Abstract:

Abstract: The water birds in the Chaohu Lake mainly inhabited in the estuary area of Pai River, related to the habitat of the lake beaches and the plant community. This study examined the plant species composition, community characteristics of the lake beaches by using the sample plot method and the quadrat method at the estuary of Pai River in Chaohu Lake, contributing to the protection of biological diversity. There were 233 plant species, belonging to 171 genera and 64 families at Pai River estuary of Chaohu Lake. The dominant families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae. There were significant differences in the floristic composition of the families and genera at the estuary of Pai River. At the family level, the cosmopolitan distribution accounted for a large proportion (53.13%), followed by the pantropic distribution (23.44%). Regarding the overall structure of the family, tropical geographical elements and temperate geographical elements accounted for 26.56% and 18.75%, respectively. At the genus level, the north temperate zone had the largest proportion (22.81%), followed by the cosmopolitan distribution (21.05%). Regarding the overall structure of the genus, tropical elements and temperate elements accounted for 28.07% and 49.12%, respectively. There were 10 main associations at lake beaches, such as Rumex japonicus association, Bolboschoenus planiculmis association and Phragmites australis association. Among them, the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) of R. japonicus association was the highest (2.025) and the diversity index of B. planiculmis association was the lowest (0.199). The Simpson index of B. planiculmis was the highest (0.925). The association of R. japonicus was the lowest (0.168). Plant diversity was significantly and negatively correlated with soil moisture content, organic matter, pH, total potassium, total nitrogen. The plant diversity was abundant at Pai River estuary of Chaohu Lake. The dominant associations adapted to seasonal water level changes of Chaohu Lake by means of ecological strategies such as a short life history, underground rhizomes, corms and emergent water. Diverse plant communities and unique wetland spatial heterogeneity provided important food resources and suitable habitats for water birds, which were the main reasons for the largest number and variety of water birds inhabiting at the estuary area of the Pai River in the lakeside zone around Chaohu Lake.

Key words: Chaohu Lake, estuary area of the Pai River, wetland plant diversity, flora, community characteristics

摘要：

巢湖水鸟主要集中分布在派河口滩涂区域,这与河口滩涂栖息地生境和植物群落结构存在一定关系。采用样地调查法和样方法研究了巢湖派河口滩涂植物物种组成、区系特征和群落特征,为巢湖水鸟等生物多样性保护提供依据。派河口滩涂维管植物植物多样性丰富,达64科171属233种,其中禾本科、菊科、豆科、莎草科和蓼科为优势科。派河口滩涂维管植物在科、属的区系组成上存在显著差异。在科的水平上,世界分布占较大比重（53.13%）,其次为泛热带分布（23.44%）。从科的总体结构上看,热带区系和温带区系分别占26.56%和18.75%。在属的水平上,所占比重较大的为北温带分布（22.81%）,其次为世界分布（21.05%）。从属的总体结构上看,热带区系和温带区系分别占28.07%和49.12%。春季植物群丛主要为羊蹄（Rumex japonicus）、扁秆荆三棱（Bolboschoenus planiculmis）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）等10个群丛。其中羊蹄群丛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,达2.025;扁秆荆三棱群丛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低,为0.199。扁秆荆三棱群丛Simpson优势度指数最高,达0.925;羊蹄群丛Simpson优势度指数最低,为0.168。植物多样性指数与土壤含水量、有机质、pH、全钾、全氮含量呈负相关。巢湖派河口滩涂植物多样性丰富,优势物种以生活史短、具地下根状茎、球茎和挺水的生态对策方式适应巢湖季节水位变化。多样的植物群落和独特的异质性湿地空间为水鸟提供了重要的食物资源和栖息场所,是派河口滩涂水鸟种类和数量于环巢湖湖滨带集中分布的主要原因。

关键词: 巢湖, 派河口, 湿地植物多样性, 植物区系, 群落特征