Abstract:

In the context of increasing human activities and exacerbating global climate change, ecosystem service functions are continuously diminishing and wildlife habitats are increasingly being lost. Faced with numerous areas that urgently require protection, the use of limited resources to achieve the greatest conservation impact is crucial for advancing sustainable regional development strategies. The Sanjiangyuan region is ecologically fragile and sensitive and its biodiversity is severely threatened. Establishing protected areas (PAs) is one of the most effective methods for enhancing ecosystem services and biodiversity. Current research methods that concurrently consider the value of ecosystem service functions, biodiversity conservation, and human spatial needs are scarce. This study evaluated the conservation value of the Sanjiangyuan region by assessing the importance of ecosystem service functions using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to evaluate the suitability of wildlife habitats and human spatial needs. This study provides a new method to comprehensively determine priority conservation areas. The evaluation system evaluates and analyzes the importance of the four ecosystem service functions and the suitability of the habitats of 20 national key conservation species, which more realistically and credibly reflects the conservation priority of the region. The results are as follow. 1) Areas with high ecosystem service functionality in the Sanjiangyuan region are primarily located in the southeastern sector, displaying a trend in which the southeast is higher than the northwest. 2) Areas with high and relatively high suitability for wildlife habitats are found in the central and western parts of the Sanjiangyuan region, covering a total area of 8.75×10⁴ km². Of these, 41.2% were within the bounds of Sanjiangyuan National Park. 3) The area identified as having the highest priority for conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region spans 3.01×10⁴ km², and is situated in the central and western parts of the region, accounting for 8.04% of its total area, with 35.8% being within the Sanjiangyuan National Park. The priority conservation areas identified in this study were primarily located in the source regions of the Yangtze River, the Lancang River, and Nangqian County, and the ecosystems and biodiversity of these areas should be protected. This provides a scientific basis for determining conservation area boundaries and addressing protection gaps.

Key words: importance of ecosystem services, MaxEnt model, habitat suitability evaluation, Sanjiangyuan region, human activity intensity, priority protected area

摘要：

在人类活动日益频繁、全球气候变化加剧的时代背景下，生态系统服务功能不断衰减，野生动物栖息地日渐丧失。面对众多亟需保护的区域，如何利用有限的资源实现最有大的保护效果，成为推动区域可持续发展战略的关键。三江源地区生态系统脆弱敏感，生物多样性面临严重威胁，设立保护区是提高生态系统服务功能和生物多样性最有效的方法之一。目前同时考虑到生态系统服务功能价值、生物多样性保护价值和人类活动空间需求的研究方法较少。基于生态系统服务功能重要性评价、最大熵（MaxEnt）模型评估野生动物栖息地适宜性并考虑人类活动空间需求，对三江源地区的保护价值进行评估，为综合确定优先保护区域提供新方法。评价体系中对4种生态系统服务功能重要性以及20种国家重点保护物种栖息地适宜性进行了评价与分析，更加真实可信的反映了区域的保护优先性。结果表明，1）三江源地区高生态系统服务功能区域主要位于东南部地区，整体呈现东南高于西北的趋势。2）野生动物栖息地高、较高适宜性区域位于三江源中西部地区，面积总计为8.75×10⁴ km²，其中41.2%的区域分布于三江源国家公园内。3）三江源地区极高优先级保护区域面积为3.01×10⁴ km²，位于三江源地区中西部，占总面积的8.0%，其中35.8%的区域位于三江源国家公园内。三江源地区优先保护区域主要位于长江源区、澜沧江源区和囊谦县，应对以上地区生态系统和生物多样性进行保护。研究成果可为保护区位置的确定和弥补保护空缺提供了科学依据。

关键词: 生态系统服务功能重要性, MaxEnt模型, 栖息地适宜性评价, 三江源, 人类活动强度, 优先保护区