雄安新区“三生空间”耦合协调评估及生态安全格局优化

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.015

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1816-1826.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.015

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇

雄安新区“三生空间”耦合协调评估及生态安全格局优化

杨金礼¹^,²(), 吴洋洋²^,³, 李思亮³, 袁佳², 郭纯子³^,⁴^,^*(), 杨晓东¹^,⁵, 施政华¹^,², 谢松池²^,⁶, 罗黄婷²^,⁶, 张翠²^,⁶, 顾雪梅²^,⁶, 罗光杰²^,⁶

1.新疆大学生态与环境学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.贵州师范学院贵州省流域地理国情监测重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550018
3.天津大学地球系统科学学院，天津 300072
4.生态环境部海河流域北海海域生态环境监督管理局，天津 300211
5.宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系，浙江宁波 315211
6.贵州师范学院贵州省乡村振兴研究院，贵州贵阳 550018

收稿日期:2024-05-30 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: *郭纯子。E-mail: guochunzi@hhbhjg.mee.gov.cn
*郭纯子。E-mail: guochunzi@hhbhjg.mee.gov.cn
*郭纯子。E-mail: guochunzi@hhbhjg.mee.gov.cn
*郭纯子。E-mail: guochunzi@hhbhjg.mee.gov.cn
作者简介:杨金礼（1998年生），男（苗族），硕士研究生，研究方向为区域生态学。E-mail: jinliyang@stu.xju.edu.cn
基金资助:
贵州省省级科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般228);贵州省省级科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2022]一般334);贵州省省级科技计划项目(黔科中引地[2022]4031);贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究基地重点项目(黔教合[2023]23RWJD182);贵州省高等学校数字乡村创新团队(黔教技[2023]076);贵州省高等学校遥感卫星人工智能应用工程研究中心(黔教技[2023]039)

Assessing the Coupling and Coordination of ‘Production-Living-Ecological’ Spaces in Xiong’an New Area: Towards an Optimized Ecological Security Pattern

YANG Jinli¹^,²(), WU Yangyang²^,³, LI Siliang³, YUAN Jia², GUO Chunzi³^,⁴^,^*(), YANG Xiaodong¹^,⁵, SHI Zhenghua¹^,², XIE Songchi²^,⁶, LUO Huangting²^,⁶, ZHANG Cui²^,⁶, GU Xuemei²^,⁶, LUO Guangjie²^,⁶

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
2. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China
3. School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
4. Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People’s Republic of China, Tianjin 300061, P. R. China
5. Department of Geography and Space Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
6. Guizhou Provincial Institute of Rural Revitalization, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-30 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2024-12-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为中国国家战略层面的首个高标准、高质量、新理念的“智慧未来之城”，雄安新区三生空间生态安全格局的合理优化是实现区域可持续发展的基本前提。基于雄安新区2012、2017、2022年的三期土地利用类型数据，通过构建“三生空间”评价体系，采用熵值法与耦合协调模型对区域建设前后的耦合协调发展水平进行了分析，并利用形态学空间格局分析识别了雄安新区的重要生态源地，最后通过最小累积阻力模型构建并优化了区域生态安全格局。结果表明，1）雄安新区生产空间逐渐减少以及生态空间和生活空间逐渐增加；生产空间从2012年的69.2%下降到2022年的57.6%，而生态空间和生活空间分别总增长44.8%与29.7%。2）在2012、2017、2022年三生空间耦合协调度的空间分布差异不显著，空间面积不断提升；以安新县的白洋淀区域的耦合协调度最高。3）雄安新区的生态源地斑块数量和面积及其生态廊道在白洋淀生态核心区呈现出逐渐增长特征。生态保护区域则以白洋淀区域为主体，河道为纽带，城镇绿地为卫星点面的格局。在生态安全格局优化方面，雄安新区的安新县以生态保护为主，而雄县和容城县则需要提升生态质量；三条生态修复线突出了河道生态保护与修复的重要性。在绿色生态宜居“智慧未来之城”的目标指引下，该优化策略不仅在宏观层面上保护了以白洋淀为核心的区域生态安全，而且在微观层面上为未来三生空间的耦合协调发展提供了指导，也为区域的生态系统服务、生物多样性和可持续发展提供坚实的生态基础。

关键词: 白洋淀, 最小累积阻力模型, 生态廊道, 生态安全网络, 土地利用变化

Abstract:

As China’s first high-standard, high-quality, and innovative “Smart Future City” at the national strategic level, the rational optimization of the ecological security pattern of the “production-living-ecological” in Xiong’an New Area is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable regional development. Based on land-use type data from the three main counties of Xiong’an New Area for the years 2012, 2017, and 2022, by constructing an evaluation system for the “production-living-ecological space”, the entropy method and coupling coordination model were used to analyze the level of coupling coordination development before and after regional construction. Morphological spatial pattern analysis was used to identify important ecological source areas in Xiong’an New Area. Finally, a regional ecological security pattern was constructed and optimized using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The results indicated the following: 1) a gradual decrease in production space and a corresponding increase in ecological and living spaces in Xiong’an New Area. Production space decreased from 69.2% in 2012 to 57.6% in 2022, while ecological and living spaces increased by 44.8% and 29.7%, respectively. 2) The spatial distribution of the degree of coupling and coordination of the production-living-ecological in 2012, 2017, and 2022 showed no significant differences, with a continuous increase in the spatial area. The highest degree of coupling and coordination was observed in the Baiyangdian area of Anxin County, China. 3) The number and area of ecological source patches and their ecological corridors in Xiong’an New Area are gradually increasing in the ecological core area of Baiyangdian. The ecological protection area was mainly based on the Baiyangdian area, with rivers as links and urban green spaces as satellite points. In terms of optimizing the ecological security pattern, Anxin County in Xiong’an New Area focuses on ecological protection, while Xiong County and Rongcheng County need to improve their ecological quality, the three ecological restoration lines highlight the importance of river ecological protection and restoration. Guided by the goal of building a green, ecological, and livable “Smart Future City” this optimization strategy not only protects the regional ecological security with Baiyangdian at its core on a macro level, but also provides practical guidance for the future coupling and coordinated development of the production-living-ecological on a micro level, and it also provides a solid ecological foundation for regional ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable development.

Key words: Baiyangdian, minimum cumulative resistance model, ecological corridor, ecological security network, land use change

中图分类号:

Q148
X171.4

杨金礼, 吴洋洋, 李思亮, 袁佳, 郭纯子, 杨晓东, 施政华, 谢松池, 罗黄婷, 张翠, 顾雪梅, 罗光杰. 雄安新区“三生空间”耦合协调评估及生态安全格局优化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(11): 1816-1826.

YANG Jinli, WU Yangyang, LI Siliang, YUAN Jia, GUO Chunzi, YANG Xiaodong, SHI Zhenghua, XIE Songchi, LUO Huangting, ZHANG Cui, GU Xuemei, LUO Guangjie. Assessing the Coupling and Coordination of ‘Production-Living-Ecological’ Spaces in Xiong’an New Area: Towards an Optimized Ecological Security Pattern[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1816-1826.

图/表 8

图1 雄安新区概况图

Figure 1 Overview of Xiong’an New Area

表1 雄安新区“三生空间”系统耦合效应评价指标体系

Table 1 Evaluation index system for the coupling effect of the “three living spaces” system in Xiong’an New Area

系统	子系统	评价指标	单位	指标属性	权重/%
生产功能	经济水平	人均GDP	元	+	5.044
	经济水平	规模以上工业企业个数	个	+	3.910
	产业结构	粮食产量	吨	+	7.408
		第二产业比重	元	+	3.868
		第三产业比重	元	+	7.051
生活功能	生活保障	固定电话用户	户	+	6.038
	生活保障	人均储蓄存款余额	元	+	18.919
	福利保障	中、小学在校学生人数	人	+	5.005
	福利保障	医院、卫生院床位数	张	+	5.215
生态功能	生态净化功能	污水处理率	%	+	2.426
		生活垃圾无害化处理率	%	+	3.545
		入白洋淀重要河流断面水质	‒	+	19.051
	生态供给功能	人均绿地面积	m²	+	5.805
	生态供给功能	人均水体面积	m²	+	7.445

表2 三生系统耦合协调度等级分类及其划分标准

Table 2 Classification and classification criteria for the coupling coordination degree of the three biological systems

耦合协调等级	低度耦合协调			中度耦合协调			高度耦合协调		极度耦合协调
	0.000≤D<0.300			0.300≤D<0.500			0.500≤D<0.800		0.800≤D<1.000
	较低	一般	高	较低	一般	高	一般	高	较低	高
耦合协调水平	0.000－ 0.099	0.100－ 0.199	0.200－ 0.299	0.300－ 0.399	0.400－ 0.499	0.500－ 0.599	0.600－ 0.699	0.700－ 0.799	0.800－ 0.899	0.900－ 0.999

图2 2012、2017、2022年雄安新区“三生空间”分布特征

Figure 2 Distribution characteristics of the “production-living-ecological space” in Xiong’an New Area in 2012, 2017 and 2022

图3 雄安新区耦合协调度特征。

Figure 3 Characteristics of coupling coordination degree in Xiong’an New Area

图4 2012、2017、2022年雄安新区“三生空间”耦合协调度空间分布特征

Figure 4 Spatial distribution characteristics of the coupling coordination degree of “production living ecological space” in Xiong’an New Area in 2012, 2017 and 2022

图5 2012－2022年雄安新区的生态源地、生态廊道空间分布特征

Figure 5 Spatial distribution of ecological source areas and ecological corridors in Xiong’an New Area from 2012 to 2022

图6 雄安新区的生态安全格局优化

Figure 6 Ecological security pattern optimization of Xiong’an New Area

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雄安新区“三生空间”耦合协调评估及生态安全格局优化

Assessing the Coupling and Coordination of ‘Production-Living-Ecological’ Spaces in Xiong’an New Area: Towards an Optimized Ecological Security Pattern

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