基于土地利用变化的生态廊道识别和建设成本研究——以南京东郊地区为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 277-285.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.008

基于土地利用变化的生态廊道识别和建设成本研究——以南京东郊地区为例

李平星¹^,²^,^*(), 邹露¹^,²

1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京 210008
2.中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2021-08-13 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *
作者简介:李平星（1982年生）,男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为区域发展与生态环境效应。E-mail: pxli@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871209);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1100101)

Identification and Construction Cost of Ecological Corridors Based on Land Use Change: The Case of Eastern Suburb Nanjing

LI Pingxing¹^,²^,^*(), ZOU Lu¹^,²

1. Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-13 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快速城市化和土地利用变化带来景观破碎化、连通性下降等问题,对生物多样性保护和生态网络建设带来严重威胁。保护已有的重要生态空间,并对部分非生态空间进行调整,进而构建连通性较高的生态廊道,是促进生态网络建设和保障区域可持续发展的重要手段。以南京东郊紫金山-青龙山地区为案例,通过最小累积阻力模型模拟潜在生态过程,揭示2000年和2015年两条生态廊道的位置、走向及其变化,分析廊道内土地利用变化格局,从土地利用调整的角度,核算生态廊道建设费用。结果表明,2000年和2015年生态廊道位置和走向变化明显,由紫金山和青龙山两个生态斑块的北部向南部地区转移,耕地、林地向城镇用地转变是导致生态廊道位置和走向变化的主要原因。2000年廊道内城镇用地扩张明显,占用大量耕地和林地,而2015年廊道内水域、林地等生态空间占比较大,土地利用结构较为稳定,更适宜作为当前的优选生态廊道。受建设用地增长等因素影响,从2000—2015年,通过土地利用调整构建连续性生态廊道的成本显著增加,2000年生态廊道的成本增长较2015年生态廊道更为显著,表明2015年生态廊道更适宜作为当前生态廊道构建的空间载体。随着生态廊道宽度的增加,其建设成本显著提高,200 m宽的生态廊道兼具生态保护的适宜性和土地利用调整的经济合理性,可作为生态廊道建设的主要空间范围。研究揭示了区域生态廊道的变化和成因,确定了具有较高适宜性的优选生态廊道,从土地利用调整的视角核算了生态廊道建设的成本,为促进高度城市化地区生态保护和可持续发展提供了参考。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 生态过程, 生态廊道, 宽度, 最小累积阻力模型, 城市化地区

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization and land use changes have exaggerated landscape fragmentation and decreased landscape connectivity significantly, causing serious threats to biodiversity conservation and ecological network construction. Protecting the existing important ecological space and adjusting some non-ecological spaces to build ecological corridors is an important means to promote ecological network construction and ensure regional sustainable development. Based on a widely adopted Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model, we identified the ecological corridors in 2000 and 2015 between two landscape patches, the. Zijin Mt. and Qinglong Mt. area, in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing and compared their locations and directions based on the land use data. From the perspective of land use adjustment, the cost of ecological corridor construction is calculated. The results showed that the locations and directions of the ecological corridor changed significantly from north to south in 2000 and 2015 respectively because of the transformation of crop lands and forests to urban lands. The 2000 corridor had been highly urbanized after 2000, while the 2015 corridor was ecologically stable together with a high proportion of ecological lands. From 2000 to 2015, the total cost of ecological corridor construction increased significantly, and the increase of the 2015 corridor was relatively lower than that of the 2000 corridor. It indicated that the 2015 corridor is currently the preferred path to connect the Zijin Mt. and Qinglong Mt. As the width of ecological corridor increases, its construction cost grows significantly. The 200-meter-wide corridor was of both high suitability of ecological protection and economic rationality of land use adjustment, and can be defined as the main spatial scope of ecological corridor construction. This paper identified the changes and causes of regional ecological corridors, determined the preferred ecological corridors with high ecological suitability and economic rationality, and estimated the cost of ecological corridor construction. These findings were expected to provide applicable information to ecological protection in and sustainable development of highly urbanized areas.

Key words: land use change, ecological process, ecological corridor, width, minimum cumulative resistance model, urbanized area

中图分类号:

X171.4

李平星, 邹露. 基于土地利用变化的生态廊道识别和建设成本研究——以南京东郊地区为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 277-285.

LI Pingxing, ZOU Lu. Identification and Construction Cost of Ecological Corridors Based on Land Use Change: The Case of Eastern Suburb Nanjing[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 277-285.

图/表 10

参考文献 35

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2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	2000年土地利用 Land use in 2010/hm²
2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	耕地 Crop land	林地 Forest	水域 Waters	城镇用地 Urban land	农村居民点 Rural settlement	独立工矿 IIML	2015年小计 2015 total	2000—2015年土地利用变化 Land use changes
耕地 Crop land	384.59	0.11	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.00	384.74	-936.41
林地 Forest	53.83	1265.29	0.06	0.00	2.08	1.97	1323.24	-330.13
水域 Waters	0.01	0.00	16.65	0.00	0.00	0.00	16.66	-137.41
城镇用地 Urban land	882.68	333.10	137.35	4.48	580.28	30.62	1968.52	1964.04
农村居民点 Rural settlement	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.00	30.20	0.00	30.24	-589.91
独立工矿 IIML	0.00	54.86	0.00	0.00	7.55	9.56	71.97	29.82
2000年小计 2000 total	1321.15	1653.37	154.07	4.48	620.15	42.15	3795.37	—

2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	2000年土地利用 Land use in 2010/hm²
2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	耕地 Crop land	林地 Forest	水域 Waters	城镇用地 Urban land	农村居民点 Rural settlement	独立工矿 IIML	2015年小计 2015 total	2000—2015年土地利用变化 Land use changes
耕地 Crop land	384.59	0.11	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.00	384.74	-936.41
林地 Forest	53.83	1265.29	0.06	0.00	2.08	1.97	1323.24	-330.13
水域 Waters	0.01	0.00	16.65	0.00	0.00	0.00	16.66	-137.41
城镇用地 Urban land	882.68	333.10	137.35	4.48	580.28	30.62	1968.52	1964.04
农村居民点 Rural settlement	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.00	30.20	0.00	30.24	-589.91
独立工矿 IIML	0.00	54.86	0.00	0.00	7.55	9.56	71.97	29.82
2000年小计 2000 total	1321.15	1653.37	154.07	4.48	620.15	42.15	3795.37	—

2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	2000年土地利用 Land use in 2000/hm²
2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	耕地 Crop land	林地 Forest	水域 Waters	城镇用地 Urban land	农村居民点 Rural settlement	独立工矿 IIML	2015年小计 Total in 2015	2000—2015年土地利用变化 Land use changes
耕地 Crop land	637.92	4.01	9.99	0.00	0.09	0.00	652.02	-512.53
林地 Forest	0.10	413.09	0.03	0.00	0.05	0.01	413.28	-112.00
水域 Waters	0.00	0.00	940.96	0.00	0.00	0.00	940.96	-51.25
城镇用地 Urban land	496.09	108.11	41.17	1012.97	83.22	1.23	1742.80	729.83
农村居民点 Rural settlement	12.44	0.06	0.04	0.00	168.92	0.00	181.47	-70.82
独立工矿 IIML	17.98	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	4.42	22.45	16.78
2000年小计 Total in 2000	1164.55	525.29	992.22	1012.97	252.29	5.67	3952.99	—

2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	2000年土地利用 Land use in 2000/hm²
2015年土地利用 Land use in 2015/hm²	耕地 Crop land	林地 Forest	水域 Waters	城镇用地 Urban land	农村居民点 Rural settlement	独立工矿 IIML	2015年小计 Total in 2015	2000—2015年土地利用变化 Land use changes
耕地 Crop land	637.92	4.01	9.99	0.00	0.09	0.00	652.02	-512.53
林地 Forest	0.10	413.09	0.03	0.00	0.05	0.01	413.28	-112.00
水域 Waters	0.00	0.00	940.96	0.00	0.00	0.00	940.96	-51.25
城镇用地 Urban land	496.09	108.11	41.17	1012.97	83.22	1.23	1742.80	729.83
农村居民点 Rural settlement	12.44	0.06	0.04	0.00	168.92	0.00	181.47	-70.82
独立工矿 IIML	17.98	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	4.42	22.45	16.78
2000年小计 Total in 2000	1164.55	525.29	992.22	1012.97	252.29	5.67	3952.99	—

需调整地类 Adjusted land use type	2000年廊道 2000 corridor (10⁸ Yuan)		2015年廊道 2015 corridor (10⁸ Yuan)
需调整地类 Adjusted land use type	根据2000年用地 Land use in 2000	根据2015年用地 Land use in 2015	根据2000年用地 Land use in 2000	根据2015年用地 Land use in 2015
耕地 Crop land	21.17	5.13	19.95	11.17
城镇用地 Urban land	7.31	3212.45	1653.08	2844.10
农村居民点 Rural settlement	93.02	4.54	37.84	27.22
独立工矿 IIML	6.25	10.67	0.84	3.33
合计 Total	127.75	3232.79	1711.72	2885.82

基于土地利用变化的生态廊道识别和建设成本研究——以南京东郊地区为例

Identification and Construction Cost of Ecological Corridors Based on Land Use Change: The Case of Eastern Suburb Nanjing

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缓冲区 Buffer/m	耕地 Crop land/(10⁸ Yuan)	城镇用地 Urban land/(10⁸ Yuan)	农村居民点 Rural settlement/(10⁸ Yuan)	独立工矿 IIML/(10⁸ Yuan)	合计 Total/(10⁸ Yuan)	占总体廊道建设费用的比例 Proportion of total cost/%
0‒100	0.54	58.12	0.31	0.00	58.97	2.04
100‒200	1.17	172.2	1.07	0.04	174.49	6.05
200‒300	1.07	211.73	1.86	0.15	214.81	7.44
300‒400	1.05	250.78	2.41	0.26	254.50	8.82
400‒500	1.10	295.37	3.11	0.35	299.93	10.39
500‒600	1.24	329.55	3.24	0.27	334.30	11.58
600‒700	1.14	338.25	3.39	0.35	343.13	11.89
700‒800	1.20	350.74	3.49	0.52	355.95	12.33
800‒900	1.23	383.90	3.81	0.67	389.61	13.50
900‒1000	1.43	453.46	4.53	0.71	460.13	15.94
全部 Total	11.17	2844.1	27.22	3.33	2885.82	100.00

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