基于多场耦合有限元的天福庙水库清淤过程污染物磷释放行为研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1438-1450.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.011

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

基于多场耦合有限元的天福庙水库清淤过程污染物磷释放行为研究

温珊¹(), 邢思奇¹^,², 肖宇翔¹, 刘云¹, 吴旭¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.湖北华德莱节能减排科技有限公司，湖北武汉 430223
3.长江流域多介质污染协同控制湖北省重点实验室/华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院，湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2024-05-09 出版日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2024-10-18
通讯作者: ^*吴旭。E-mail: profxuwu@hust.edu.cn
作者简介:温珊（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事水环境治理研究。E-mail: 2993626430@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202700)

Study on Pollutant Phosphorus Release Behavior during Dredging Process of Tianfumiao Reservoir Based on Multi-field Coupling Finite Element Method

WEN Shan¹(), XING Siqi¹^,², XIAO Yuxiang¹, LIU Yun¹, WU Xu¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
2. Hubei HuaDeLai Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430223, P. R. China
3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin/School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-09 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2024-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天福庙水库处于黄柏河流域东支，是宜昌市嫘祖镇的水源地，受周边磷矿开采的影响，2015年以来水库水环境质量不断恶化，为此宜昌市政府对天福庙库区河道实施了生态环保清淤工程。实施过程中发现，清淤船作业时清淤设备吸头会对周边水体及底泥造成扰动，进而可能会对水库水体造成二次污染。为了探究清淤过程导致的底泥沉积物扰动情况，利用COMSOL Multiphysics中的层流和稀物质传递等模块建立水库底泥污染物磷释放模型，基于天福庙水库水质和清淤设备的属性数据，以及前人总结的经验值，模拟清淤扰动过程中不同清淤时间和不同水平扰动范围下底泥的扩散速度分布特征，以及水库底泥和孔隙水中的磷污染物的释放规律，并进一步通过实地模拟底泥扰动实验验证模型可靠性。模拟和实验结果表明：当清淤扰动时间不断增加，底泥及其所含的污染物会逐渐向水面扩散，扩散速度和污染物浓度会随时间的推移而不断增大；在同一清淤扰动时间下，再悬浮液和磷污染物的纵向扩散受水平扰动范围的影响明显，水平扰动范围越大，底泥向水面扩散越多，底泥磷污染物释放浓度越多，对水库水环境质量危害越大。释放初期，水体中污染物浓度增加较为剧烈，孔隙水中的磷污染物释放起主导作用；随后水体中污染物浓度增加速度变缓，后期再悬浮液逐渐混合均匀，垂线上的总磷浓度差距减小，底泥中污染物的释放达到平衡状态。研究发现模型能够对清淤扰动造成的水体总磷浓度变化进行合理预测，为湖泊型深水水库清淤工程实践的防范措施提供了科学依据。

关键词: COMSOL Multiphysics, 天福庙水库, 清淤扰动, 底泥磷污染物, 扩散模型, 浓度分布

Abstract:

Tianfumiao Reservoir is located in the eastern branch of the Huangbai River Basin. It is a water source in the town of Leizu, Yichang City. The water quality of the reservoir has deteriorated since 2015 owing to the influence of the surrounding phosphate mining. Therefore, the Yichang municipal government has implemented an ecological and environmental dredging project for the river channel in the Tianfumiao reservoir area. During the implementation process, it was found that the suction head of the dredging equipment during dredging ship operation caused disturbances to the surrounding water body and sediment, which may have caused secondary pollution of the reservoir water body. To explore the sediment disturbance caused by the dredging process, this study used laminar flow and dilute matter transfer modules in COMSOL Multiphysics to establish a phosphorus release model for reservoir sediment pollutants. Based on the attribute data of water quality and dredging equipment of Tianfumiao Reservoir, and the empirical values summarized by predecessors, the diffusion velocity distribution characteristics of sediment and the release law of phosphorus pollutants in reservoir sediment and pore water were simulated under different dredging times and different horizontal disturbance ranges in the process of dredging disturbance. The reliability of the model was verified through field simulation sediment disturbance experiments. The simulation and experimental results showed that when the dredging disturbance time increased, the sediment and its pollutants gradually diffused to the water surface and the diffusion rate and pollutant concentration increased with time. Under the same dredging disturbance time, the vertical diffusion of resuspension and phosphorus pollutants was affected by the horizontal disturbance range. The larger the horizontal disturbance range, the more sediment diffused to the water surface, the more phosphorus pollutants were released from the sediment, and the greater the harm to the water environment quality of the reservoir. In the early stages of release, the concentration of pollutants in the water increased sharply, and the release of phosphorus pollutants into the pore water played a leading role. Subsequently, the concentration of the pollutants in the water increased slowly. In the later stage, the resuspension gradually mixed evenly, and the difference in total phosphorus concentration on the vertical line decreased. The release of pollutants into the sediment reached equilibrium. The results showed that the model can reasonably predict the change in total phosphorus concentration in water caused by dredging disturbances and provide a scientific basis for preventive measures for dredging engineering practices of lake-type deep-water reservoirs.

Key words: COMSOL Multiphysics, Tianfumiao Reservoir, dredging disturbance, sediment phosphorus pollutants, diffusion model, concentration distribution

中图分类号:

温珊, 邢思奇, 肖宇翔, 刘云, 吴旭. 基于多场耦合有限元的天福庙水库清淤过程污染物磷释放行为研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(9): 1438-1450.

WEN Shan, XING Siqi, XIAO Yuxiang, LIU Yun, WU Xu. Study on Pollutant Phosphorus Release Behavior during Dredging Process of Tianfumiao Reservoir Based on Multi-field Coupling Finite Element Method[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(9): 1438-1450.

图/表 13

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模拟参数	参数值	参考文献
水的密度ρ₁	1000 kg∙m⁻³	张坤, 2011
含污染物磷溶液密度ρ₂	1005 kg∙m⁻³	张坤, 2011
紊动扩散系数D	6.12×10⁻¹⁰ m²∙s⁻¹	Сухоруики et al., 1984; 刘明盟等, 2018
水体初始PO₄³⁻浓度c₀	0.004 mol∙m⁻³	刘明盟等, 2018
底泥孔隙水PO₄³⁻浓度c₁	0.013 mol∙m⁻³	刘明盟等, 2018
水体动力黏度μ₁	0.001 Pa·s	程鹏达等, 2020
再悬浮液动力黏度μ₂	0.01 Pa·s	程鹏达等, 2020
气动泵吸口瞬时射流速度u_s	0.03 m∙s⁻¹	陈建等, 2021
垂线平均流速u_m	0.0027 m∙s⁻¹	孙景春, 2002

模拟参数	参数值	参考文献
水的密度ρ₁	1000 kg∙m⁻³	张坤, 2011
含污染物磷溶液密度ρ₂	1005 kg∙m⁻³	张坤, 2011
紊动扩散系数D	6.12×10⁻¹⁰ m²∙s⁻¹	Сухоруики et al., 1984; 刘明盟等, 2018
水体初始PO₄³⁻浓度c₀	0.004 mol∙m⁻³	刘明盟等, 2018
底泥孔隙水PO₄³⁻浓度c₁	0.013 mol∙m⁻³	刘明盟等, 2018
水体动力黏度μ₁	0.001 Pa·s	程鹏达等, 2020
再悬浮液动力黏度μ₂	0.01 Pa·s	程鹏达等, 2020
气动泵吸口瞬时射流速度u_s	0.03 m∙s⁻¹	陈建等, 2021
垂线平均流速u_m	0.0027 m∙s⁻¹	孙景春, 2002

文献来源	污染物扩散模型	水质模型	模型验证	优势	劣势
Huang et al., 2016	4个控制方程: 溶解态磷、吸附在泥沙的磷、好氧层和厌氧层中的磷浓度变化	二维水动力模型和泥沙输运模型	无模型验证, 用于预测太湖的磷行为	建立风力、波浪作用平衡方程, 定量评估其对磷释放和分布的影响; 磷迁移模型涉及对流扩散、吸附-解吸、沉积-再悬浮等物理化学过程	仅适用于没有季节性分层的浅水湖泊
Cheng et al., 2013	耦合N-S方程、Darcy方程、溶质运移方程、吸附/解吸方程	建立二维几何模型模拟边界附近的释放	不同粒径沉积物的吸附实验和水槽实验	研究不同流速和粒径条件下, 未悬浮底泥向上覆水中分子扩散和对流扩散污染物的特征	二维几何模型中仅设置了边界条件和初始条件
Hu et al., 2011	基于紊动扩散和污染物沉降的水质二维对流扩散方程	二维水动力模型	水槽水动力实验	研究沉积物营养盐释放与流速之间的定量关系; 模型体现了悬浮泥沙中污染物的沉降	水动力模型未考虑到垂向方向上的动量方程, 仅适用于浅水湖泊
张坤, 2011	耦合渗流动量方程和对流扩散方程	建立水槽二维几何模型, 耦合N-S方程、Darcy方程和连续性方程	动水条件下的水槽底泥污染物扩散实验	模拟不同流速下, 底泥污染物对上覆水体的影响; 考虑了底泥沉积层多孔介质中污染物的扩散迁移	未考虑到环境因素的影响
本文	对流扩散方程	水流控制方程: 不可压缩质量方程和动量守恒方程控制	实地模拟测定实验	依据水库流场, 建立二维及三维几何模型; 根据水温、pH和DO的二次回归多项式模型, 考察不同扰动时间和范围下, 底泥起动及磷释放特征; 采用实地的测定实验, 更能验证本模型的合理性	仅考虑了扰动时磷污染物的对流扩散

文献来源	污染物扩散模型	水质模型	模型验证	优势	劣势
Huang et al., 2016	4个控制方程: 溶解态磷、吸附在泥沙的磷、好氧层和厌氧层中的磷浓度变化	二维水动力模型和泥沙输运模型	无模型验证, 用于预测太湖的磷行为	建立风力、波浪作用平衡方程, 定量评估其对磷释放和分布的影响; 磷迁移模型涉及对流扩散、吸附-解吸、沉积-再悬浮等物理化学过程	仅适用于没有季节性分层的浅水湖泊
Cheng et al., 2013	耦合N-S方程、Darcy方程、溶质运移方程、吸附/解吸方程	建立二维几何模型模拟边界附近的释放	不同粒径沉积物的吸附实验和水槽实验	研究不同流速和粒径条件下, 未悬浮底泥向上覆水中分子扩散和对流扩散污染物的特征	二维几何模型中仅设置了边界条件和初始条件
Hu et al., 2011	基于紊动扩散和污染物沉降的水质二维对流扩散方程	二维水动力模型	水槽水动力实验	研究沉积物营养盐释放与流速之间的定量关系; 模型体现了悬浮泥沙中污染物的沉降	水动力模型未考虑到垂向方向上的动量方程, 仅适用于浅水湖泊
张坤, 2011	耦合渗流动量方程和对流扩散方程	建立水槽二维几何模型, 耦合N-S方程、Darcy方程和连续性方程	动水条件下的水槽底泥污染物扩散实验	模拟不同流速下, 底泥污染物对上覆水体的影响; 考虑了底泥沉积层多孔介质中污染物的扩散迁移	未考虑到环境因素的影响
本文	对流扩散方程	水流控制方程: 不可压缩质量方程和动量守恒方程控制	实地模拟测定实验	依据水库流场, 建立二维及三维几何模型; 根据水温、pH和DO的二次回归多项式模型, 考察不同扰动时间和范围下, 底泥起动及磷释放特征; 采用实地的测定实验, 更能验证本模型的合理性	仅考虑了扰动时磷污染物的对流扩散

基于多场耦合有限元的天福庙水库清淤过程污染物磷释放行为研究

Study on Pollutant Phosphorus Release Behavior during Dredging Process of Tianfumiao Reservoir Based on Multi-field Coupling Finite Element Method

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