Discussion on the Generalization Path of Regional Ecological Product Value Realization

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.021

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 1059-1070.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.021

• Perspectives • Previous Articles

Discussion on the Generalization Path of Regional Ecological Product Value Realization

LIU Tao¹^,^*(), HE Landi¹, ZHAO Haiying¹, ZHANG Wenli¹, CAO Xuemei¹

Kunming Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming 650032, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-07 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12
Contact: LIU Tao

区域生态产品价值实现一般化路径探讨

刘韬¹^,^*(), 和兰娣¹, 赵海鹰¹, 张文丽¹, 曹雪梅¹

昆明市生态环境科学研究院,云南昆明 650032

通讯作者: 刘韬
作者简介:刘韬（1986年生）,男,工程师,硕士,研究方向为生物多样性与生态系统保护、生态产品价值实现、生态环境保护与信息化。E-mail: liutaobinue@163.com
基金资助:
云南省滇池生态补偿金补助资金项目(20190401)

Abstract

Abstract:

Since the “Two Mountains” theory was put forward, the ecological product value transformation has been explored actively and effectively in many places. An increasing number of practice bases have emerged to provide local examples of realizing the value of ecological products and various value realization paths and modes that suit the natural endowments of the region. Although these realization paths and modes are typical to some extent, whether they are replicable to other regions is still unknown. It is not only because of the complexity of the realization process and the differences in regional natural resources, but also due to different socioeconomic development levels and regional policies. By summarizing the existing models of ecological product value realization in various places, this paper focused on the regional design, core issues of value transformation, and main difficulties in value realization, which are essential for the ecological product value transformation. An in-depth overview of typical cases was conducted, and the generalized path was summarized to discuss the basic methodology of regional ecological product value realization. This research aimed to provide a clear guide for regional exploration of the ecological products, from recognition to value realization, so as to achieve the institutionalized construction and regional high-quality development. Results of this research could guide the regions to realize the value of ecological products by a generalized path, and help the regions to identify the stage of the ecological product value realization so that the regions could better carry out the design of regional ecological products. In addition, it will provide references for path selection and optimization for the value transformation of regional ecological products, help the region formulate reasonable strategies according to local conditions, and realize the transformation from “lucid waters and lush mountains” to “invaluable assets”.

Key words: ecological product, value realization, typical model, path research

摘要：

“两山”理论提出以来,多地开启了积极有效的生态产品价值转化探索,越来越多的实践基地涌现,根据区域自然禀赋,先行先试为生态产品价值实现给出本地转化示范,摸索了各具特色的价值实现路径,提供了适应不同区域的价值实现模式。由于生态产品价值实现过程的复杂性与区域自然资源的差异性,区域价值实现路径与实现模式虽具有一定的典型性,也因社会经济发展水平和政策的不同,使得这种典型性表现出强烈的地域差异,与之形成的典型经验的可推广性与模式复用性仍有待商榷。该文通过总结现有生态产品价值实现模式,提取各地生态产品价值转化典型案例过程本质,从生态产品的价值实现区域设计、价值转化核心问题、价值实现主要难点3个方面并根据生态产品价值实现的形成过程对各地生态产品价值实现案例进行深度概括,由示范样本归纳出区域生态产品价值实现的一般化路径,借以探讨区域生态产品价值实现的基本方法论。旨在从宏观层面以简洁化的工作路径明确地指导区域走上由生态产品认知探索到价值实现与挖掘,再到制度化建设与区域高质量发展的生态之路。研究结果可以为区域更好地开展生态产品价值实现,更好地进行区域生态产品提升设计、生态产品价值转化提供路径选择和路径优化参考,促进区域合理制定因地制宜的策略,实现由“绿水青山”向“金山银山”的转化。

关键词: 生态产品, 价值实现, 典型模式, 路径研究

CLC Number:

LIU Tao, HE Landi, ZHAO Haiying, ZHANG Wenli, CAO Xuemei. Discussion on the Generalization Path of Regional Ecological Product Value Realization[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 1059-1070.

刘韬, 和兰娣, 赵海鹰, 张文丽, 曹雪梅. 区域生态产品价值实现一般化路径探讨[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 1059-1070.

Figures/Tables 2

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序号 Serial number	模式 Pattern	实现方式 Implementation	路径 Path	典型案例 Typical cases
1	生态修复	修复生态本底,治理生态环境,筑牢生态屏障,厚积生态资本,产业引导修复,发展绿色经济	（1）加强生态修复—夯实生态根基—推动生态可持续—实现生态转化;（2）生态修复为抓手—产业发展为动力—绿色经济为目标	河北塞罕坝机械林场、山西右玉县、内蒙古自治区库布其亿利生态示范区、山东威海华夏城、甘肃古浪县八步沙林场
2	生态旅游	盘活特色资源,提高环境质量,建设绿色工程,发展“美丽经济”,增强供给能力	（1）保护生态—发展旅游—促进保护;（2）构筑生态屏障—构建“山水成景”—发展观光旅游—打造全域旅游—实现有效转化	北京延庆区、湖北丹江口市、四川稻城县、井岗山长路村、广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县
3	生态农业	推进农业生态化,激发乡村振兴活力,发展高质量农业与自主品牌,全产业有机改造,构建循环生态产业	（1）依托特色农业—发展绿色农业—打造农业品牌—振兴乡村经济;（2）有机农业发展—农产品深加工业与乡村文化旅游业融合协同发展——农业高质量发展;（3）构建循环生态产业—减少肥料使用—资源最大化利用—促进绿色低碳发展	浙江安吉县、安徽岳西县、山东蒙阴县、河南新县、云南红河州元阳哈尼梯田、浙江省丽水市
4	生态工业	聚力转型发展,引领提质升级	（1）推动产业转型升级—促进生态工业发展—优化产业发展方向—保护生态资产	江苏徐州市贾汪区、云南华坪县、宁夏石嘴山市大武口区、新疆霍城县
5	生态融合	延伸产业链条,促进业态融合,发展生态产业化与产业生态化	（1）围绕生态产业基础—延伸产业链条—促进三产融合—形成“一产接二连三”产业合力效应;（2）培育生态新品—提升产品品质—健全追溯机制—打造一流品牌;（3）一产三产引进来—二产三产走出去—三产创新可持续—产业融合新业态—政策支持有保障	吉林集安市、江西崇义县、江西浮梁县、河南光山县、贵阳乌当区
6	生态市场	盘活生态资源,推动生态市场交易	（1）创新体制机制改革—建立生态产品市场—明晰产权责任—创新交易方式类型—实现区域可持续发展;（2）生态资源产业化—生态产品市场化—交易过程资产化—保护发展健康化	安徽芜湖市湾沚区、福建永春县
7	生态金融	创新绿色金融产品,实现生态效益转化	（1）以预期环境治理产生的优良生态产品预期收益—发行生态环保政府专项债券—解决生态环境治理的资金来源;（2）核算生态系统生产总值（GEP）—创新探索“两山银行”改革—整合收储碎片化生态资源—探索试点绿色金融产品市场化—打通两山转化通道	浙江淳安县
8	生态补偿	建立利益联结机制,推动实现保护受益	（1）建立生态补偿试点机制—践行绿色发展理念—释放生态补偿红利—合理发展生态旅游（2）提升生态系统服务功能—释放“生态补偿红利”—衍生发展生态产业—提供优质生态产品	湖南资兴市、西藏自治区隆子县
9	生态文化	加强生态文化宣教,保护生物多样性,弘扬民族生态文化全力	（1）强化生态保护意识—挖掘民族生态文化—建设生态文明基地—提升生态文明水平	贵州省黔东南州西江千户苗寨及以生态文化为载体,打造生态旅游的区域

序号 Serial number	模式 Pattern	实现方式 Implementation	路径 Path	典型案例 Typical cases
1	生态修复	修复生态本底,治理生态环境,筑牢生态屏障,厚积生态资本,产业引导修复,发展绿色经济	（1）加强生态修复—夯实生态根基—推动生态可持续—实现生态转化;（2）生态修复为抓手—产业发展为动力—绿色经济为目标	河北塞罕坝机械林场、山西右玉县、内蒙古自治区库布其亿利生态示范区、山东威海华夏城、甘肃古浪县八步沙林场
2	生态旅游	盘活特色资源,提高环境质量,建设绿色工程,发展“美丽经济”,增强供给能力	（1）保护生态—发展旅游—促进保护;（2）构筑生态屏障—构建“山水成景”—发展观光旅游—打造全域旅游—实现有效转化	北京延庆区、湖北丹江口市、四川稻城县、井岗山长路村、广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县
3	生态农业	推进农业生态化,激发乡村振兴活力,发展高质量农业与自主品牌,全产业有机改造,构建循环生态产业	（1）依托特色农业—发展绿色农业—打造农业品牌—振兴乡村经济;（2）有机农业发展—农产品深加工业与乡村文化旅游业融合协同发展——农业高质量发展;（3）构建循环生态产业—减少肥料使用—资源最大化利用—促进绿色低碳发展	浙江安吉县、安徽岳西县、山东蒙阴县、河南新县、云南红河州元阳哈尼梯田、浙江省丽水市
4	生态工业	聚力转型发展,引领提质升级	（1）推动产业转型升级—促进生态工业发展—优化产业发展方向—保护生态资产	江苏徐州市贾汪区、云南华坪县、宁夏石嘴山市大武口区、新疆霍城县
5	生态融合	延伸产业链条,促进业态融合,发展生态产业化与产业生态化	（1）围绕生态产业基础—延伸产业链条—促进三产融合—形成“一产接二连三”产业合力效应;（2）培育生态新品—提升产品品质—健全追溯机制—打造一流品牌;（3）一产三产引进来—二产三产走出去—三产创新可持续—产业融合新业态—政策支持有保障	吉林集安市、江西崇义县、江西浮梁县、河南光山县、贵阳乌当区
6	生态市场	盘活生态资源,推动生态市场交易	（1）创新体制机制改革—建立生态产品市场—明晰产权责任—创新交易方式类型—实现区域可持续发展;（2）生态资源产业化—生态产品市场化—交易过程资产化—保护发展健康化	安徽芜湖市湾沚区、福建永春县
7	生态金融	创新绿色金融产品,实现生态效益转化	（1）以预期环境治理产生的优良生态产品预期收益—发行生态环保政府专项债券—解决生态环境治理的资金来源;（2）核算生态系统生产总值（GEP）—创新探索“两山银行”改革—整合收储碎片化生态资源—探索试点绿色金融产品市场化—打通两山转化通道	浙江淳安县
8	生态补偿	建立利益联结机制,推动实现保护受益	（1）建立生态补偿试点机制—践行绿色发展理念—释放生态补偿红利—合理发展生态旅游（2）提升生态系统服务功能—释放“生态补偿红利”—衍生发展生态产业—提供优质生态产品	湖南资兴市、西藏自治区隆子县
9	生态文化	加强生态文化宣教,保护生物多样性,弘扬民族生态文化全力	（1）强化生态保护意识—挖掘民族生态文化—建设生态文明基地—提升生态文明水平	贵州省黔东南州西江千户苗寨及以生态文化为载体,打造生态旅游的区域

Discussion on the Generalization Path of Regional Ecological Product Value Realization

区域生态产品价值实现一般化路径探讨

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[1]	YU Dengke, XIONG Manyu. The Evaluation of Regional Abilities on the Realization of Ecological Products’ Value [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 397-406.
[2]	ZHU Jinwei, KE Xinli, HE Lijie, ZHOU Ting, WANG Qing, REN Yanyu. Theoretical Analysis of the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological Products Based on the Value Chain Theory [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 421-428.
[3]	LIU Xianghua, WANG Xiuming, LIU Xuchen, ZHANG Yinbo, LIU Piao. Ecological Compensation Mechanism Study of Guangdong Province Based on Spilled Ecosystem Service Value [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 1024-1031.
[4]	YE Youhua, XIAO Bing, FENG Hongjuan, HE Yulin, CHEN Ping, CHEN Xiaoyi, WANG Dandan, ZENG Zhixiang, GUO Xin. Researches on the Pattern and Route of Ecological Product Value Realization from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 421-428.