生物炭对红壤团聚体吸附Cd的影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2402-2410.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.016

生物炭对红壤团聚体吸附Cd的影响研究

宋玥言¹^,²^,³(), 袁再健²^,³, 黄斌²^,³^,^*(), 谢真越²^,³, 刘永杰¹

1.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州 510006
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室/广东省面源污染防治工程技术研究中心,广东广州 510650
3.梅州市国际水土保持研究院,广东梅州 514000

收稿日期:2021-08-10 出版日期:2021-12-18 发布日期:2022-01-04
通讯作者: *黄斌（1986年生）,男,助理研究员,博士,从事土壤污染物环境行为、水土保持与面源污染方面的研究工作。E-mail: bhuang@soil.gd.cn
作者简介:宋玥言（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤重金属污染与农业面源污染方面的研究。E-mail: 1071782063@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41701320);广州市科技计划项目(202002020026);广东省科技计划项目(2018B030324001);广东省科技计划项目(2019GDASYL-0301002);广东省科学院专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0401003);梅州市科技计划项目(2020B0204001)

Studies on the Influence of Biochar on the Adsorption of Cd onto Red Soil Aggregates

SONG Yueyan¹^,²^,³(), YUAN Zaijian²^,³, HUANG Bin²^,³^,^*(), XIE Zhenyue²^,³, LIU Yongjie¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source Pollution Control/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
3. International Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Meizhou 514000, China

Received:2021-08-10 Online:2021-12-18 Published:2022-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国南方红壤区是Cd污染的集中地区,作为土壤修复材料的生物炭对Cd在土壤团聚体颗粒中的吸附行为具有重要的影响。为了研究生物炭对Cd在不同粒级团聚体中的吸附行为的影响规律,提高土壤修复过程中对不同粒径土壤团聚体改良的针对性,通过批量吸附实验,结合扫描电镜、FTIR红外等方法,探究了生物炭添加量（原土质量比例分别为0、1%、3%、5%、7%）、溶液初始pH值（2.0—6.5）等因素对不同粒径（>1 mm、1—0.25 mm、0.25—0.05 mm、<0.05 mm）红壤团聚体吸附Cd的影响。结果表明：生物炭添加能明显增加红壤中有机质、CEC以及游离氧化铁的含量;随生物炭添加比例的增加,Cd在土壤中的吸附量显著增加,生物炭添加量为原土比例的1%时,对Cd的单位吸附量增加最大,过高的生物炭投加量会降低生物炭的利用效率;Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好描述生物炭添加前后红壤团聚体中Cd的等温吸附特性（0.9730≤R²≤0.9961）,生物炭添加对增加不同粒径团聚体吸附Cd能力的大小不同,总体上,土壤颗粒粒径越小对Cd的吸附能力越强,但是Cd在>1 mm团聚体中的吸附量相对增加量最大（42.9%）;生物炭的添加能降低不同团聚体中Cd的解吸量,并随团聚体粒径的减小Cd的解吸量呈减小趋势,大粒径（>1 mm）团聚体中Cd的解吸量降低最为明显;同时,生物炭添加使团聚体Cd吸附量在较高pH情况下仍能有效增加,不同pH条件下,<0.05 mm的团聚体无论在生物炭添加前后均表现出最高的Cd吸附量,总体上,生物炭对于花岗岩发育的酸性红壤团聚体中的Cd具有较好的固定作用。

关键词: 生物炭, 镉, 团聚体, 吸附, pH, 花岗岩红壤

Abstract:

Cd pollution is concentrated in red soil in southern China. Biochar has an important influence on the adsorption behavior of Cd in soil aggregate particles. In order to study the influence of biochar on the adsorption behavior of Cd in aggregates with different particle sizes, and to improve soil aggregates particles in the process of soil remediation, based on batch adsorption experiments combined with scanning electron microscopy, FTIR infrared and other methods, the effects of biochar addition amount and (0%-7%), initial pH value (2.0-6.5) of the solution on the adsorption of Cd by red soil aggregates of various particle sizes (>1 mm, 1-0.25 mm, 0.25-0.05 mm, <0.05 mm) were explored. The results show that: the addition of biochar can effectively increase the content of organic matter, CEC and free iron oxide in red soil. with the increase of the biochar addition amount, the adsorption amounts of Cd increased significantly. When the biochar content was 1% of the original soil, the adsorption capacity of Cd per unit increased the most, too high biochar addition will reduce the utilization efficiency of biochar. Langmuir and Freundlich models could well describe the isotherm adsorption characteristics of Cd in red soil aggregates before and after the addition of biochar (0.9730≤R²≤0.9961), the addition of biochar has different effects on increasing the Cd adsorption capacity of aggregates of different particle sizes. In general, the smaller the particle size of the soil, the higher adsorption capacity of Cd. The relative increasing amount of Cd in the >1 mm aggregates was the largest (42.9%). The desorption amount of Cd in various aggregates could be reduced by the addition of biochar, the change of the desorption capacity for Cd decreases with the decrease of the size of the aggregates. and the reduction in the>1 mm aggregates was the most obvious. Meanwhile, the addition of biochar can effectively increase the Cd adsorption capacity of aggregates at higher pH conditions. Under different pH conditions, <0.05 mm aggregates show the highest Cd adsorption capacity before and after the addition of biochar. Biochar has a good fixation effect on Cd in acid red soil aggregates developed by granite.

Key words: biochar, cadmium, adsorption, aggregates, pH, granite red soil

中图分类号:

X703.5

宋玥言, 袁再健, 黄斌, 谢真越, 刘永杰. 生物炭对红壤团聚体吸附Cd的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12): 2402-2410.

SONG Yueyan, YUAN Zaijian, HUANG Bin, XIE Zhenyue, LIU Yongjie. Studies on the Influence of Biochar on the Adsorption of Cd onto Red Soil Aggregates[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(12): 2402-2410.

图/表 9

表1 原土和不同粒径团聚体的基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of bulk soil and aggregates of different particle-size fractions

处理 Treatment	土壤粒径 Particle size/ mm	pH	有机质质量分数 w_{(soil organic matter)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	比表面积 Specific surface area/ (m²∙kg^-1)	阳离子交换量 Cation Exchange Capacity/ (cmol∙kg^-1)	游离氧化铁质量分数 w_{(free iron oxide)}/ (g∙kg^-1)
0%原土质量比例生物炭 0% biochar addition	原土	4.86	6.79	293.5	9.99	12.64
	>1	4.68	3.82	355.6	8.73	9.37
	1-0.25	4.87	8.94	339.6	7.99	8.12
	0.25-0.05	4.95	6.12	383.7	8.34	10.75
	<0.05	5.08	9.50	450.8	14.17	16.86
3%原土质量比例生物炭 3% biochar addition	原土	5.09	14.52	339.9	12.40	14.27
	>1	5.25	11.17	376.9	9.86	10.71
	1-0.25	5.31	14.57	344.7	8.49	10.52
	0.25-0.05	5.20	16.75	439.1	9.03	14.35
	<0.05	5.19	18.98	473.5	14.36	17.11

图1 原土（a）与3%原土质量比例生物炭添加下原土（b）和不同粒径土壤团聚体>1 mm（c）、1—0.25 mm（d）、0.25—0.05 mm（e）、<0.05 mm（f）扫描电子显微镜图

Fig.1 SEM images of bulk soil (a) and bulk soil, >1 mm (c), 1-0.25 mm (d), 0.25-0.05 mm (e)and<0.05 mm (f) aggregates amended with 3% biochar of original soil

图2 原土和3%生物炭添加原土的FTIR图

Fig. 2 FTIR spectrum of the bulk soil and bulk soil amended with 3% biochar

图3 生物炭添加量对土壤吸附Cd的影响 T-0、T-1、T-3、T-5和T-7分别是向原土中添加原土比例0、1%、3%、5%和7%的生物炭

Fig. 3 Influence of biochar addition amount on Cd adsorption in soil T-0, T-1, T-3, T-5 and T-7 were biochar with 0, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of the original soil, respectively

表2 Langmuir和Freunlich方程拟合不同比例生物炭添加后土壤中Cd吸附结果

Table 2 Langmuir and Freundlich model fitting results for the adsorption results of Cd in red soil amended with biochar of different proportions

生物炭比例 Biochar addition/ %	Langmuir方程 Langmuir equation			Freundlich方程 Freundlichr equation
生物炭比例 Biochar addition/ %	K_L/ (L∙mg^-1)	q_m/ (mg∙kg^-1)	R²	K_F/ (L∙kg^-1)	n^-1	R²
0	0.003	1956.417	0.964	448.217	0.457	0.981
1	0.013	3065.906	0.964	537.654	0.323	0.948
3	0.019	3454.713	0.958	636.806	0.304	0.930
5	0.018	3495.683	0.960	921.814	0.278	0.923
7	0.018	3644.487	0.974	846.603	0.211	0.949

图4 3%生物炭条件下不同粒径团聚体的Cd等温吸附曲线

Fig. 4 Adsorption isotherms of Cd on to aggregates amended with 3% biochar

表3 Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合未添加（0%）和3%生物炭添加条件下不同粒径团聚体中Cd吸附结果

Table 3 Langmuir and Freundlich model fitting results for the adsorption results of Cd in different soil particles amended with 0% and 3% biochar

	粒径 Particle size/mm	Langmuir方程 Langmuir equation			Freundlich方程 Freundlich equation
	粒径 Particle size/mm	K_L/(L∙mg^-1)	q_m/(mg∙kg^-1)	R²	K_F/(L∙kg^-1)	n^-1	R²
0%原土质量比例生物炭 0% biochar addition	>1	0.153	1956.895	0.995	202.038	0.059	0.986
	1-0.25	0.118	2058.161	0.996	184.337	0.085	0.989
	0.25-0.05	0.108	2212.626	0.996	193.101	0.085	0.991
	<0.05	0.127	2288.936	0.995	187.057	0.089	0.990
3%原土质量比例生物炭 3% biochar addition	>1	0.134	2797.148	0.994	242.589	0.086	0.993
	1-0.25	0.121	2799.889	0.995	245.523	0.101	0.989
	0.25-0.05	0.112	2839.222	0.996	207.824	0.083	0.992
	<0.05	0.201	3175.737	0.980	281.723	0.106	0.983

图5 不同粒径团聚体中Cd解吸量

Fig. 5 Desorption amounts of Cd from aggregates of different particle sizes

图6 不同初始 pH 条件下原土（a）和3%生物炭添加（b）土壤中Cd吸附量

Fig. 6 Adsorption amounts Cd in bulk soil (a) and soil amended with 3% biochar (b) under different initial pH value conditions

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生物炭对红壤团聚体吸附Cd的影响研究

Studies on the Influence of Biochar on the Adsorption of Cd onto Red Soil Aggregates

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