川西亚高山彩叶林景观分布格局及其地形影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1581-1588.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.004

川西亚高山彩叶林景观分布格局及其地形影响研究

李巧玉(), 张小晶, 陈娟, 刘媛, 刘锦春, 陶建平^*()

三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室/西南大学生命科学学院,重庆 400715

收稿日期:2021-03-08 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 陶建平,教授,E-mail: taojp@swu.edu.cn
作者简介:李巧玉（1993年生）,女,博士研究生,研究方向为森林生态学。E-mail: lethe@email.swu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505003)

Landscape Distribution Pattern of Subalpine Color-leaved Forests and the Influence of Topographic Factors in Western Sichuan

LI Qiaoyu(), ZHANG Xiaojing, CHEN Juan, LIU Yuan, LIU Jinchun, TAO Jianping^*()

Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments Three Gorges Reservoir Region/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region/School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

Received:2021-03-08 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

彩叶林是川西亚高山森林景观的重要组成部分,是川西地区重要的美学资源,提供了多种重要的生态系统服务,对区域生态旅游和经济发展起着重要作用。探讨彩叶林景观分布格局及其与地形因子的关系,有助于为亚高山彩叶林旅游资源的有效保护和规划利用提供依据。以四川省理县317国道沿线彩叶林为研究对象,基于外业调查的森林资源数据绘制景观类型分布图,通过景观类型分布图与数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,DEM）数据叠加分析地形因子对彩叶林景观分布格局的影响,并分析植被演替对亚高山彩叶林景观格局动态的影响。结果表明,（1）研究区域彩叶林面积占森林景观面积的49.60%,彩叶林类型共18种。（2）典范对应分析（Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA）结果表明,海拔高度是影响整体彩叶林分布的主要因子,其次是坡向。（3）研究区彩叶林多数处于混交林阶段,其次为阔叶林和灌丛林阶段,随着恢复演替正向进行,彩叶林将面临退化消失的风险。因此,在彩叶林管理中需要加强对混交林类型彩叶林的动态监测,同时可考虑适当人工干预将彩叶林维持在最有利于观赏游憩的演替阶段。

关键词: 景观分布格局, 亚高山彩叶林, 演替, 地形因子, 川西

Abstract:

The color-leaved forests (CLFs) are an important part of the subalpine forests, and they are valuable aesthetic resources that offer various essential ecosystem services. These forests play a key role in regional ecotourism and economic development in western Sichuan, China. The study on the distribution pattern of CLFs and their relationship with topographic factors can provide the requisite information for effective planning, protection, and utilization of tourism resources for the subalpine CLFs. We investigated the distribution of CLFs in 2000 m buffer zones along the 317 national roads of Li County in western Sichuan, and a map of forest landscapes was created using field data. The influence of topographical factors on the distribution pattern of the CLFs was examined with the assistance of layer overlapping analysis and the digital elevation model (DEM). The process of vegetation succession was opted to analyze the landscape pattern dynamics within these forests. The findings revealed the following: (1) The CLFs accounted for 49.6% of the total forest landscape area in the study region and were divided into eighteen types. (2) Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) confirmed that altitude and following by aspect were the primary environmental factors affecting the distribution of CLFs. (3) These forests were dominated by evergreen-deciduous mixed forests, followed by deciduous broad-leaved forests and shrubby jungles. With the advancement of vegetation succession, the CLFs could face the risk of degradation and disappearance. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the landscape dynamics of CLFs to ensure their sustainability. Adopting appropriate artificial interference is conducive to maintaining the CLFs in the most optimum succession stage of viewing and recreation.

Key words: landscape distribution pattern, subalpine color-leaved forests, succession, topographical factors, western Sichuan

中图分类号:

李巧玉, 张小晶, 陈娟, 刘媛, 刘锦春, 陶建平. 川西亚高山彩叶林景观分布格局及其地形影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1581-1588.

LI Qiaoyu, ZHANG Xiaojing, CHEN Juan, LIU Yuan, LIU Jinchun, TAO Jianping. Landscape Distribution Pattern of Subalpine Color-leaved Forests and the Influence of Topographic Factors in Western Sichuan[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1581-1588.

图/表 9

参考文献 34

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代码 Code	景观类型 Landscape type
T1	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest
T2	糙皮桦林 Betula utilis forest
T3	川梣林 Fraxinus sargentiana forest
T4	川滇柳林 Salix rehderiana forest
T5	川滇长尾槭林 Acer caudatum forest
T6	川陕鹅耳枥林 Carpinus fargesiana forest
T7	红麸杨林 Rhus punjabensis forest
T8	槲栎林 Quercus aliena forest
T9	陕甘花楸林 Sorbus koehneana forest
T10	黄栌林 Cotinus coggygria forest
T11	亮叶桦林 B. luminifera forest
T12	日本落叶松林 Larix kaempferi forest
T13	青麸杨林 Rhus potaninii forest
T14	青榨槭林 Acer davidii forest
T15	山杨林 Populus davidiana forest
T16	四川红杉林 Larix mastersiana forest
T17	五裂槭林 Acer oliverianum forest
T18	响叶杨林 Populus adenopoda forest
T19	非彩叶林 Non color-leaved forest
T20	非林地 Non forest

代码 Code	景观类型 Landscape type
T1	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest
T2	糙皮桦林 Betula utilis forest
T3	川梣林 Fraxinus sargentiana forest
T4	川滇柳林 Salix rehderiana forest
T5	川滇长尾槭林 Acer caudatum forest
T6	川陕鹅耳枥林 Carpinus fargesiana forest
T7	红麸杨林 Rhus punjabensis forest
T8	槲栎林 Quercus aliena forest
T9	陕甘花楸林 Sorbus koehneana forest
T10	黄栌林 Cotinus coggygria forest
T11	亮叶桦林 B. luminifera forest
T12	日本落叶松林 Larix kaempferi forest
T13	青麸杨林 Rhus potaninii forest
T14	青榨槭林 Acer davidii forest
T15	山杨林 Populus davidiana forest
T16	四川红杉林 Larix mastersiana forest
T17	五裂槭林 Acer oliverianum forest
T18	响叶杨林 Populus adenopoda forest
T19	非彩叶林 Non color-leaved forest
T20	非林地 Non forest

Level	LT	NP	PD	TPA	MPA	MSI	MFRPAC	MENN	AI
Class level	T1	72	0.24	3251.79	45.16	1.58	1.07	0.39	94.13
	T2	27	0.09	3958.92	146.63	1.75	1.08	0.72	96.06
	T3	2	0.01	5.58	2.79	1.33	1.06	3.42	88.89
	T4	13	0.04	27.99	2.15	1.54	1.08	0.62	70.14
	T5	21	0.07	131.49	6.26	1.34	1.06	0.42	88.26
	T6	4	0.01	29.34	7.34	1.21	1.04	0.39	91.54
	T7	5	0.02	5.76	1.15	1.18	1.05	0.23	75
	T8	3	0.01	47.79	15.93	1.24	1.04	0.27	95.07
	T9	18	0.06	100.89	5.61	1.41	1.07	2.11	84.92
	T10	76	0.26	1287.99	16.95	1.44	1.06	0.31	91.1
	T11	2	0.01	62.91	31.46	1.36	1.06	0.06	96.95
	T12	64	0.22	235.71	3.68	1.28	1.05	0.43	82.9
	T13	2	0.01	7.56	3.78	1.18	1.04	1.06	92.62
	T14	79	0.27	2505.42	31.71	1.52	1.07	0.24	93.43
	T15	3	0.01	55.89	18.63	1.39	1.06	6.56	94.71
	T16	16	0.05	65.61	4.1	1.38	1.07	1.53	83.05
	T17	42	0.14	524.88	12.5	1.43	1.07	0.69	90.3
	T18	2	0.01	23.13	11.57	1.24	1.04	0.42	95.43
	T19	115	0.39	12530.07	108.96	1.8	1.08	0.17	95.27
	T20	75	0.25	4618.17	61.58	2.12	1.09	0.19	89.97
Landscape level	TC	451	3.66	12317.67	27.31	1.46	1.07	0.58	93.65
Landscape level	TT	641	2.17	29476.89	45.99	1.6	1.07	0.46	93.77

Level	LT	NP	PD	TPA	MPA	MSI	MFRPAC	MENN	AI
Class level	T1	72	0.24	3251.79	45.16	1.58	1.07	0.39	94.13
	T2	27	0.09	3958.92	146.63	1.75	1.08	0.72	96.06
	T3	2	0.01	5.58	2.79	1.33	1.06	3.42	88.89
	T4	13	0.04	27.99	2.15	1.54	1.08	0.62	70.14
	T5	21	0.07	131.49	6.26	1.34	1.06	0.42	88.26
	T6	4	0.01	29.34	7.34	1.21	1.04	0.39	91.54
	T7	5	0.02	5.76	1.15	1.18	1.05	0.23	75
	T8	3	0.01	47.79	15.93	1.24	1.04	0.27	95.07
	T9	18	0.06	100.89	5.61	1.41	1.07	2.11	84.92
	T10	76	0.26	1287.99	16.95	1.44	1.06	0.31	91.1
	T11	2	0.01	62.91	31.46	1.36	1.06	0.06	96.95
	T12	64	0.22	235.71	3.68	1.28	1.05	0.43	82.9
	T13	2	0.01	7.56	3.78	1.18	1.04	1.06	92.62
	T14	79	0.27	2505.42	31.71	1.52	1.07	0.24	93.43
	T15	3	0.01	55.89	18.63	1.39	1.06	6.56	94.71
	T16	16	0.05	65.61	4.1	1.38	1.07	1.53	83.05
	T17	42	0.14	524.88	12.5	1.43	1.07	0.69	90.3
	T18	2	0.01	23.13	11.57	1.24	1.04	0.42	95.43
	T19	115	0.39	12530.07	108.96	1.8	1.08	0.17	95.27
	T20	75	0.25	4618.17	61.58	2.12	1.09	0.19	89.97
Landscape level	TC	451	3.66	12317.67	27.31	1.46	1.07	0.58	93.65
Landscape level	TT	641	2.17	29476.89	45.99	1.6	1.07	0.46	93.77

地形因子 Topographical factors	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	轴3 Axis 3	轴4 Axis 4	解释度 Explain/%
海拔 Altitude	0.917	0.051	-0.034	0.000	20.4
坡度 Slope	-0.114	-0.123	-0.297	0.000	4.5
坡向 Aspect	-0.057	0.718	-0.028	0.000	1.0
CCA排序概要 Summary of CCA ordination	轴1 Axis 1	轴2 Axis 2	轴3 Axis 3	轴4 Axis 4
物种-环境相关 Species-environment correlations	0.925	0.723	0.304	0.000
物种环境关系的方差累积比例 Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation/%	80.4	97.8	100.0	0.0
所有典范轴的显著性检验 Test of significance of all canonical axes					P=0.002

川西亚高山彩叶林景观分布格局及其地形影响研究

Landscape Distribution Pattern of Subalpine Color-leaved Forests and the Influence of Topographic Factors in Western Sichuan

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