区域资源环境承载力评价研究进展及展望

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.07.024

生态环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 1487-1498.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.07.024

• 综述 • 上一篇

区域资源环境承载力评价研究进展及展望

王秦^*(), 李伟

北京联合大学,北京 100101

收稿日期:2020-02-18 出版日期:2020-07-18 发布日期:2020-09-24
通讯作者: *
作者简介:王秦（1974年生）,男,副教授,博士,从事环境经济分析与评价的研究。E-mail: 13911047021@139.com
基金资助:
北京市社会科学基金项目(18LJB004)

Research Progress and Prospect of Regional Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation

WANG Qin^*(), LI Wei

Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2020-02-18 Online:2020-07-18 Published:2020-09-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域资源环境承载力评价是综合衡量区域人口与资源环境间的协调性、区域经济可持续发展性的重要途径与方法,全面了解区域资源环境承载力评价的研究进展对于指导未来的研究方向具有十分重要的意义。通过聚焦资源环境承载力的基础理论,区域资源环境承载力评价的方法选择、指标体系构建与实证研究,对区域资源环境承载力评价的国内外研究成果进行了综述。区域资源环境承载力的基础理论研究较少,其理论体系尚未形成;应用单一评价方法的局限性;区域资源环境承载力评价指标体系的指标选取过于庞统、缺乏定量依据;区域资源环境承载力评价的实证研究缺少对于空间尺度多元性与地域开放性的关注。未来研究中亟需解决的主要问题包括：明确区域资源环境承载力的定义、内涵与外延、本质特征、构成要素、承载机理与演进机制等基础理论内容,构建理论分析框架;定性与定量评价方法的结合使用,注重引入GIS地理空间技术方法;基于区域资源与环境的现实状况,设计针对性强、更加科学合理的区域资源环境承载力评价指标体系;建立动态监测平台,实时监控分析区域内与区域间的资源环境状况。

关键词: 区域资源环境承载力评价, 基础理论, 方法, 指标体系, 实证研究

Abstract:

Regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation is an important way to comprehensively measure the coordination between regional population, resources and environment, and the sustainable development of regional economy. It is of great significance to fully understand the research progress of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation for guiding the future research direction. By focusing on the basic theory of resources and environment carrying capacity, the selection of evaluation methods, the construction of index system and empirical research, the domestic and foreign research results of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation are sorted out, the basic theoretical research of regional resources and environment carrying capacity is less, its theoretical system has not yet formed; the limitation of single evaluation method; complex and lack of quantitative basis in index selection; the lack of attention to spatial scale diversity and regional openness in the empirical study of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation. The main problems that need to be solved in the future research include: defining the definition, connotation and extension, essential characteristics, constituent elements, carrying mechanism and evolution mechanism of regional resources and environment carrying capacity, constructing theoretical analysis framework; the combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, focusing on the introduction of GIS geospatial technology methods for analysis; designing targeted and more scientific and reasonable evaluation indicators of regional resources and environment carrying capacity based on the actual situation of regional resources and environment system; to establish a dynamic monitoring platform, real-time monitoring and analysis of regional and inter regional resources and environment.

Key words: regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation, basic theory, method, index system, empirical research, review, prospect

中图分类号:

王秦, 李伟. 区域资源环境承载力评价研究进展及展望[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(7): 1487-1498.

WANG Qin, LI Wei. Research Progress and Prospect of Regional Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2020, 29(7): 1487-1498.

图/表 3

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评价方法 Evaluation methods	评价方法的优劣势 Advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation methods
系统动力学法 System dynamics method	（1）从系统协调发展的视角进行承载力动态评价;（2）较好地反映了人口、资源环境与发展的驱动关系; （3）主要应用于土地承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力评价等方面;（4）参变量难以把握与地域限制性较强,容易导致系统动力学模型设计不合理的问题 (1) Carrying capacity is evaluated dynamicly from the perspective of coordinated development of the system. (2) Reflect the driving relationship among population, resources and environment, and development. (3) Mainly used in the evaluation of land, environmental and ecological carrying capacity. (4) Difficult to grasp the parameters and strong regional limitations, leading to unreasonable design of system dynamics model
生态足迹法 Ecological footprint method	（1）评价过程中综合考虑了生物物理因素;（2）使用简单、可操作性强;（3）生态足迹指标可参考性强,但过于单一;（4）没有综合考虑技术、管理等因素的影响,难以实现动态预测与分析 (1) Consider biophysical factors in the evaluation process. (2) Simple and opertional. (3) Highly referential ecological footprint indexes, but too single. (4) Without considering the influence of technology and management, it is difficult to realize dynamic prediction and analysis
聚类分析法 Cluster analysis methods	（1）直观,结果简单易懂;（2）通过样本的聚类,有利于进行区域资源环境承载力的空间差异分析;（3）不适用于样本量较多的承载力评价问题 (1) Intuitive, easy to understand the results. (2) Through the clustering of samples, it is helpful to analyze the spatial differences of regional resources and environment carrying capacity. (3) Unsuitable for bearing capacity evaluation with large sample size
模糊综合评价法 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method	（1）评价结果清晰、逻辑性强;（2）量化评价较科学,适用于解决模糊、难以量化的问题;（3）计算复杂,指标权重确定的主观性较强 (1) Clear and logical evaluation results. (2) More scientificly quantitative evaluation, suitable for solving the problems that are fuzzy and difficult to quantify. (3) Complex calculation and the determination of index weight is subjective
情景分析法 Scenario analysis method	（1）直观的定性预测方法;（2）适用于区域资源环境未来变化不明显的情况;（3）数据随机性较强、有效性不足,容易造成评价结果的不准确 (1) Intuitive qualitative prediction method. (2) Suitable for the situation that the future changes of regional resources and environment are not obvious. (3) The randomness of the data is strong and the validity is insufficient, which easily leads to inaccurate evaluation results
能值分析法 Emergy analysis method	（1）采用一致的能值标准,便于量化与比较分析;（2）适用于生态-经济系统的分析,可以对区域资源环境进行可持续发展的评价;（3）方法过于简化,评价结果不够客观 (1) The same emergy standard is adopted for quantitative and comparative analysis. (2) Suitable for the analysis of eco-economic system and can evaluate the sustainable development of regional resources and environment. (3) The method is too simplified and the evaluation results are not objective enough
主成分分析法 Principal component analysis method	（1）运用降维技术,简化了指标分析;（2）基于主成分函数的计算评价具有较强的科学性;（3）数据随机性较强,评价结果可能不够准确 (1) The index analysis is simplified through using dimension reduction technology. (2) The calculation evaluation based on principal component function is scientific. (3) The randomness of the data is strong and so the results may not be accurate enough
状态空间法 State space method	（1）基于承载状态点进行区域承载状况研究,适用于区域资源环境系统较复杂的情况;（2）便于计算机处理,可以全面地反映评价变量之间的逻辑关系;（3）数学模型设计要求较高;（4）难以定量计算,对于人类活动的影响程度重视不够 (1) Study the regional carrying status based on the bearing state point and suitable for the complex regional resource and environment system. (2) Convenient for computer processing and reflect the logical relationship among evaluation variables. (3) The design of mathematical model has higher requirements. (4) Difficult to calculate quantitatively and the influence of human activities is not paid enough attention to
集对分析法 Set pair analysis method	（1）信息描述全面、直观,计算简便;（2）能够较好地反应复杂系统的不确定性,被广泛用于生态承载力评价;（3）联系度的差异系数和相反系数过粗,无法满足多级评价的问题 (1) Information description is comprehensive, intuitive and easy to calculate. (2) Reflect the uncertainty of complex system well and widely used in ecological carrying capacity evaluation. (3) The difference coefficient and opposite coefficient of connection degree are too thick to meet the problem of multi-level evaluation
GIS空间分析法 GIS spatial analysis method	（1）以地理空间为对象,图形直观;（2）可以进行空间相关性分析,能够揭示隐藏在空间数据的重要信息或一般规律;（3）适用于资源环境状况的动态评价与预测;（4）数据质量无法保证,数据精度不足 (1) Taking geographical space as the object, the graphics are intuitive. (2) Spatial correlation analysis can be carried out to reveal important information or general rules hidden in spatial data. (3) Suitable for dynamic evaluation and prediction of resources and environment. (4) The data quality cannot be guaranteed and the data accuracy is insufficient

评价方法 Evaluation methods	评价方法的优劣势 Advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation methods
系统动力学法 System dynamics method	（1）从系统协调发展的视角进行承载力动态评价;（2）较好地反映了人口、资源环境与发展的驱动关系; （3）主要应用于土地承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力评价等方面;（4）参变量难以把握与地域限制性较强,容易导致系统动力学模型设计不合理的问题 (1) Carrying capacity is evaluated dynamicly from the perspective of coordinated development of the system. (2) Reflect the driving relationship among population, resources and environment, and development. (3) Mainly used in the evaluation of land, environmental and ecological carrying capacity. (4) Difficult to grasp the parameters and strong regional limitations, leading to unreasonable design of system dynamics model
生态足迹法 Ecological footprint method	（1）评价过程中综合考虑了生物物理因素;（2）使用简单、可操作性强;（3）生态足迹指标可参考性强,但过于单一;（4）没有综合考虑技术、管理等因素的影响,难以实现动态预测与分析 (1) Consider biophysical factors in the evaluation process. (2) Simple and opertional. (3) Highly referential ecological footprint indexes, but too single. (4) Without considering the influence of technology and management, it is difficult to realize dynamic prediction and analysis
聚类分析法 Cluster analysis methods	（1）直观,结果简单易懂;（2）通过样本的聚类,有利于进行区域资源环境承载力的空间差异分析;（3）不适用于样本量较多的承载力评价问题 (1) Intuitive, easy to understand the results. (2) Through the clustering of samples, it is helpful to analyze the spatial differences of regional resources and environment carrying capacity. (3) Unsuitable for bearing capacity evaluation with large sample size
模糊综合评价法 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method	（1）评价结果清晰、逻辑性强;（2）量化评价较科学,适用于解决模糊、难以量化的问题;（3）计算复杂,指标权重确定的主观性较强 (1) Clear and logical evaluation results. (2) More scientificly quantitative evaluation, suitable for solving the problems that are fuzzy and difficult to quantify. (3) Complex calculation and the determination of index weight is subjective
情景分析法 Scenario analysis method	（1）直观的定性预测方法;（2）适用于区域资源环境未来变化不明显的情况;（3）数据随机性较强、有效性不足,容易造成评价结果的不准确 (1) Intuitive qualitative prediction method. (2) Suitable for the situation that the future changes of regional resources and environment are not obvious. (3) The randomness of the data is strong and the validity is insufficient, which easily leads to inaccurate evaluation results
能值分析法 Emergy analysis method	（1）采用一致的能值标准,便于量化与比较分析;（2）适用于生态-经济系统的分析,可以对区域资源环境进行可持续发展的评价;（3）方法过于简化,评价结果不够客观 (1) The same emergy standard is adopted for quantitative and comparative analysis. (2) Suitable for the analysis of eco-economic system and can evaluate the sustainable development of regional resources and environment. (3) The method is too simplified and the evaluation results are not objective enough
主成分分析法 Principal component analysis method	（1）运用降维技术,简化了指标分析;（2）基于主成分函数的计算评价具有较强的科学性;（3）数据随机性较强,评价结果可能不够准确 (1) The index analysis is simplified through using dimension reduction technology. (2) The calculation evaluation based on principal component function is scientific. (3) The randomness of the data is strong and so the results may not be accurate enough
状态空间法 State space method	（1）基于承载状态点进行区域承载状况研究,适用于区域资源环境系统较复杂的情况;（2）便于计算机处理,可以全面地反映评价变量之间的逻辑关系;（3）数学模型设计要求较高;（4）难以定量计算,对于人类活动的影响程度重视不够 (1) Study the regional carrying status based on the bearing state point and suitable for the complex regional resource and environment system. (2) Convenient for computer processing and reflect the logical relationship among evaluation variables. (3) The design of mathematical model has higher requirements. (4) Difficult to calculate quantitatively and the influence of human activities is not paid enough attention to
集对分析法 Set pair analysis method	（1）信息描述全面、直观,计算简便;（2）能够较好地反应复杂系统的不确定性,被广泛用于生态承载力评价;（3）联系度的差异系数和相反系数过粗,无法满足多级评价的问题 (1) Information description is comprehensive, intuitive and easy to calculate. (2) Reflect the uncertainty of complex system well and widely used in ecological carrying capacity evaluation. (3) The difference coefficient and opposite coefficient of connection degree are too thick to meet the problem of multi-level evaluation
GIS空间分析法 GIS spatial analysis method	（1）以地理空间为对象,图形直观;（2）可以进行空间相关性分析,能够揭示隐藏在空间数据的重要信息或一般规律;（3）适用于资源环境状况的动态评价与预测;（4）数据质量无法保证,数据精度不足 (1) Taking geographical space as the object, the graphics are intuitive. (2) Spatial correlation analysis can be carried out to reveal important information or general rules hidden in spatial data. (3) Suitable for dynamic evaluation and prediction of resources and environment. (4) The data quality cannot be guaranteed and the data accuracy is insufficient

模型名称 Model Name	优势 Advantages	不足 Disadvantages	应用范围 Applicaiton Scope	典型应用 Typical Applications
PSR模型 PSR Model	（1）基于环境指标的构建而开发;（2）较好地阐述了环境压力与退化间的因果关系;（3）与可持续发展的环境目标相一致 (1) Development based on the construction of environmental indexes. (2) Describe the causal relationship between environmental pressure and degradation well. (3) Consistent with the environmental objectives of sustainable development	（1）缺乏经济指标;（2）指标间存在部分重叠,压力与响应类指标有时可以互换;（3）仅限于空间状况差异较小的微观尺度区域评价 (1) Lack of economic indexes. (2) Some overlaps among the indexes, and sometimes the pressure and response indexes can be interchanged. (3) Only suitable for the micro- scale regional evaluation with small spatial differences	区域土地资源、水资源、环境承载力等评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional land resources, water resources and environment carrying capacity	Waddell et al., 2002; 皮庆等, 2016 (Pi Q et al., 2016); 李丽红, 2017 (Li, 2017)
DSR 模型 DSR Model	（1）涵盖社会、经济与环境3个方面,解决了PSR模型缺乏经济指标的问题;（2）逻辑性强,强调了环境的重要作用;（3）较好地反映了资源、环境与经济间相互依存及制约的关系 (1) Cover three aspects of society, economy and environment, and solve the problem that PSR Model lacks economic indexes. (2) Have strong logic and emphasize the important role of environment. (3) Reflect the interdependence and restriction among resources, environment and economy well	（1）环境指标比重较大,易造成评价的片面性;（2）指标归属存在一定的模糊性;（3）驱动力与状态指标间缺少逻辑关联 (1) Due to the large proportion of environmental indexes it is easy to cause one-sided evaluation. (2) A certain degree of fuzziness in the index attribution. (3) No logical relation between driving force and state index	区域生态环境承载力评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional ecological environment carrying capacity	Dominati et al., 2010; 谈迎新, 2012 (Tan, 2012); 郭巨海等, 2015 (Guo et al., 2015)
DPSIR 模型 DPSIR Model	（1）整合PSR和DSR模型的优点;（2）框架结构清晰,简明扼要;（3）强调经济运行对环境影响的关系,较好地阐述了环境与经济的因果关系 (1) Integrate the advantages of PSR Model and DSR Model. (2) Clear and concise frame structure. (3) Emphasize the relationship between economic operation and environmental impact, and expound the causal relationship between environment and economy well	（1）指标间属于简单的线性因果关系,缺少整体协调;（2）驱动力指标偏重非环境因素,缺少与生态系统的关联;（3）过于关注状态指标,忽略状态变化与环境因素的相互关系 (1) There is a simple linear causal relationship between indexes, lack of overall coordination. (2) The driving force index focuses on non-environmental factors and lacks the relationship with ecosystem. (3) Pay too much attention to the state index and ignore the relationship between state change and environmental factors	区域复杂环境系统、生态安全评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional complex environmental system and ecological security	郑晶等, 2017 (Zheng et al., 2017); Fateme et al., 2019; 翁薛柔等, 2020 (Weng et al., 2020)
DPSIRM 模型 DPSIRM Model	（1）突出人在环境管理中的关键作用;（2）较好地解决各个指标间的因果关系;（3）清楚地阐释自然环境、资源与人之间的耦合关系 (1) Highlight the key role of human in environmental management. (2) Solve the cause and effect relationship among each index well. (3) Clearly explain the coupling relationship between natural environment, resources and people	（1）指标间缺少动态关联; （2）管理类指标不易量化 (1) Lack of dynamic correlation between indexes. (2) Difficult to quantify management indexes	区域人居环境安全、水资源承载力等评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional human settlement environment security and water resources carrying capacity	杨俊等, 2012 (Yang et al., 2012); 张峰等, 2014 (Zhang et al., 2014); 郭倩等, 2017 (Guo et al., 2017)

模型名称 Model Name	优势 Advantages	不足 Disadvantages	应用范围 Applicaiton Scope	典型应用 Typical Applications
PSR模型 PSR Model	（1）基于环境指标的构建而开发;（2）较好地阐述了环境压力与退化间的因果关系;（3）与可持续发展的环境目标相一致 (1) Development based on the construction of environmental indexes. (2) Describe the causal relationship between environmental pressure and degradation well. (3) Consistent with the environmental objectives of sustainable development	（1）缺乏经济指标;（2）指标间存在部分重叠,压力与响应类指标有时可以互换;（3）仅限于空间状况差异较小的微观尺度区域评价 (1) Lack of economic indexes. (2) Some overlaps among the indexes, and sometimes the pressure and response indexes can be interchanged. (3) Only suitable for the micro- scale regional evaluation with small spatial differences	区域土地资源、水资源、环境承载力等评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional land resources, water resources and environment carrying capacity	Waddell et al., 2002; 皮庆等, 2016 (Pi Q et al., 2016); 李丽红, 2017 (Li, 2017)
DSR 模型 DSR Model	（1）涵盖社会、经济与环境3个方面,解决了PSR模型缺乏经济指标的问题;（2）逻辑性强,强调了环境的重要作用;（3）较好地反映了资源、环境与经济间相互依存及制约的关系 (1) Cover three aspects of society, economy and environment, and solve the problem that PSR Model lacks economic indexes. (2) Have strong logic and emphasize the important role of environment. (3) Reflect the interdependence and restriction among resources, environment and economy well	（1）环境指标比重较大,易造成评价的片面性;（2）指标归属存在一定的模糊性;（3）驱动力与状态指标间缺少逻辑关联 (1) Due to the large proportion of environmental indexes it is easy to cause one-sided evaluation. (2) A certain degree of fuzziness in the index attribution. (3) No logical relation between driving force and state index	区域生态环境承载力评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional ecological environment carrying capacity	Dominati et al., 2010; 谈迎新, 2012 (Tan, 2012); 郭巨海等, 2015 (Guo et al., 2015)
DPSIR 模型 DPSIR Model	（1）整合PSR和DSR模型的优点;（2）框架结构清晰,简明扼要;（3）强调经济运行对环境影响的关系,较好地阐述了环境与经济的因果关系 (1) Integrate the advantages of PSR Model and DSR Model. (2) Clear and concise frame structure. (3) Emphasize the relationship between economic operation and environmental impact, and expound the causal relationship between environment and economy well	（1）指标间属于简单的线性因果关系,缺少整体协调;（2）驱动力指标偏重非环境因素,缺少与生态系统的关联;（3）过于关注状态指标,忽略状态变化与环境因素的相互关系 (1) There is a simple linear causal relationship between indexes, lack of overall coordination. (2) The driving force index focuses on non-environmental factors and lacks the relationship with ecosystem. (3) Pay too much attention to the state index and ignore the relationship between state change and environmental factors	区域复杂环境系统、生态安全评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional complex environmental system and ecological security	郑晶等, 2017 (Zheng et al., 2017); Fateme et al., 2019; 翁薛柔等, 2020 (Weng et al., 2020)
DPSIRM 模型 DPSIRM Model	（1）突出人在环境管理中的关键作用;（2）较好地解决各个指标间的因果关系;（3）清楚地阐释自然环境、资源与人之间的耦合关系 (1) Highlight the key role of human in environmental management. (2) Solve the cause and effect relationship among each index well. (3) Clearly explain the coupling relationship between natural environment, resources and people	（1）指标间缺少动态关联; （2）管理类指标不易量化 (1) Lack of dynamic correlation between indexes. (2) Difficult to quantify management indexes	区域人居环境安全、水资源承载力等评价指标体系 Evaluation index system of regional human settlement environment security and water resources carrying capacity	杨俊等, 2012 (Yang et al., 2012); 张峰等, 2014 (Zhang et al., 2014); 郭倩等, 2017 (Guo et al., 2017)

名称 Name	目标层 Target Layer	准则层 Standard Layer	要素层 Element layer	指标层 Indexes Layer	典型应用 Typical Applications
（1）涵盖土地、水、大气、能源、生态等多个要素 (1) Cover land, water, climate, energy, ecology and other elements	区域资源环境承载力		土地 Land	单位耕地生产力、单位土地产出等 Unit cultivated land productivity, Unit land output, etc.	叶京京, 2007 (Ye, 2007); Nadia et al., 2013; 程鹏等, 2014 (Cheng et al., 2014)
			水文 Hydrology	水资源总量、用水效益等 Total amount of water resources, Water use efficiency, etc.
			大气 Atmosphere	大气环境容量、空气质量综合指数等 Atmospheric environmental capacity, Air quality comprehensive index, etc.
			能源 Energy	可开发能源总量、人均可利用能源量等 Total amount of exploitable energy, Available energy per capita, etc.
			生态 Ecology	物种多样性指数、自然灾害危害性等级等 Species diversity index, Natural disaster hazard level, etc.
（2）包含综合水资源、人类基础设施、财政、社会经济、生活质量等多个层面 (2) Include comprehensive water resources, human infrastructure, finance, social economy, quality of life and other aspects				综合水资源类指标：水资源总量、人均水资源量等 Comprehensive water resources indexes: Total amount of water resources, Water resources per capita, etc.	毕明, 2011 (Bi, 2011); 高红丽, 2011 (Gao, 2011); Dorini et al., 2016
				人类基础设施类指标：人均城市道路面积、人均绿地面积等 Human infrastructure indexes: Urban road area per capita, Green area per capita, etc.
				财政类指标：财政收入规模、财政支出规模等 Financial indexes: Financial revenue scale, Financial expenditure scale, etc.
				社会经济类指标：GDP总量、人均GDP等 Social economy indexes: Total amount of GDP, GDP per capita, etc.
				生活质量类指标：城镇居民人均可支配收入、居民消费价格指数等 Quality of life indexes: Disposable income of urban residents per capita, Consumer price index, etc.
（3）基于资源、环境和社会经济3个条件 (3) Based on the three conditions of resources, environment and social economy		资源 Resources	土地资源 Land Resources	人均耕地、人均建设用地等 Cultivated land per capita, Construction land per capita, etc.	Graymore et al., 2010; 柴国平等, 2014 (Chai et al., 2014; 焦露等, 2017 (Jiao et al., 2017)
		资源 Resources	水资源 Water Resources	水资源利用率、人均水资源占有量等 Utilization rate of water resources, water resources share per capita, etc.
		环境 Enviornment	水环境 Water Enviornment	化学需氧排放强度、生态用水率等 COD emission intensity, Ecological water use rate, etc.
			大气环境 Atmosphere Enviornment	城市空气PM₁₀含量、空气质量优良天数占比等 PM₁₀content of urban air, Proportion of days with good air quality, etc.
			生态环境 Ecology Enviornment	森林覆盖率、建成区绿化覆盖率等 Forest coverage rate, Green coverage rate of built-up area, etc.
		社会经济 Social Economy	经济发展水平 Economic Development level	人均GDP、人均固定资产投资额等 GDP per capita, Investment in fixed assets per capita, etc.
			人口集聚度 Populaiton Density	人口密度、人口自然增长率等 Population density, Natural growth rate of population, etc.
			交通优势度 Traffic Superiority	路网密度、区位优势度等 Density of road network, Location superiority, etc.
（4）基于经济、社会和生态环保3个系统 (4) Based on the three systems of economy, society and ecological environment protection		经济 Economy		GDP年增长率、人均固定资产投资额等 Annual growth rate of GDP, Fixed asset investment per capita, etc.	Leidel et al.（2012）; 陈万象, 2013 (Chen, 2013); Widodo et al.（2015）
		社会 Society		城镇化水平、路网密度等 Urbanization level, Road network density, etc.
		生态环保 Ecological environment protection		建成区绿化覆盖率、空气质量优良率等 Green coverage rate of built-up area, Excellence rate of air quality, etc.
（5）基于自然与社会资源、自然与社会环境4个维度 (5) Based on the four dimensions of nature and social resources, nature and social environment		自然资源 Nature Resources		土地总面积、森林覆盖率等 Total land area, Forest coverage rate, etc.	王红旗等, 2013 (Wang et al., 2013); 张翊等, 2019 (Zhang et al., 2019); Oluwaseun et al., 2019
		社会资源 Social Resources		人均城市道路面积、千人医疗机构床位数等 Urban road area per capita, Number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people, etc.
		自然环境 Nature Enviornment		水质达标率、工业固废综合利用率等 Standard rate of water quality, Comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, etc.
		社会环境 Social Enviornment		农民平均受教育程度、蓝绿空间比等 Average education level of farmers, Ratio of blue to green space, etc.

区域资源环境承载力评价研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Regional Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation

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