共建共治共享视角下京津冀城市生态补偿研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.024

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1103-1110.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.024

• 观点 • 上一篇

共建共治共享视角下京津冀城市生态补偿研究

王瑞娟¹(), 彭文英²^,^*(), 刘丹丹²

1.山西财经大学财政与公共经济学院,山西太原 030006
2.首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院,北京 100070

收稿日期:2021-01-17 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 彭文英（1967年生）,女,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事区域经济、资源环境经济与生态文明研究。E-mail:pengwenying0316@163.com
作者简介:王瑞娟（1981年生）,女,讲师,博士,主要从事资源环境经济、区域经济研究。E-mail:wangruijuan0811@163.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点项目(17AJY005)

Research on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Co-construction, Co-governance and Sharing

WANG Ruijuan¹(), PENG Wenying²^,^*(), LIU Dandan²

1. School of Public Finance and Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
2. School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China

Received:2021-01-17 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共建共治共享是提升区域治理水平的重要抓手,生态环保是京津冀协同发展的重点领域之一,跨地区生态补偿是促进生态共建共治共享的有效措施。京津冀有效推进了生态共建共治共享,在水源涵养、风沙源防治等层面实施了横向生态补偿,但横向生态补偿范围偏窄,补偿依据、补偿标准不够明确和统一,尚未全面形成生态受益者付费、保护者得到合理补偿的政策环境。文章在共建共治共享视角下,立足于中国生态补偿要求与计划,以“为什么补”、“谁补谁”、“补多少”核心议题为主线,以生态系统服务的区域外溢、生态保护的直接成本和机会成本为主要依据,构建生态保护城市与受益城市界定模型、城市生态补偿综合模型,以地市为基本单元进行测算,提出京津冀城市生态补偿政策建议。结果显示：（1）2017年京津冀的生态保护城市有承德、张家口、秦皇岛、保定、横水、廊坊市,生态受益城市主要有北京、天津、石家庄、邯郸、唐山和沧州,邢台为生态中位城市;（2）生态受益城市每年支付补偿金额1—100亿元不等,北京市支付补偿最多,北京市、天津市、石家庄市补偿金额占当地财政预算收入的比例在1%—3%之间,符合国际惯例;（3）生态保护城市受偿金额0.7—51亿元不等,张家口受偿最多,占当地财政预算收入的比例在0.6%—52.1%不等,张家口和承德两市所占比例最大,对区域社会经济发展有较好的支持作用。建议在京津冀协同发展机制中,积极构建城市生态补偿长效机制,统一补偿依据与标准,设立城市生态保护补偿专项资金,采取市场化、多元化补偿方式,促进城市之间生态共建共治共享。

关键词: 共建共治共享, 生态补偿, 生态保护, 京津冀, 生态保护城市, 生态受益城市

Abstract:

Co-construction, co-governance and sharing is an important step for improving the level of regional governance. Eco-environmental protection is one of the key areas of coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Cross-regional ecological compensation is an effective measure to promote ecological co-construction, co-governance and sharing. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has effectively promoted ecological co-construction, co-governance and sharing, and implemented horizontal ecological compensation at the level of water conservation, wind and sandstorm source control, etc. However, the scope of horizontal ecological compensation is narrow, and the compensation basis and compensation standards are not clear and unified. A policy environment where beneficiaries pay and protectors receive reasonable compensation has not yet been fully formed. From the perspective of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, this article is based on China’s ecological compensation requirements and plans, focusing on the core topics of “Why compensate?”, “Who compensates who?”, and “How much to compensate?”. Based on the regional spillover of ecosystem service, the direct cost and opportunity cost of ecological protection, a defining model for of ecological protection cities and beneficiary cities and a comprehensive model for urban ecological compensation are constructed. Take prefectures and cities as the basic unit to carry out calculations, the policy proposals for urban ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are put forward. The results show that, (1) In 2016, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological protection cities include Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Hengshui, Langfang. The ecological beneficiary cities include Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Tangshan and Cangzhou, and Xingtai is an ecologically neutral city; (2) Ecological beneficiary cities pay between 100 million yuan and 10 billion yuan in compensation each year, with Beijing paying the most. Compensation amounts in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang account for 1%?3% of their local fiscal budget revenue, which is in line with international practices; And (3) the amount of compensation for ecological protection cities ranges from 70 million yuan to 5.1 billion yuan. Zhangjiakou receives the most compensation, accounting for 0.6%?52.1% of the local fiscal budget revenue. Zhangjiakou and Chengde have the largest proportions, which have a good supporting role in regional socio-economic development. It is suggested that in the coordinated development mechanism of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, we should actively build a long-term urban ecological compensation mechanism, unify basis and standards of compensation, set up special funds for urban ecological protection compensation, and adopt market-oriented and diversified compensation methods to promote co-construction, co-governance and sharing among cities.

Key words: co-construction, co-governance and sharing, ecological compensation, ecological protection, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Eco-protected city, Ecological benefit city

中图分类号:

X196

王瑞娟, 彭文英, 刘丹丹. 共建共治共享视角下京津冀城市生态补偿研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1103-1110.

WANG Ruijuan, PENG Wenying, LIU Dandan. Research on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Co-construction, Co-governance and Sharing[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1103-1110.

图/表 3

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土地类型 Land type	耕地 Arable land	林地 Wood land	草地 Lawn	水域 Water area	建设用地 Construction land	化石燃料用地 Fossil energy land
平衡因子 Balance factor	2.52	1.28	0.43	0.35	2.52	1.28
产量因子 Yield factor	1.32	2.55	1.93	1.00	1.32	‒

土地类型 Land type	耕地 Arable land	林地 Wood land	草地 Lawn	水域 Water area	建设用地 Construction land	化石燃料用地 Fossil energy land
平衡因子 Balance factor	2.52	1.28	0.43	0.35	2.52	1.28
产量因子 Yield factor	1.32	2.55	1.93	1.00	1.32	‒

补偿角色 Compensation role	城市 City	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009
生态受益城市 Ecological benefit city	北京 Beijing	2.0%	1.7%	1.8%	2.1%	1.7%	1.8%	2.0%	2.4%	2.2%
	天津 Tianjin	1.9%	1.6%	1.6%	2.0%	1.9%	2.1%	2.2%	2.7%	2.4%
	石家庄 Shijiazhuang	2.1%	3.1%	3.7%	4.1%	3.6%	3.0%	3.0%	4.3%	3.3%
	唐山 Tangshan	4.3%	3.7%	3.9%	4.8%	5.4%	5.0%	5.3%	6.1%	6.2%
	沧州 Cangzhou	0.8%	0.7%	0.3%	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒
	邢台 Xingtai	‒	‒	‒	1.1%	2.4%	3.0%	3.0%	3.5%	2.8%
	邯郸 Handan	6.9%	6.8%	7.7%	9.8%	10.3%	10.0%	9.8%	11.2%	10.8%
生态保护城市 ecological protection city	承德 Chengde	52.1%	48.7%	54.6%	61.6%	48.6%	47.1%	46.8%	50.5%	50.5%
	张家口 Zhangjiakou	35.8%	33.0%	38.4%	40.9%	42.2%	43.4%	44.8%	43.4%	48.5%
	秦皇岛 Qinhuangdao	0.6%	1.4%	2.1%	1.8%	1.2%	1.8%	1.7%	0.7%	1.6%
	廊坊 Langfang	0.7%	0.7%	0.7%	0.8%	0.8%	1.0%	1.2%	1.5%	1.6%
	保定 Baoding	5.0%	5.0%	4.7%	5.8%	6.0%	6.6%	6.2%	6.4%	5.6%
	衡水 Hengshui	3.9%	3.9%	4.5%	5.3%	5.1%	5.7%	5.9%	6.8%	6.9%

补偿角色 Compensation role	城市 City	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009
生态受益城市 Ecological benefit city	北京 Beijing	2.0%	1.7%	1.8%	2.1%	1.7%	1.8%	2.0%	2.4%	2.2%
	天津 Tianjin	1.9%	1.6%	1.6%	2.0%	1.9%	2.1%	2.2%	2.7%	2.4%
	石家庄 Shijiazhuang	2.1%	3.1%	3.7%	4.1%	3.6%	3.0%	3.0%	4.3%	3.3%
	唐山 Tangshan	4.3%	3.7%	3.9%	4.8%	5.4%	5.0%	5.3%	6.1%	6.2%
	沧州 Cangzhou	0.8%	0.7%	0.3%	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒
	邢台 Xingtai	‒	‒	‒	1.1%	2.4%	3.0%	3.0%	3.5%	2.8%
	邯郸 Handan	6.9%	6.8%	7.7%	9.8%	10.3%	10.0%	9.8%	11.2%	10.8%
生态保护城市 ecological protection city	承德 Chengde	52.1%	48.7%	54.6%	61.6%	48.6%	47.1%	46.8%	50.5%	50.5%
	张家口 Zhangjiakou	35.8%	33.0%	38.4%	40.9%	42.2%	43.4%	44.8%	43.4%	48.5%
	秦皇岛 Qinhuangdao	0.6%	1.4%	2.1%	1.8%	1.2%	1.8%	1.7%	0.7%	1.6%
	廊坊 Langfang	0.7%	0.7%	0.7%	0.8%	0.8%	1.0%	1.2%	1.5%	1.6%
	保定 Baoding	5.0%	5.0%	4.7%	5.8%	6.0%	6.6%	6.2%	6.4%	5.6%
	衡水 Hengshui	3.9%	3.9%	4.5%	5.3%	5.1%	5.7%	5.9%	6.8%	6.9%

共建共治共享视角下京津冀城市生态补偿研究

Research on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Ecological Compensation from the Perspective of Co-construction, Co-governance and Sharing

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