Analysis on Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Fractional Vegetation Cover in Ningxia Based on Geographical Detector

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.004

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1317-1325.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.004

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Fractional Vegetation Cover in Ningxia Based on Geographical Detector

LI Menghua¹^,²(), HAN Yingjuan¹^,²^,^*(), ZHAO Hui¹^,², WANG Yunxia¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, CMA, Yinchuan 750002, P. R. China
2. Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, P. R. China

Received:2022-04-22 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31
Contact: HAN Yingjuan

基于地理探测器的宁夏植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析

李梦华¹^,²(), 韩颖娟¹^,²^,^*(), 赵慧¹^,², 王云霞¹^,²

1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川 750002
2.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川 750002

通讯作者: 韩颖娟
作者简介:李梦华（1992年生）,女,助理工程师,硕士,主要从事生态气象与卫星遥感应用技术研究。E-mail: lmh21Lucky@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03681);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2018AAC03206);2022年中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室青年培养项目

Abstract

Abstract:

Vegetation provides important linkages within the atmosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. It is of great significance to investigate the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and its driving factors in the study of regional ecological environment changes. Based on the MODIS NDVI data and 12 driving factors in the same period, the temporal and spatial variations in FVC of Ningxia from 2000 to 2020, and its driving factors as well as the interaction of different factors were analyzed using trend analysis method and geographical detector. The results showed that (1) FVC in Ningxia had presented an increasing trend over the past 21 years, as the proportion of areas with the increased FVC accounted for 81.79% of the total. Vegetation conditions had been significantly improved, with areas in the low, lower-middle FVC decreased and areas in the middle, medium-high and high FVC significantly increased. (2) The spatial distribution of FVC was high in the north and south and low in the middle. Geographical detector analysis indicated that the spatial distribution of FVC in Ningxia was mainly affected by climate, topography and human activities, among which annual precipitation, average temperature and precipitation in the growing season and altitude had strong explanatory power. (3) In the interannual change, the influence of climatic factors on FVC showed increasing importance, but the topography and the human activity factors showed less influence. The cross-detection demonstrated that the influences of all factors on FVC were mutually enhanced and showed nonlinear enhancement relationships. The explanatory power of landforms and human activities generally improved after interacting with climate factors, and interaction between land use and average temperature in the growing season had the strongest explanatory power on the spatial distribution of FVC, with q of 0.635. This study provides further understanding of the vegetation coverage in Ningxia, especially the influencing mechanism of vegetation spatial distribution.

Key words: fractional vegetation cover, driving forces, geographical detector, trend analysis, spatial-temporal change

摘要：

植被是联结大气圈、土壤圈、水圈和生物圈的重要纽带,分析植被覆盖度（Fractional Vegetation Cover,FVC）时空变化特征及其驱动因子在区域生态环境变化研究中具有重要意义。基于宁夏MOD13Q1 NDVI数据和同时期12个驱动因子数据,运用趋势分析法和地理探测器,分析宁夏2000—2020年植被覆盖度时空变化特征及驱动因子,并研究不同因子的交互作用。结果表明,21年来,宁夏植被覆盖度整体上呈增加趋势,其中植被覆盖度增加区域占比为81.79%,低、中低植被覆盖区面积占比减少,中、中高、高植被覆盖区面积占比增加,植被状况明显改善;在空间分布上呈现南北高、中部低的特征。地理探测器探测结果表明,宁夏植被覆盖度空间分布主要是气候、地形地貌和人类活动三大类因素共同作用的结果,其中年降水量、生长季均温、生长季降水量和海拔解释力较强;在年际变化中,气候因素对宁夏植被覆盖度的影响越来越大,而地形地貌因素的影响减弱。交互探测显示,各因子对宁夏植被覆盖度的影响呈现相互增强和非线性增强关系,其中,地形地貌和人类活动因素在与气候因素相互作用之后,解释力普遍提升;土地利用与生长季均温的交互作用对植被覆盖度空间分布的解释力最强,达到0.635。该研究有助于进一步认识宁夏植被覆盖情况,尤其是植被空间分布的影响机制。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 驱动力, 地理探测器, 趋势分析, 时空变化

CLC Number:

Q948
X17

LI Menghua, HAN Yingjuan, ZHAO Hui, WANG Yunxia. Analysis on Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Fractional Vegetation Cover in Ningxia Based on Geographical Detector[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1317-1325.

李梦华, 韩颖娟, 赵慧, 王云霞. 基于地理探测器的宁夏植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1317-1325.

Figures/Tables 8

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地形地貌 Landforms	人类活动 Human activity	气候 Climate
坡度 (X₁)	GDP (X₃)	最高气温 (X₆)
海拔 (X₂)	人口密度 (X₄)	最低气温 (X₇)
	土地利用类型 (X₅)	日照时数 (X₈)
		生长季均温 (X₉)
		年均温 (X₁₀)
		生长季降水量 (X₁₁)
		年降水量 (X₁₂)

地形地貌 Landforms	人类活动 Human activity	气候 Climate
坡度 (X₁)	GDP (X₃)	最高气温 (X₆)
海拔 (X₂)	人口密度 (X₄)	最低气温 (X₇)
	土地利用类型 (X₅)	日照时数 (X₈)
		生长季均温 (X₉)
		年均温 (X₁₀)
		生长季降水量 (X₁₁)
		年降水量 (X₁₂)

数据集 Data set	数据来源 Data source	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	数据预处理 Data pre-processing
NDVI数据集 NDVI dataset	NASA LAADS DAAC网站发布的MOD13Q1 NDVI数据产品	250 m	最大值合成法合成逐年NDVI数据;然后利用像元二分模型计算逐年植被覆盖度
气象数据 Meteorological data	宁夏气象局,数据包括：气温（最高气温、最低气温、年平均气温、生长季平均气温）、降水量（年降水量、生长季降水量）、日照时数	250 m	采用反距离加权的方法,对宁夏25个气象站的气象要素进行空间插值
DEM数据 DEM data	地理空间数据云 (https://www.gscloud.cn/)	30 m	在ArcGIS 10.3软件中,利用DEM数据提取海拔和坡度数据
土地利用数据 Landuse data	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心 (https://www.resdc.cn/)	30 m	—
GDP、人口数据 GDP and population data	宁夏数据网站 (http://nxdata.com.cn/)	县域尺度	在ArcGIS 10.3软件中,插值到县域尺度

数据集 Data set	数据来源 Data source	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	数据预处理 Data pre-processing
NDVI数据集 NDVI dataset	NASA LAADS DAAC网站发布的MOD13Q1 NDVI数据产品	250 m	最大值合成法合成逐年NDVI数据;然后利用像元二分模型计算逐年植被覆盖度
气象数据 Meteorological data	宁夏气象局,数据包括：气温（最高气温、最低气温、年平均气温、生长季平均气温）、降水量（年降水量、生长季降水量）、日照时数	250 m	采用反距离加权的方法,对宁夏25个气象站的气象要素进行空间插值
DEM数据 DEM data	地理空间数据云 (https://www.gscloud.cn/)	30 m	在ArcGIS 10.3软件中,利用DEM数据提取海拔和坡度数据
土地利用数据 Landuse data	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心 (https://www.resdc.cn/)	30 m	—
GDP、人口数据 GDP and population data	宁夏数据网站 (http://nxdata.com.cn/)	县域尺度	在ArcGIS 10.3软件中,插值到县域尺度

判断依据 Basis of judgement	交互作用 Interaction
q(X₁∩X₂)<Min[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	非线性减弱
Min[q(X₁),q(X₂)]<q(X₁∩X₂)< Max[q(X₁)+q(X₂)]	单因子非线性减弱
q(X₁∩X₂)<Max[q(X₁), q(X₂)]	双因子增强
q(X₁∩X₂)=q(X₁)+q(X₂)	独立
q(X₁∩X₂)>q(X₁)+q(X₂)	非线性增强

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Fractional Vegetation Cover in Ningxia Based on Geographical Detector

基于地理探测器的宁夏植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析

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因子 Factor	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂
X₁	0.045
X₂	0.313	0.252
X₃	0.404	0.518	0.299
X₄	0.255	0.406	0.362	0.128
X₅	0.324	0.453	0.518	0.419	0.231
X₆	0.481	0.512	0.420	0.417	0.630	0.367
X₇	0.380	0.440	0.452	0.392	0.488	0.443	0.281
X₈	0.326	0.490	0.450	0.442	0.483	0.453	0.430	0.245
X₉	0.506	0.540	0.431	0.432	0.635	0.418	0.440	0.450	0.393
X₁₀	0.485	0.527	0.451	0.455	0.596	0.404	0.426	0.450	0.420	0.362
X₁₁	0.483	0.572	0.419	0.429	0.612	0.413	0.413	0.428	0.421	0.413	0.381
X₁₂	0.492	0.571	0.423	0.431	0.621	0.417	0.427	0.433	0.418	0.427	0.394	0.388

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