成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1923-1932.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.017

成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

汪进¹^,²^,³(), 韩智勇¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 冯燕⁴, 周若昕¹^,²^,³, 王双超¹^,²^,³

1.成都理工大学/地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都 610059
2.成都理工大学/国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室,四川成都 610059
3.成都理工大学生态环境学院,四川成都 610059
4.成都翌达环境保护监测有限公司,四川成都 610036

收稿日期:2020-12-02 出版日期:2021-09-18 发布日期:2021-12-08
通讯作者: ^*韩智勇,男,教授,研究方向为固体废物处理处置与资源化利用,土壤与地下水污染评价与修复。E-mail: hanzhiyong13@cdut.edu.cn
作者简介:汪进（1997年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为污染场地控制与修复。E-mail: 1358485612@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41602240);中国博士后特别资助基金项目(2018T110953);四川省重大科技专项课题(2019YFS0509);四川省杰出科技人才资助项目(2020JDJQ0053);地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国重实验室自主课题(SKLGP2019Z009)

Morphological Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Green Soil of Industrial Zone in Chengdu

WANG Jin¹^,²^,³(), HAN Zhiyong¹^,²^,³^,^*(), FENG Yan⁴, ZHOU Ruoxin¹^,²^,³, WANG Shuangchao¹^,²^,³

1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection/Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution/Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3. College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
4. Chengdu Yida Environmental Protection Monitoring Co. LTD, Chengdu 610036, China

Received:2020-12-02 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解成都市工业区绿地土壤中重金属的形态分布特征及生态风险情况,以成都市各区县工业区绿地土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤重金属Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的赋存形态特征,并选用了基于形态分析的原生相与次生相比值法（RSP）和风险评价编码法（RAC）,对研究区内土壤重金属的生态风险进行了评价与讨论。结果表明：（1）成都市工业区绿地土壤中Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn的赋存形态几乎都以残渣态为主（Pb：48.7%—84.25%、Cu：63.82%—94.45%、Zn：67.54%—95.58%、Cr：81.73%—92.49%）,但Cd的赋存形态分布差异较大（Cd：0.00%—93.02%）;（2）由次生相与原生相比值法评价结果可知,除Cd为中度污染外（RSP=2.84）,Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn次生相与原生相比值均小于1,这表明研究区内Cd污染较其余几类重金属更严重;（3）根据风险评价编码法评价结果,研究区内重金属生态风险强弱顺序为Cd (14.62%)>Pb (1.61%)>Cu (1.29%)>Cr (1.02%)>Zn (0.86%),其中中部东南侧Cd的生态风险相对较高。综合上述评价结果,成都市工业区绿地土壤中主要重金属污染因子为Cd,且其生态风险远高于其他重金属,在今后的风险管控及土壤修复过程中应被重点关注。

关键词: 绿地土壤, 重金属形态, 生态风险评价, 原生相与次生相比值法, 风险评价编码法

Abstract:

In order to realize the distribution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in the green soil of industrial zone in Chengdu, the green soil in the industrial zones of districts and counties in Chengdu was used as the research object to analyze the morphological characteristics of common heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in the soil. The RSP (rations of secondary phase and primary phase) and RAC (risk assessment code) based on morphological analysis were selected to evaluate and discuss the ecological risks of heavy metals in the study area. The results showed that, (1) almost all of the morphological of Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn in the green soil of industrial zone in Chengdu were in the residual state (Pb: 48.7%-84.25%, Cu:63.82%-94.45%, Zn: 67.54%-95.58%, Cr: 81.73%-92.49%), but the distribution of Cd morphological was different (Cd: 0.00%-93.02%). (2) The results were evaluated by the secondary phase and primary phase ratio method. It could be seen that, except for Cd which was moderately polluted (R_SP=2.84), the secondary phases of Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn were less than 1 compared with the primary phases, which indicated that the Cd pollution in the study area was more serious than the other heavy metals. (3) According to the evaluation results of the risk evaluation coding method, the ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area showed Cd (14.62%)>Pb (1.61%)>Cu (1.29%)>Cr (1.02%)>Zn (0.86%), of which the ecological risk of Cd in the central and southeastern regions was relatively high. Based on the evaluation results, the main heavy metal pollution in the green soil of industrial zone in Chengdu was Cd, and its ecological risk was higher than others. In the future risk management and soil remediation process, Cd should be focused on.

Key words: green soil, heavy metal morphology, ecological risk assessment, rations of secondary phase and primary phase, risk assessment code

中图分类号:

X53
X820.4

汪进, 韩智勇, 冯燕, 周若昕, 王双超. 成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1923-1932.

WANG Jin, HAN Zhiyong, FENG Yan, ZHOU Ruoxin, WANG Shuangchao. Morphological Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Green Soil of Industrial Zone in Chengdu[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(9): 1923-1932.

图/表 10

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重金属 Heavy metal	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	Cr	Cu	Cd	Pb	Zn
Cr	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	1.00
Cr	Sig.
Cu	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.73^**	1.00
Cu	Sig.	0.00
Cd	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	-0.10	-0.33	1.00
Cd	Sig.	0.70	0.20
Pb	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.52*	0.58^*	0.00	1.00
Pb	Sig.	0.03	0.02	0.99
Zn	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.65^**	0.74^**	-0.21	0.31	1.00
Zn	Sig.	0.01	0.00	0.42	0.23

重金属 Heavy metal	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	Cr	Cu	Cd	Pb	Zn
Cr	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	1.00
Cr	Sig.
Cu	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.73^**	1.00
Cu	Sig.	0.00
Cd	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	-0.10	-0.33	1.00
Cd	Sig.	0.70	0.20
Pb	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.52*	0.58^*	0.00	1.00
Pb	Sig.	0.03	0.02	0.99
Zn	Pearson相关系数 Person correlation coefficient	0.65^**	0.74^**	-0.21	0.31	1.00
Zn	Sig.	0.01	0.00	0.42	0.23

重金属 Heavy metal	含量 Content/(mg∙kg^-1)	标准差 Standard deviation/(mg∙kg^-1)	平均值 Average value/(mg∙kg^-1)	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	背景值 Background values/(mg∙kg^-1)
Cr	31.33-105.06	17.63	71.78	24.56	79.00
Cu	16.86-40.58	6.58	29.10	22.62	31.10
Cd	0.16-1.40	0.33	0.53	61.90	0.079
Pb	8.16-27.67	4.74	20.45	23.18	30.90
Zn	149.97-265.73	33.57	198.47	16.92	86.50

重金属 Heavy metal	含量 Content/(mg∙kg^-1)	标准差 Standard deviation/(mg∙kg^-1)	平均值 Average value/(mg∙kg^-1)	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	背景值 Background values/(mg∙kg^-1)
Cr	31.33-105.06	17.63	71.78	24.56	79.00
Cu	16.86-40.58	6.58	29.10	22.62	31.10
Cd	0.16-1.40	0.33	0.53	61.90	0.079
Pb	8.16-27.67	4.74	20.45	23.18	30.90
Zn	149.97-265.73	33.57	198.47	16.92	86.50

采样点 Sampling Sites	R_SP
采样点 Sampling Sites	Cr	Cu	Cd	Pb	Zn
C1	0.12	0.08	0.97	0.26	0.14
C2	0.08	0.21	0.23	0.60	0.22
C3	0.14	0.12	26.64	0.30	0.46
C4	0.11	0.16	1.49	0.85	0.13
C5	0.13	0.13	1.47	0.73	0.09
C6	0.17	0.25	—	1.05	0.43
C7	0.09	0.10	0.08	0.19	0.11
C8	0.12	0.16	5.74	0.62	0.23
C9	0.15	0.57	0.60	0.67	0.19
C10	0.12	0.08	0.58	0.51	0.13
C11	0.12	0.06	2.02	0.19	0.10
C12	0.17	0.17	1.35	0.63	0.48
C13	0.11	0.17	0.15	0.78	0.17
C14	0.16	0.25	0.36	0.73	0.44
C15	0.11	0.12	0.08	0.30	0.05
C16	0.22	0.18	0.13	0.48	0.05
C17	0.16	0.28	3.62	0.71	0.38
标准差 Standard deviation	0.03	0.11	6.32	0.24	0.15
平均值 Average value	0.13	0.18	2.84	0.57	0.22
变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	25.20	63.56	222.24	42.51	66.50

成都市工业区绿地土壤重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

Morphological Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Green Soil of Industrial Zone in Chengdu

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采样点 Sampling Sites	R_AC/%
采样点 Sampling Sites	Cr	Cu	Cd	Pb	Zn
C1	0.76	0.89	10.02	1.28	0.67
C2	0.67	0.54	6.32	1.34	0.37
C3	0.91	1.46	8.32	1.21	1.04
C4	1.11	1.21	30.77	1.28	2.32
C5	1.06	1.28	9.28	1.67	0.64
C6	0.80	0.84	34.32	0.99	1.32
C7	0.72	0.96	5.89	1.28	0.72
C8	1.08	3.58	49.67	4.61	1.07
C9	0.81	1.66	22.72	2.33	0.60
C10	1.04	0.84	5.04	1.58	0.54
C11	1.36	0.92	19.90	0.76	0.92
C12	1.39	0.40	9.98	0.54	0.60
C13	1.15	2.51	4.14	3.25	1.40
C14	1.09	1.39	8.03	0.97	1.06
C15	0.80	1.10	5.20	1.06	0.56
C16	1.47	1.07	6.34	2.28	0.32
C17	1.05	1.23	12.51	0.91	0.49
标准差 Standard deviation/%	0.23	0.74	12.45	0.99	0.48
平均值 Average value/%	1.02	1.29	14.62	1.61	0.86
变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	22.87	57.10	85.16	61.55	55.38

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