Abstract:

Globally, the area of wetlands declined about 35% from 1970 to 2015. Wetland degradation is a major environmental problem around the world, which severely restricts the sustainable development of human society and the world economy. The restoration and reconstruction of degraded wetlands have become hot topics in the field of ecology and environmental science. Here, we did a quantitative review on research progress in wetland restoration to explore the number, related countries, institutions, and authors of research articles on this topic based on the Web of Science database. We then draw knowledge graphs of the cooperation network of institutions and research hotspots to explore the historical, current, and further development of the wetland restoration research using VOSViewer visualization software. Our results demonstrated that, (1) the number of publications in wetland restoration kept a steady increase since 1990 or 2020. (2) The United States had the highest number of publications and the most total citations. And (3) hot topics in wetland restoration mainly focused on biodiversity conservation, ecosystem structure and functioning, and vegetation management on large-sized wetlands. Research on wetland restoration in China was relatively weaker than that in Europe and the United States, even though China had the second largest number of publications on this topic. Researchers in China should consider collaborating with other world-leading research institutes on this topic, such as the U.S. Geological Survey and Louisiana State University, to improve the quantity and quality of publications. Combining with the lasted policy in ecological restoration in China, we propose that more attention should be paid to small-sized wetlands in further wetland restoration, and the theory of intermediate disturbance should be considered in wetland conservation and restoration.

Key words: wetland restoration, knowledge graph, ecological conservation, research trend, co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis

摘要：

中国的湿地正和世界上其他国家的湿地一样不断消失和退化,全球的湿地面积在1970—2015年间下降了约35%。而湿地的消失将给所在区域的经济发展带来严重损失。在这个将要威胁人类未来生存的问题面前,社会各界不得不考虑如何进行湿地的恢复和重建。为了了解国内外湿地修复领域的研究现状和特点,采用Web of Science核心合集的SCI论文作为数据样本,运用Excel表格软件和文献计量分析工具,对湿地修复领域的发文量、发文国家、发文机构和发文作者等进行统计分析,同时利用VOSViewer可视化软件绘制机构合作网络和研究热点等知识图谱,对1990—2020年湿地修复研究领域的发展历程、现状及未来的发展趋势进行了分析。结果表明,湿地修复领域的研究论文数量保持稳定增长状态,该研究领域呈现出蓬勃发展的势头。美国是最主要的贡献国家,其发文数量和总被引频次显著高于其他国家。中国在该领域的发文量虽处于第二位,但在该领域的研究处于相对弱势,与欧美国家（尤其是美国）的差距悬殊,未来可与美国的地质调查局、路易斯安那州立大学等机构加强合作,提高发文数量和质量。湿地修复领域的研究热点主要集中在生物多样性保护、生态系统结构和功能改变及植被管理等方面。最后结合中国最新生态修复政策,提出了对未来应加强对小微湿地的关注,并应用中度干扰假说,开展全面性保护湿地。

关键词: 湿地修复, 知识图谱, 生态保护, 研究态势共现分析, 聚类分析