京市绿地土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J]. 环境科学, 42(2): 909-916.
	CHEN J L, LI R Y, XIE X J, et al., 2021. Distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in greenbelt soils of Nanjing city[J]. Environmental Science, 42(2): 909-916.
[19]	陈景辉, 卢新卫, 翟萌, 2011. 西安城市路边土壤重金属来源与潜在风险[J]. 应用生态学报, 22(7): 1810-1816.
	CHEN J H, LU X W, ZHAI M, 2011. Sources and potential risk of heavy metals in roadside soils of Xi’an City[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22(7): 1810-1816.
[20]	陈景辉, 2011. 西安城市路边土壤重金属污染与天然放射性水平研究[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学.
	CHEN J H, 2011. Study on heavy metal pollution and natural radioactivity level of urban roadside soil in Xi’an[D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University.
[21]	陈同斌, 黄铭洪, 黄焕忠, 等, 1997. 香港土壤中的重金属含量及其污染现状[J]. 地理学报, 52(3): 228-236. DOI
	CHEN T B, HUANG M H, HUANG H Z, et al., 1997. A study on heavy metal pollution in soils in Hong Kong[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 52(3): 228-236. DOI
[22]	范春丽, 刘晓娟, 田云芳, 等, 2021. 郑州市西部工业走廊地区土壤重金属污染状况调查[J]. 安徽农学通报, 27(3): 113-116.
	FAN C L, LIU X J, TIAN Y F, et al., 2021. Investigation on soil heavy metal pollution in the western industrial corridor of Zhengzhou city[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 27(3): 113-116.
[23]	侯佳渝, 杨耀栋, 程绪江, 2021. 天津市城区不同功能区绿地土壤重金属分布特征及来源研究[J]. 物探与化探, 45(5): 1130-1134.
	HOU J Y, YANG Y D, CHENG X J, 2021. Distribution and sources of heavy metals in greenbelt soil in different functional zones of Tianjin City[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 45(5): 1130-1134.
[24]	胡延彪, 李忠武, 黄金权, 等, 2016. 湘江长沙段洲滩菜园土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价[J]. 安全与环境学报, 16(1): 354-358.
	HU Y B, LI Z W, HUANG J Q, et al., 2016. Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contaminants in the soils of the vegetable plants in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 16(1): 354-358.
[25]	黄锐, 苏贺, 赵丹, 2020. 南宁心圩江底泥重金属污染特征分析[J]. 西部交通科技 (1):185-188, 196.
	HUANG R, SU H, ZHAO D, 2020. Analysis on pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the bottom mud of Xinwei River in Nanning[J]. Western Communications Science and Technology (1): 185-188, 196.
[26]	黄煜韬, 施维林, 纪娟, 等, 2022. 基于BP神经网络对某电镀厂土壤重金属预测及人体健康风险评价[J]. 生态毒理学报, 17(2): 278-289.
	HUANG Y T, SHI W L, JI J, et al., 2022. Prediction of soil heavy metals based on BP neural network and assessment of human health risk of an electroplating plant[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 17(2): 278-289.
[27]	贾中民, 2021. 渝西北土壤重金属污染特征､源解析与生态健康风险评价[D]. 重庆: 西南大学.
	JIA Z M, 2021. Characteristics, source analysis and ecological health risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in Northwest Chongqing[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University.
[28]	李春艳, 2021. 兰州市主城区不同功能区表土重金属污染特征及风险评价[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学.
	LI C, 2021. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil of different functional areas in the main urban area of Lanzhou[D]. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University.
[29]	李括, 彭敏, 杨峥, 等, 2020. 中国193个城市规划区土壤微量元素污染与健康风险[J]. 环境科学, 41(4): 1825-1837.
	LI K, PENG M, YANG Z, et al., 2020. Trace Metals Pollution and Health Risks for Planning Area Soils of 193 Chinese Cities[J]. Environmental science, 41(4): 1825-1837.
[30]	李伟, 高海涛, 张娜, 等, 2022. 拉萨市城区土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 环境工程技术报, 12(3): 869-877.
	LI W, GAO H T, ZHANG N, et al., 2022. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil of Lhasa City[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 12(3): 869-877.
[31]	刘春英, 李洪义, 2019. 南昌市不同功能区绿化带土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 28(8): 1691-1699.
	LIU C Y, LI H Y, 2019. Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in green belt soil of different functional areas in Nanchang and the ecological risk assessment[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 28(8): 1691-1699.
[32]	刘春跃, 王辉, 白明月, 等, 2020. 沈阳市老城区表层土壤重金属分布特征及风险评价[J]. 环境工程, 38(1): 167-171.
	LIU C Y, WANG H, BAI M Y, et al., 2020. Risk assessment and characteristics of heavy metals in surface soil of old town of Shenyang[J]. Environmental Engineering, 38(1): 167-171.
[33]	刘玲玲, 2020. 北京城市公园表层土壤重金属污染评价及风险评估[D]. 合肥: 安徽大学.
	LIU L L, 2020. Evaluation and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soil of Beijing Urban Parks[D]. Hefei: Anhui University.
[34]	彭驰, 刘旭, 周子若, 等, 2022. 铜冶炼场地周边土壤重金属污染特征与风险评价[EB/OL]. 环境科学, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201040. DOI
	PENG C, LIU X, ZHOU Z R, et al., 2022. Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil around copper smelting site[EB/OL]. Environmental Science, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202201040. DOI
[35]	孙变变, 赵银鑫, 常丹, 等, 2020. 银川市城市绿地土壤重金属分布特征及其生态风险评价[J]. 水土保持研究, 27(6): 262-268, 277.
	SUN B B, ZHAO Y X, CHANG D, et al., 2020. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in urban green soil of Yinchuan City[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 27(6): 262-268, 277
[36]	汪洁, 龚竞, 刘雨佳, 等, 2022. 昆明市土壤重金属污染特征及其生态与健康风险评价[J]. 轻工学报, 37(4): 118-126.
	WANG J, GONG J, LIU Y J, et al., 2022. Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from a typical southwest capital city, Kunming[J]. Journal of Light Industry, 37(4):118-126.
[37]	汪进, 韩智勇, 冯燕, 等, 2021. 成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 30(9): 1923-1932.
	WANG J, HAN Z Y, FENG Y, et al., 2021. Morphological distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in the green soil of industrial zone in Chengdu[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 30(9): 1923-1932.
[38]	王天欣, 2021. 长春市建成区土壤重金属地球化学特征与风险评价[D]. 长春: 吉林大学.
	WANG T X, 2021. Geochemical characteristics and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in built-up areas of Changchun[D]. Changchun: Jilin University.
[39]	王亚宇, 2008. 乌鲁木齐市土壤重金属空间分布及行道树对重金属的富集特征[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学.
	WANG Y Y, 2008. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil of Urumqi city and enrichment characteristics of heavy metals by roadside trees[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University.
[40]	谢纪海, 黄群龙, 张娅婷, 等, 2018. 武汉都市发展区表层土壤重金属污染风险分析[J]. 环境工程, 36(增刊): 718-721.
	XIE J H, HUANG Q L, ZHANG Y T, et al., 2018. Risk analysis of heavy metal pollution in surface soil of Wuhan Urban Development Area[J]. Environmental engineering, 36(Supplement): 718-721.
[41]	徐素云, 陈卫锋, 倪进治, 等, 2017. 福州市蔬菜基地土壤重金属和多环芳烃的含量及其与土壤磁性指标的关系[J]. 环境工程学报, 11(8): 4861-4867.
	XU S Y, CHEN W F, NI J Z, et al., 2017. The content of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil of Fuzhou vegetable base and its relationship with soil magnetic index[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 11(8): 4861-4867.
[42]	杨冰雪, 马勤, 方晨, 等, 2020. 杭州市临安区农田土壤重金属污染调查与评价[J]. 四川环境, 39(3): 132-138.
	YANG B X, MA Q, FANG C, et al., 2020. Investigation and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil of Lin’an District, Hangzhou[J]. Sichuan Environment, 39(3): 132-138
[43]	杨大龙, 2021. 合肥市区表层土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评估[D]. 合肥: 安徽医科大学.
	YANG D L, 2021. Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of topsoil in Hefei City[D]. Hefei: Anhui Medical University.
[44]	杨蕊, 李小平, 王继文, 等, 2016. 西宁市城市土壤重金属分布特征及其环境风险[J]. 生态学杂志, 35(6): 1531-1538.
	YANG R, LI X P, WANG J W, et al., 2016. Geochemical distribution and environment risk of heavy metals in urban soil of Xining City[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 35(6): 1531-1538.
[45]	杨学兰, 马云飞, 2020. 基于PMF模型的济南市郊土壤重金属来源解析[J]. 河北环境工程学院学报, 30(6): 44-47, 72.
	YANG X L, MA Y F, 2020. Source analysis of heavy metals in Jinan suburb soil based on PMF model[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, 30(6): 44-47, 72.
[46]	姚文文, 陈文德, 黄钟宣, 等, 2021. 重庆市主城区土壤重金属形态特征及风险评价[J]. 西南农业学报, 34(1): 159-164.
	YAO W W, CHEN W D, HUANG Z X, et al., 2021. Speciation characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils in the main urban area of Chongqing[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(1): 159-164.
[47]	殷秀莲, 谢志宜, 汪婉萍, 等, 2021. 广州市土壤重金属元素源解析: 三种受体模型的比较(英文)[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报, 51(11): 813-821.
	YIN X L, XIE Z Y, WANG W P, et al., 2021. Source apportionment of heavy metals in soils of Guangzhou: comparison of three receptor models[J]. Journal of University of science and technology of China, 51(11): 813-821.
[48]	张慧, 郑志志, 马鑫鹏, 等, 2017. 哈尔滨市土壤表层重金属污染特征及来源辨析[J]. 环境科学研究, 30(10): 1597-1606.
	ZHANG H, ZHENG Z Z, MA X P, et al., 2017. Sources and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface soils of Harbin City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 30(10): 1597-1606.
[49]	张媛, 王美娥, 谢天, 等, 2021. 澳门特别行政区土壤自然消减能力与污染背景[J]. 环境科学学报, 41(2): 583-596.
	ZHANG Y, WANG M E, XIE T, et al., 2021. Natural attenuation capacity and urban background contamination in soil in Macao[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 41(2): 583-596.
[50]	张媛, 2020. 太原市城乡室内尘和室外土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[D]. 太原: 山西大学.
	ZHANG Y, 2020. Characteristics and source analysis of indoor dust and outdoor soil heavy metal pollution in urban and rural areas of Taiyuan[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University.
[51]	中国环境监测总站, 1990. 中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京: 中国科学出版社.
	China Environmental Monitoring Station, 1990. Background values of soil elements in China[M]. Beijing: China Science Press.
[52]	周宝宣, 秦夕淳, 袁琦, 2016. 海口市蔬菜土壤重金属含量特征研究[J]. 环境保护科学, 42(5): 124-128.
	ZHOU B X, QIN X C, YUAN Q, 2016. Study on characteristics of heavy metal content in vegetable soil in Haikou[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 42 (5): 124-128
[53]	周燕, 2018. 西安市不同功能区土壤重金属与多环芳烃污染研究[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学.
	ZHOU Y, 2018. Study on pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of different functional areas in Xi’an[D]. Xi’an: Shaanxi Normal University.

参数含义 Parameter meaning	符号和单位 Symbols and units	儿童 Children	成人 Adults
每日摄取率 Daily intake rate	R_ing/(mg·d^-1)	200	100
暴露频率 Exposure frequency	EF/(d·a^-1）	350	350
暴露时长 Exposure duration	ED/a	6	25
平均体重 Average body weight	BW/kg	15.9	56.8
平均时间 Average time	AT/d	26280	26280
每日吸入率 Daily inhalation rate	R_inh/(m³·d^-1)	7.5	14.5
颗粒物释放因子 Particulate matter release factor	PEF/(m³·kg)	1.36×10⁹	1.36×10⁹
皮肤暴露面积 Skin exposure area	SA/cm²	2800	5700
皮肤粘附因子 Skin adhesion factor	SL/(mg·cm^-2)	0.2	0.07
皮肤吸附因子 Skin adsorption factor	ABF	0.001	0.001

参数含义 Parameter meaning	符号和单位 Symbols and units	儿童 Children	成人 Adults
每日摄取率 Daily intake rate	R_ing/(mg·d^-1)	200	100
暴露频率 Exposure frequency	EF/(d·a^-1）	350	350
暴露时长 Exposure duration	ED/a	6	25
平均体重 Average body weight	BW/kg	15.9	56.8
平均时间 Average time	AT/d	26280	26280
每日吸入率 Daily inhalation rate	R_inh/(m³·d^-1)	7.5	14.5
颗粒物释放因子 Particulate matter release factor	PEF/(m³·kg)	1.36×10⁹	1.36×10⁹
皮肤暴露面积 Skin exposure area	SA/cm²	2800	5700
皮肤粘附因子 Skin adhesion factor	SL/(mg·cm^-2)	0.2	0.07
皮肤吸附因子 Skin adsorption factor	ABF	0.001	0.001

重金属 Heavy metal	斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg^-1)	参考剂量RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
重金属 Heavy metal	斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg^-1)	经口摄入ADD_ing	呼吸摄入ADD _inh	皮肤摄入ADD_dermal
As	15.1	3.00×10^-4	1.23×10^-4	1.23×10^-4
Cr	42	3.00×10^-3	2.86×10^-5	6.00×10^-5
Cu	—	4.00×10^-2	4.02×10^-2	1.20×10^-2
Mn	15.1	4.60×10^-2	1.43×10^-5	1.84×10^-3
Ni	0.84	2.00×10^-2	2.06×10^-2	5.40×10^-3
Pb	—	3.50×10^-3	3.52×10^-3	5.25×10^-4
Zn	—	3.00×10^-1	3.00×10^-1	6.00×10^-2
Cd	6.30	1.00×10^-3	1.00×10^-5	1.00×10^-5
Hg	—	3.00×10^-4	8.57×10^-5	2.10×10^-5

重金属 Heavy metal	斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg^-1)	参考剂量RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
重金属 Heavy metal	斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg^-1)	经口摄入ADD_ing	呼吸摄入ADD _inh	皮肤摄入ADD_dermal
As	15.1	3.00×10^-4	1.23×10^-4	1.23×10^-4
Cr	42	3.00×10^-3	2.86×10^-5	6.00×10^-5
Cu	—	4.00×10^-2	4.02×10^-2	1.20×10^-2
Mn	15.1	4.60×10^-2	1.43×10^-5	1.84×10^-3
Ni	0.84	2.00×10^-2	2.06×10^-2	5.40×10^-3
Pb	—	3.50×10^-3	3.52×10^-3	5.25×10^-4
Zn	—	3.00×10^-1	3.00×10^-1	6.00×10^-2
Cd	6.30	1.00×10^-3	1.00×10^-5	1.00×10^-5
Hg	—	3.00×10^-4	8.57×10^-5	2.10×10^-5

城市 City	发表时间 Published time/a	w/(mg·kg^-1)										参考文献 Reference
城市 City	发表时间 Published time/a	As	Co	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	Cd	Hg	参考文献 Reference
北京 Beijing	2020	11.97	—	63.57	35.49	—	27.12	36.43	145.68	0.49	0.87	刘玲玲, 2020^20-21
上海 Shanghai	2017	—	—	128.00	55.00	719.00	56.00	119.00	229.00	0.33	—	2017
天津 Tianjin	2021	11.00	—	81.00	45.00	—	33.00	44.00	148.00	0.39	0.18	2021
重庆 Chongqing	2021	—	—	86.77	24.87	—	33.19	28.89	126.02	0.28	0.08	2021
哈尔滨 Harbin	2017	8.87	—	61.28	22.33	—	25.73	26.74	72.03	0.17	0.08	2017
长春 Changchun	2021	28.63	—	124.75	22.19	—	23.19	33.34	48.33	0.11	—	王天欣, 2021¹³
沈阳 Shenyang	2020	8.09	—	67.30	44.80	—	38.10	59.14	206.60	0.49	—	2020
石家庄 Shijiazhuang	2019	9.42	—	71.85	27.39	—	28.20	31.00	104.48	0.28	0.11	柴立立等, 2019²⁶³
兰州 Lanzhou	2019	13.62	59.14	60.86	41.12	—	37.47	36.49	108.25	—	—	李春艳, 2021²¹
西宁 Xining	2016	7.70	17.18	200.73	20.85	—	—	34.85	48.60	—	—	2016
西安 Xi’an	2018	12.20	18.00	70.80	36.20	643.00	32.50	48.00	129.70	—	—	2018
郑州 Zhengzhou	2021	—	8.84	63.40	21.67	461.03	26.82	48.19	80.04	0.31	0.15	2021
济南 Ji’nan	2020	11.93	—	71.87	26.08	—	32.18	—	72.08	0.20	0.05	2020
太原 Taiyuan	2020	11.46	8.11	42.17	16.47	403.85	20.18	20.95	40.26	0.13	—	2020
合肥 Hefei	2021	23.91	—	59.92	26.62	457.88	34.06	17.93	115.17	0.10	—	2021
武汉 Wuhan	2018	13.00	—	87.80	35.60	—	35.00	37.00	109.00	0.30	0.11	2018
长沙 Changsha	2021	15.31	14.40	134.09	27.58	—	14.87	56.03	149.47	1.24	—	2021
南京 Nanjing	2021		—	87.29	36.89	—		46.30	80.37	0.62		2021
成都 Chengdu	2021	—	—	71.78	29.10	—	—	20.45	198.47	0.53		2021
贵阳 Guiyang	2012	—	—	-	66.10	—	—	79.50	243.00	0.98		2012
昆明 Kunming	2022	9.72	—	51.09	249.03	1160.15	43.00	62.27	381.79	1.10		2022
杭州 Hangzhou	2020	13.78	—	47.94	39.96	—	44.20	48.70	96.09	0.19	0.42	2020
南昌 Nanchang	2019	—	—	—	27.48	—	—	60.92	156.16	0.20	—	2019
广州 Guangzhou	2021	16.07	—	62.21	25.42	—	19.92	57.19	140.21	0.30	0.25	2021
福州 Fuzhou	2017	16.00	—	21.30	45.50	—	—	55.00	147.00	0.60	—	2017
海口 Haikou	2016	2.65	—	59.25	19.82	—	53.22	21.73	55.31	0.23	0.16	2016
乌鲁木齐 Urumqi	2008	—	—	—	47.30	—	—	50.90	152.00	0.58	—	2008
呼和浩特 Huhhot	2022	6.38	—	103.63	26.04	888.40	28.33	39.05	115.84	0.20	—	2022
银川 Yinchuan	2020	11.90	—	60.26	21.17		25.66	22.78	55.48	0.15	0.04	2020
南宁 Nanning	2020	7.05	—	46.00	45.60	—	18.00	65.60	105.00	0.77	0.37	2020
拉萨 Lhasa	2022	25.64	—	35.90	20.25	—	17.35	22.70	66.07	0.10	0.07	2022
香港 Hong Kong	1997	—	—	—	17.10	—	—	56.90	55.20	1.04	—	1997
澳门 Macao	2021	4.09	3.84	24.00	16.60	—	9.56	72.50	73.70	0.13	0.07	2021
最大值 Maximum	—	28.63	59.14	200.73	249.03	1160.15	56.00	119.00	381.79	1.24	0.87	—
最小值 Minimum	—	2.65	3.84	21.30	16.47	403.85	9.56	17.93	40.26	0.10	0.04	—
平均值 Average value	—	12.52	18.50	74.03	38.26	676.19	30.27	45.64	122.86	0.42	0.20	—
标准偏差 Standard deviation	—	5.34	8.08	34.33	39.70	118.63	9.74	20.83	70.30	0.31	0.14	—
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	—	0.43	0.44	0.46	1.04	0.18	0.32	0.46	0.57	0.73	0.70	—
中位值 Median value	—	12.52	18.50	70.80	27.48	676.19	30.27	45.64	109.00	0.31	0.20
中国土壤背景值Background values of soil elements in China	—	11.20	10.60	61.00	22.60	583.00	26.90	26.00	74.20	0.10	0.07	1990
全球背景值 Global background value	—	11.40	—	70.90	28.20	—	17.80	28.40	67.80	0.49	0.06	Xiao et al., 2020⁴

省会城市土壤重金属污染水平与健康风险评价

Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Soil and Health Risk Assessment in Provincial Capital Cities of China

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 53

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

城市 (国家) City (Country)	发表时间 Published time	w/(mg·kg^-1)					参考文献 Reference
城市 (国家) City (Country)	发表时间 Published time	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	参考文献 Reference
Tucson (美国)	2015	96.70	—	145.00	—	5.33	2015
Karabash (俄罗斯)	2013	285.00	2669.00	620.00	1216.00	7.75	2013
Prescot (英国)	2008	77.30	661.00	565.00	144.00	22.00	2008
Sudbury (加拿大)	2002	—	557.00	33.00	63.00	2.80	2002
Kembla (澳大利亚)	2004	4.10	76.00	29.00	63.00	—	2004
Huelva (西班牙)	2007	14.00	110.00	45.00	100.00	—	2007
Glogow (波兰)	2001	—	297.00	111.00	47.50	—	2001
Baia Mare (罗马尼亚)	2017	87.90	248.00	864.00	394.00	—	2017
Kerman (伊朗)	2019	23.80	92.00	13.70	55.00	0.30	2019
Puchuncaví (智利)	2014	45.10	571.00	84.40	165.00	1.00	2014
省会城市均值 (中国)	2022	12.52	38.26	45.64	122.86	0.42	本研究 This study
最小值 Minimum	—	4.10	38.26	13.70	47.50	0.30	—
最大值 Maximum	—	285.00	2669.00	864.00	1216.00	22.00	—
平均值 Average value	—	71.82	531.93	232.34	237.04	5.66	—
中位值 Median value	—	45.10	272.50	84.40	111.43	2.80	—
标准偏差 Standard deviation	—	87.19	784.92	300.50	358.75	7.72	—
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	—	1.21	1.48	1.29	1.51	1.36	—
上地壳元素质量分数 Element content of upper crust	—	5.70	27.00	25.00	75.00	0.06	Xiao et al., 2020⁴
全球背景值 Global background value	—	11.40	28.20	28.40	67.80	0.06	Xiao et al., 2020⁴

暴露人群 Exposed population	摄入方式 Ingestion mode	As	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	Cd	Hg
儿童 Children	手口摄入 ADD_ing	1.25×10^-5	7.44×10^-5	3.84×10^-5	6.79×10^-4	3.04×10^-5	4.58×10^-5	1.23×10^-4	4.20×10^-7	2.04×10^-7
	呼吸摄入 ADD _inh	3.46×10^-16	2.05×10^-15	1.06×10^-15	1.87×10^-14	8.39×10^-16	1.26×10^-15	3.40×10^-15	1.15×10^-17	5.65×10^-18
	皮肤摄入 ADD_dermal	3.52×10^-8	2.08×10^-7	1.07×10^-7	1.90×10^-6	8.51×10^-8	1.28×10^-7	3.45×10^-7	1.17×10^-9	5.73×10^-10
成人 Adult	手口摄入 ADD_ing	7.33×10^-6	4.33×10^-5	2.24×10^-5	3.96×10^-4	1.77×10^-5	2.67×10^-5	7.20×10^-5	2.45×10^-7	1.19×10^-7
	呼吸摄入 ADD_inh	7.82×10^-16	4.62×10^-15	2.39×10^-15	4.22×10^-14	1.89×10^-15	2.85×10^-15	7.67×10^-15	2.61×10^-17	1.27×10^-17
	皮肤摄入 ADD_dermal	2.92×10^-8	1.73×10^-7	8.94×10^-8	1.58×10^-6	7.08×10^-8	1.06×10^-7	2.87×10^-7	9.77×10^-10	4.76×10^-10

指数 Index	暴露人群 Exposed population	摄入方式 Ingestion mode	As	Cr	Cu	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	Cd	Hg
非致癌风险指数HQ	儿童 Children	手口摄入 ADD_ing	4.19×10^-2	2.48×10^-2	9.61×10^-4	1.47×10^-2	1.52×10^-3	1.31×10^-2	4.11×10^-4	4.20×10^-4	6.83×10^-4
		呼吸摄入 ADD _inh	2.82×10^-12	7.17×10^-11	2.63×10^-14	1.31×10^-9	4.07×10^-14	3.59×10^-13	1.13×10^-14	1.15×10^-12	6.59×10^-14
		皮肤摄入 ADD_dermal	2.86×10^-4	3.47×10^-3	8.97×10^-6	1.03×10^-3	1.57×10^-5	2.44×10^-4	5.76×10^-6	1.17×10^-4	2.73×10^-5
	成人 Adult	手足摄入 ADD_ing	2.44×10^-2	1.44×10^-2	5.60×10^-4	8.61×10^-3	8.87×10^-4	7.64×10^-3	2.40×10^-4	2.45×10^-4	3.98×10^-4
		呼吸摄入 ADD_inh	6.36×10^-12	1.61×10^-10	5.94×10^-14	2.95×10^-9	9.18×10^-14	8.10×10^-13	2.55×10^-14	2.61×10^-12	1.48×10^-13
		皮肤摄入 ADD_dermal	2.38×10^-4	2.88×10^-3	7.45×10^-6	8.59×10^-4	1.31×10^-5	2.03×10^-4	4.78×10^-6	9.77×10^-5	2.27×10^-5
非致癌风险总指数HI	儿童 Children		4.22×10^-2	2.82×10^-2	9.70×10^-4	1.58×10^-2	1.53×10^-3	1.33×10^-2	4.17×10^-4	5.37×10^-4	7.10×10^-4
非致癌风险总指数HI	成人 Adult		2.46×10^-2	1.73×10^-2	5.68×10^-4	9.47×10^-3	9.00×10^-4	7.84×10^-3	2.44×10^-4	3.42×10^-4	4.21×10^-4

暴露人群 Exposed population	统计结果 Statistical results	As	Cr	Ni	Cd
儿童 Children	最小值 Minimum	3.19×10^-15	7.14×10^-14	6.40×10^-16	5.02×10^-17
	最大值 Maximum	3.45×10^-14	6.72×10^-13	3.75×10^-15	6.23×10^-16
	平均值 Average value	1.50×10^-14	2.48×10^-13	2.02×10^-15	2.10×10^-16
	中位值 Median value	1.50×10^-14	2.37×10^-13	2.02×10^-15	1.55×10^-16
	标准差 Standard deviation	6.43×10^-15	1.15×10^-13	6.52×10^-16	1.54×10^-16
成人 Adult	最小值 Minimum	7.20×10^-15	1.61×10^-13	1.44×10^-15	1.13×10^-16
	最大值 Maximum	7.78×10^-14	1.51×10^-12	8.46×10^-15	1.40×10^-15
	平均值 Average value	3.40×10^-14	5.59×10^-13	4.57×10^-15	4.73×10^-16
	中位值 Median value	3.40×10^-14	5.35×10^-13	4.57×10^-15	3.51×10^-16
	标准差 Standard deviation	1.45×10^-14	2.59×10^-13	1.47×10^-15	3.47×10^-16

[1]	杜丹丹, 高瑞忠, 房丽晶, 谢龙梅. 旱区盐湖盆地土壤重金属空间变异及对土壤理化因子的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1123-1132.
[2]	冯树娜, 吕家珑, 何海龙. KI淋洗对黄绵土汞污染的去除效果及土壤理化性状的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 776-783.
[3]	陈敏毅, 朱航海, 佘伟铎, 尹光彩, 黄祖照, 杨巧玲. 珠三角某遗留造船厂场地土壤重金属人体健康风险评估及源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 794-804.
[4]	肖洁芸, 周伟, 石佩琪. 土壤重金属含量高光谱反演[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 175-182.
[5]	黄宏, 郑欣芸, 李迎东, 赵旭, 俞锦辰, 汪振华. 大陈岛海域不同年龄褐菖鲉对重金属富集作用研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1885-1891.
[6]	马闯, 王雨阳, 周通, 吴龙华. 污染土壤颗粒态有机质镉锌富集特征及其解吸行为研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1892-1900.
[7]	石文静, 周翰鹏, 孙涛, 黄金涛, 杨文焕, 李卫平. 矿区周边土壤重金属污染优先控制因子及健康风险评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1616-1628.
[8]	陶玲, 黄磊, 周怡蕾, 李中兴, 任珺. 污泥-凹凸棒石共热解生物炭对矿区土壤重金属生物有效性和环境风险的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1637-1646.
[9]	李莹, 张洲, 杨高明, 祖艳群, 李博, 陈建军. 湿地植物根系泌氧能力和根表铁膜与根系吸收重金属的关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1657-1666.
[10]	罗松英, 李秋霞, 邱锦坤, 邓素炎, 李一锋, 陈碧珊. 南三岛土壤-红树植物系统中重金属形态特征及迁移转化规律[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1409-1416.
[11]	董乐恒, 王旭刚, 陈曼佳, 王子豪, 孙丽蓉, 石兆勇, 吴琪琪. 光照和避光条件下石灰性水稻土Fe氧化还原与Cu活性关系研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1448-1455.
[12]	彭红丽, 谭海霞, 王颖, 魏建梅, 冯阳. 不同种植模式下土壤重金属形态分布差异与生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1235-1243.
[13]	黄敏, 赵晓峰, 梁荣祥, 王鹏忠, 戴安然, 何晓曼. 3种螯合剂对Cd、Cu复合污染土壤淋洗修复的对比研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1244-1252.
[14]	朱立安, 张会化, 程炯, 李婷, 林梓, 李俊杰. 珠江三角洲林业用地土壤重金属潜在生态风险格局分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1253-1262.
[15]	施建飞, 靳正忠, 周智彬, 王鑫. 额尔齐斯河流域典型尾矿库区周边土壤重金属污染评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 1015-1023.