稻作模式改变对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 961-968.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.011

稻作模式改变对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响

李成伟¹^,²(), 刘章勇¹^,², 龚松玲¹^,², 杨伟¹^,², 李绍秋¹^,², 朱波¹^,²^,^*()

1.长江大学农学院主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州 434200
2.长江大学/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州 434200

收稿日期:2022-01-02 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * E-mail: 1984zhubo@163.com
作者简介:李成伟（1996年生）,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为农业作物与栽培。E-mail: 1173909205@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31870424);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301400);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KFT201904)

Effects of Changing Rice Cropping Patterns on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions from Paddy Fields

LI Chengwei¹^,²(), LIU Zhangyong¹^,², GONG Songling¹^,², YANG Wei¹^,², LI Shaoqiu¹^,², ZHU Bo¹^,²^,^*()

1. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434200, P. R. China
2. Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Education/Yangtze Universit, Jingzhou 434200, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-02 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长江中游稻作模式由传统中稻-冬季作物模式向再生稻发展的趋势明显,但关于稻作模式对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的研究尚缺乏报道。以江汉平原3种模式为对象：稻-麦（RW）、稻-油（RR）和再生稻（Rr）,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的变化规律,同时监测土壤硝态氮（NO^3--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、pH和土温的动态变化,以期揭示不同稻作模式对温室气体排放的影响及影响因素。结果表明,在非水稻季,RW、RR和Rr处理的CH₄的累计排放量分别为6.34、9.35和8.63 kg∙hm^-2,N₂O平均排放通量分别为8.08、17.78和24.92 μg∙m^-2∙h^-1,表现为Rr>RR>RW;在水稻季,相比较RR处理,RW和Rr处理CH₄的累计排放量分别增加了158.27%和148.38%,且差异显著,其N₂O的累计排放量分别增加了34.89%和87.36%。Rr处理头季CH₄的排放量占整个水稻季87.64%,其N₂O平均排放通量头季要比再生季高35.99%。RW和Rr处理产量差异不显著,但要显著高于RR处理,其增幅分别为14.49%和24.40%。RR的全球增温潜势（GWP）和温室气体排放强度（GHGI）最低,其GWP比RW、Rr分别低45.05%和72.85%;GHGI分别降低了35.14%和63.64%。中稻季CH₄的排放速率与NH₄⁺-N含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,Rr处理下CH₄的排放量与NO₃^--N含量呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）,与土壤pH呈负相关,且差异极显著（P<0.01）;中稻季N₂O的排放与NO₃^--N和土温负相关,差异不显著（P>0.05）,Rr处理N₂O排放与NH₄⁺-N呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。因此,在江汉平原稻-油模式不仅利用了冬闲田,提高作物种植产量,还有利于降低温室气体的排放,缓解全球增温潜势。

关键词: 稻作模式, 再生稻, 轮作, CH₄排放量, N₂O排放量, 全球增温潜势

Abstract:

The rice cropping pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed an obvious trend from the traditional medium rice-winter crop pattern to the regrowing-rice pattern. However, there were few reports on the effects of rice cropping pattern on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from paddy fields. Three models of Jianghan Plain were taken as objects: Rice-wheat (RW), rice-rape (RR) and regrowing rice (Rr), to study the changes of rice cropping patterns effects on CH₄ and N₂O emissions in paddy fields using static box-gas chromatography. Meanwhile, the dynamic changes of soil NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, pH and soil temperature were monitored, in order to reveal the effects and influencing factors of different rice cropping patterns on greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that in the non-rice season, the cumulative CH₄emissions of RW, RR and Rr were 6.34 kg∙hm^-2, 9.35 kg∙hm^-2 and 8.63 kg∙hm^-2, respectively. The average N₂O emission fluxes were 8.08 μg∙m^-2∙h^-1, 17.78 μg∙m^-2∙h^-1 and 24.92 μg∙m^-2∙h^-1, respectively, in the order of Rr>RR>RW. In the rice season, compared with RR, the cumulative CH₄ emissions of RW and Rr increased by 158.27% and 148.38%, respectively, and the cumulative N₂O emissions of RW and Rr increased by 34.89% and 87.36%, respectively. The CH₄ emission of Rr in the first season accounted for 87.64% of the whole rice season, and the average N₂O emission flux in the first season was 35.99% higher than that in the regeneration season. The yields between RW and Rr shown no obvious difference, but were significantly higher than that of RR, which increased by 14.49% and 24.40%. RR had the lowest global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). GWP of RR was 45.05% and 72.85% lower than those of RW and Rr, respectively, while GHGI decreased by 35.14% and 63.64%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CH₄ emission and NH₄⁺-N content in middle rice season (P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation between CH₄ emission and NO₃^--N content in Rr (P<0.05), a significant negative correlation between CH₄ emission rate and soil pH (P<0.01). The N₂O emission was negatively correlated with NO₃^--N and soil temperature in middle rice season, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05), while the N₂O emission was significantly and positively correlated with NH₄⁺-N in Rr (P<0.05). Therefore, the RR model in Jianghan Plain not only makes use of idle winter farmland to increase crop yield, but also helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the global warming potential.

Key words: rice cropping pattern, regrowing-rice, crop rotation, CH₄ emissions, N₂O emissions, Global warming potential

中图分类号:

李成伟, 刘章勇, 龚松玲, 杨伟, 李绍秋, 朱波. 稻作模式改变对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 961-968.

LI Chengwei, LIU Zhangyong, GONG Songling, YANG Wei, LI Shaoqiu, ZHU Bo. Effects of Changing Rice Cropping Patterns on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions from Paddy Fields[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 961-968.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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处理Tteatments	CH₄累计排放量 Cumulative CH₄emission/(kg∙hm^-2)			总计 Total	N₂O累计排放量 Cumulative N₂O emission/(kg∙hm^-2)			总计 Total
处理Tteatments	冬种/休闲季 Winter planting/ leisure season	中稻季 Main season	再生季 Ratoon season	总计 Total	冬种/休闲季 Winter planting/ leisure season	中稻季 Main season	再生季 Ratoon season	总计 Total
RW	6.34±1.86a	164.67±11.47a	—	171.01±11.27a	0.41±0.17a	4.91±1.87a	—	5.32±1.74a
RR	9.35±2.90a	63.76±15.49b	—	73.11±18.37b	1.05±0.18b	3.64±0.44a	—	4.69±0.32a
Rr	8.63±3.45a	138.79±13.50c	19.59±5.07	167.00±11.85a	1.01±0.61b	3.93±2.96a	2.89±0.56	7.83±2.08b

处理Tteatments	CH₄累计排放量 Cumulative CH₄emission/(kg∙hm^-2)			总计 Total	N₂O累计排放量 Cumulative N₂O emission/(kg∙hm^-2)			总计 Total
处理Tteatments	冬种/休闲季 Winter planting/ leisure season	中稻季 Main season	再生季 Ratoon season	总计 Total	冬种/休闲季 Winter planting/ leisure season	中稻季 Main season	再生季 Ratoon season	总计 Total
RW	6.34±1.86a	164.67±11.47a	—	171.01±11.27a	0.41±0.17a	4.91±1.87a	—	5.32±1.74a
RR	9.35±2.90a	63.76±15.49b	—	73.11±18.37b	1.05±0.18b	3.64±0.44a	—	4.69±0.32a
Rr	8.63±3.45a	138.79±13.50c	19.59±5.07	167.00±11.85a	1.01±0.61b	3.93±2.96a	2.89±0.56	7.83±2.08b

处理Treatments	综合增温潜势 N_GWP/(CO₂ t∙hm^-2)			产量 Yield/(t∙hm^-2)			温室气体排放强度 R_GHGI/(CO₂ t∙t^-1)
处理Treatments	非水稻季 Non-rice season	水稻季 Rice season	总计 Total	冬季作物 Winter crops	水稻 Rice	总计 Total	非水稻季 Non-rice season	水稻季 Rice season	总计 Total
RW	0.28±0.09a	5.58±0.73a	5.86±0.67a	4.98±0.52a	10.74±0.44a	15.72±0.90a	0.06±0.02a	0.52±0.05a	0.37±0.02a
RR	0.55±0.11b	2.68±0.26b	3.22±0.37b	3.06±0.40b	10.67±0.54a	13.73±0.82b	0.18±0.06a	0.25±0.03b	0.24±0.04b
Rr	0.52±0.18b	11.34±1.63c	11.86±1.5c	—	17.08±0.21b	17.08±0.21a	—	0.66±0.10a	0.66±0.10c

处理Treatments	综合增温潜势 N_GWP/(CO₂ t∙hm^-2)			产量 Yield/(t∙hm^-2)			温室气体排放强度 R_GHGI/(CO₂ t∙t^-1)
处理Treatments	非水稻季 Non-rice season	水稻季 Rice season	总计 Total	冬季作物 Winter crops	水稻 Rice	总计 Total	非水稻季 Non-rice season	水稻季 Rice season	总计 Total
RW	0.28±0.09a	5.58±0.73a	5.86±0.67a	4.98±0.52a	10.74±0.44a	15.72±0.90a	0.06±0.02a	0.52±0.05a	0.37±0.02a
RR	0.55±0.11b	2.68±0.26b	3.22±0.37b	3.06±0.40b	10.67±0.54a	13.73±0.82b	0.18±0.06a	0.25±0.03b	0.24±0.04b
Rr	0.52±0.18b	11.34±1.63c	11.86±1.5c	—	17.08±0.21b	17.08±0.21a	—	0.66±0.10a	0.66±0.10c

处理 Treatments	指标 Indicators	样本数	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	土壤温度 Soil temperature	pH
RW	CH₄排放通量	17	-0.245	0.040	-0.069	-0.492
RW	N₂O排放通量	17	-0.109	0.121	-0.306	-0.093
RR	CH₄排放通量	17	-0.305	0.647*	0.162	0.162
RR	N₂O排放通量	17	-0.177	0.265	-0.375	-0.375
Rr	CH₄排放通量	22	-0.513*	0.242	-0.102	-0.769**
Rr	N₂O排放通量	22	-0.182	0.442*	0.065	0.379

稻作模式改变对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Changing Rice Cropping Patterns on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions from Paddy Fields

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