凋落物C/N对土壤有机碳矿化的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1686-1695.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.003

凋落物C/N对土壤有机碳矿化的影响

李天(), 苗淑杰, 余洁, 赵玉蝶, 乔云发^*()

南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院，江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: *乔云发。E-mail: qiaoyunfa@163.com
作者简介:李天（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，从事土壤碳周转研究。E-mail: leetian1999@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177279);国家自然科学基金项目(42130506);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022425)

The Influence of Litter C/N Ratios on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization

LI Tian(), MIAO Shujie, YU Jie, ZHAO Yudie, QIAO Yunfa^*()

School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China

Received:2024-08-17 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2024-12-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物输入会影响土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化过程，其影响程度主要受凋落物C/N、土壤肥力和温度条件的影响，然而，这三因素的综合影响仍不清楚。以低肥力土壤（LF）和高肥力土壤（HF）为研究对象，分别添加7种不同C/N的凋落物，并设置培养温度为23 ℃和33 ℃，进行恒温避光培养，期间动态监测CO₂排放的变化，以揭示SOC矿化过程应对三因子的响应机制。结果显示，凋落物添加显著增加CO₂峰值排放速率，且与C/N>30的凋落物相比，添加C/N<30的凋落物对CO₂的峰值排放速率的促进作用更显著。CO₂峰值排放速率同时受土壤肥力和培养温度影响，HF-33 ℃条件下的CO₂峰值排放速率最高。添加C/N<30的凋落物显著增加了CO₂累积排放量，在LF-23 ℃、LF-33 ℃、HF-23 ℃和HF-33 ℃条件下，最大增幅分别为407%、304%、345%和160%。相关分析显示，SOC矿化率与凋落物C/N间呈负相关关系，这说明低质量凋落物会抑制SOC矿化。在LF-23 ℃、LF-33 ℃、HF-23 ℃和HF-33 ℃处理下，与凋落物C/N最低的CN1相比，添加C/N最高的CN7后，SOC矿化率的降幅分别达3.53、3.04、1.71和2.06倍。土壤肥力影响SOC矿化，HF的SOC矿化率较LF高1.29－2.66倍。培养温度对SOC矿化的影响在HF中表现出显著差异，与CK相比，在HF中添加凋落物显著降低了SOC矿化温度敏感性（Q₁₀）。综合PLS-PM模型可知，SOC矿化是凋落物C/N、土壤肥力和培养温度综合作用的结果。其中，凋落物的C/N比对SOC矿化产生显著的负效应，土壤肥力则对SOC矿化产生主要的正效应，而温度的正效应则相对较小。研究结果有助于进一步理解不同土壤肥力和温度背景下，C/N不同的外源有机物输入对SOC矿化的影响及其背后的综合效应。

关键词: 凋落物输入, 凋落物碳氮比, 有机碳矿化, CO₂释放速率, 室内培养, 温度敏感性

Abstract:

Litter input influences the soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization process, with its effect primarily governed by litter C/N, soil fertility, and temperature conditions. However, the combined impact of these three factors remains unclear. This study used low-fertility soil (LF) and high-fertility soil (HF), adding seven different C/N ratio litters and setting incubation temperatures of 23 ℃ and 33 ℃, with constant temperature and no light exposure. CO₂ emissions were dynamically monitored to investigate how SOC mineralization responds to the three factors. Results showed that litter addition significantly increased peak CO₂ emission rates, and litter with a C/N ratio less than 30 had a more pronounced effect on peak CO₂ emission rates compared to litter with a C/N ratio greater than 30. The peak CO₂ emission rate was also affected by soil fertility and incubation temperature, with the highest peak CO₂ emission rate observed under the HF-33 ℃ condition. Litter with a C/N ratio below 30 significantly increased cumulative CO₂ emissions, with maximum increases of 407%, 304%, 345% and 160% under LF-23 ℃, LF-33 ℃, HF-23 ℃ and HF-33 ℃ conditions, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between SOC mineralization rate and litter C/N ratio, suggesting that lower-quality litter inhibits SOC mineralization. Under LF-23 ℃, LF-33 ℃, HF-23 ℃ and HF-33 ℃ conditions, compared to litter with the lowest C/N ratio (CN1), adding litter with the highest C/N ratio (CN7) reduced SOC mineralization rates by 3.53, 3.04, 1.71 and 2.06 times, respectively. Soil fertility influenced SOC mineralization, with the SOC mineralization rate in HF being 1.29 to 2.66 times higher than in LF. The effect of incubation temperature on SOC mineralization showed significant differences in HF, and compared to the CK, litter addition in HF significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of SOC mineralization. Using the PLS-PM model, the study concluded that SOC mineralization results from the combined effects of litter C/N, soil fertility, and incubation temperature. Specifically, the litter C/N ratio exerted a significant negative effect on SOC mineralization, while soil fertility had a major positive effect, and the effect of temperature was relatively minor. The results contribute to a better understanding of how the input of exogenous organic matter with different C/N ratios affects SOC mineralization under various soil fertility and temperature conditions, as well as the underlying combined effects.

Key words: litter input, litter C/N ratio, organic carbon mineralization, CO₂ release rate, indoor cultivation, temperature sensitivity

中图分类号:

李天, 苗淑杰, 余洁, 赵玉蝶, 乔云发. 凋落物C/N对土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(11): 1686-1695.

LI Tian, MIAO Shujie, YU Jie, ZHAO Yudie, QIAO Yunfa. The Influence of Litter C/N Ratios on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1686-1695.

图/表 8

表1 低肥力土和高肥力土基本理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of low- and high-fertility soils

土壤	pH	土壤有机碳质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	土壤全磷质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	碳氮比
低肥力土 (LF)	5.35±0.01a	23.39±0.27b	2.53±0.04b	0.82±0.03b	9.25±0.05a
高肥力土 (HF)	5.28±0.01a	41.46±0.85a	4.42±0.05a	1.01±0.00a	9.38±0.15a

表2 凋落物的基本理化性质

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of litters

编号	凋落物种类	碳质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	氮质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	磷质量分数/(g·kg^-1)	碳氮比
CN1	水稻地上部 Shoot of Oryza sativa L.	293.70±2.54c	25.19±0.19a	2.97±0.19a	11.66±0.17e
CN2	水稻根 Root of Oryza sativa L.	261.07±5.79d	16.24±0.12c	2.56±0.06b	16.08±0.34d
CN3	小麦地上部 Shoot of Triticum aestivum L.	355.33±1.73b	19.92±0.17b	1.87±0.03c	17.85±0.22d
CN4	小麦根 Root of Triticum aestivum L.	332.74±4.90b	13.36±0.46d	0.71±0.01e	24.99±1.25c
CN5	山油柑 Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.	337.81±7.10b	12.16±0.07e	2.35±0.11b	27.77±0.53c
CN6	厚壳桂 Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl.	418.44±3.20a	11.69±0.21e	1.27±0.01d	35.81±0.87b
CN7	木荷 Schima superba Gardner & Champ.	399.36±6.52a	9.47±0.04f	1.17±0.04d	42.15±0.50a

图1 不同C/N凋落物添加对土壤CO2排放速率随时间变化情况 CN1：水稻地上部；CN2：水稻根；CN3：小麦地上部；CN4：小麦根；CN5：山油柑；CN6：厚壳桂；CN7：木荷；CK：对照。LF：低肥力土；HF：高肥力土。下同

Figure 1 Soil CO2 emission rate with time after different C/N ratio litters addition

图2 不同C/N凋落物添加后CO2累积排放量随时间的变化垂直线段表示实验结束时（42 d）不同处理间LSD值。下同

Figure 2 Effects of different C/N ratio litters additions on the dynamics values of cumulative mineralization of SOC

图3 凋落物C/N对凋落物矿化率和SOC矿化率的影响

Figure 3 Effects of different C/N ratio litters additions on the mineralization rate of litters and SOC

图4 凋落物C/N与凋落物矿化率和SOC矿化率的相关性分析

Figure 4 Relationships between C/N ratio and mineralization rate of litters and mineralization rate of SOC

图5 不同C/N凋落物添加对SOC矿化温度敏感性（Q10）动态的影响

Figure 5 Effects of different C/N ratio litters additions on the dynamic values of Q10 of SOC

图6 SOC矿化率的偏最小二乘路径模型箭头圆圈内的数值代表路径系数，圆圈大小或箭头粗细表示相关性的强弱。黑色实线箭头表示正相关，黑色虚线箭头表示负相关（p<0.05）；灰色箭头表示关系不显著（p>0.05）。Goodness of Fit表示该模型的拟合程度，Goodness of Fit>0.8表示拟合程度好

Figure 6 PLS Path model of SOC mineralization rate

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凋落物C/N对土壤有机碳矿化的影响

The Influence of Litter C/N Ratios on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization

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