放牧家畜组合对环青海湖高寒草地优势种空间格局的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1397-1405.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.007

放牧家畜组合对环青海湖高寒草地优势种空间格局的影响

许蔚(), 董全民, 王芳草, 周沁苑, 孙彩彩, 吕卫东, 杨晓霞, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭^*()

青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2024-06-25 出版日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2024-10-18
通讯作者: ^*刘文亭。E-mail: qhdxlwt@163.com
作者简介:许蔚（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为高寒草地放牧管理。E-mail: xuweideyouxiang7@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160340);青海省科协中青年科技人才托举工程(2022QHSKXRCTJ15)

Effects of Grazing Livestock Combination on Spatial Pattern of Dominant Species in Alpine Grassland around Qinghai Lake

XU Wei(), DONG Quanmin, WANG Fangcao, ZHOU Qinyuan, SUN Caicai, LÜ Weidong, YANG Xiaoxia, LIU Yuzhen, LIU Wenting^*()

Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China

Received:2024-06-25 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2024-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究放牧家畜组合对高寒草地优势种空间格局的影响有助于对草地的管理。依托2014年建成的高寒草地-家畜系统适应性管理技术平台，利用空间点格局分析方法，系统分析了中等放牧强度放牧家畜组合对优势种矮生嵩草（Carex alatauensis）与星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis）空间格局的影响。结果显示，1）基于完全空间随机模型，各处理矮生嵩草与星毛委陵菜均表现为集群分布，且集群程度随尺度增加而降低。不同放牧处理下矮生嵩草与星毛委陵菜的局部邻域密度，较随机分布预期的提升程度低于CK处理。2）基于托马斯模型与异质托马斯模型，不放牧处理（CK）矮生嵩草呈集群分布，牦牛单独放牧（YG）、藏羊单独放牧（SG）、牦牛藏羊个体数量1꞉6混合放牧（MG1꞉6）处理表现为嵌套双集群空间格局。CK处理星毛委陵菜表现为嵌套双集群空间分布格局，YG、MG1꞉6处理在大尺度集群中不存在小尺度集群信号。与CK处理相比，放牧导致矮生嵩草与星毛委陵菜种群空间格局的集群半径降低和集群数量增加，且两个物种的种群空间格局在小尺度上表现出异质性。3）基于环形位移零模型，两个物种种间关联表现为小尺度上的显著负关联，并随着尺度的增加转变为显著无关联。放牧导致两个优势种的种间空间关联在小尺度上呈现负关联的尺度范围增大，其中藏羊对种间关系的影响高于牦牛。结果表明，放牧通过改变矮生嵩草与星毛委陵菜个体的空间分布来调控种内、种间邻体的竞争强度，其中牦牛藏羊1꞉2混牧能够更好地维持优势种群与放牧压力之间的相对平衡。

关键词: 矮生嵩草, 星毛委陵菜, 放牧家畜组合, 空间点格局分析, 空间格局, 种间空间关联

Abstract:

The spatial patterns of plant communities are a prominent ecological research area This study utilizes the adaptive management technology platform for the alpine grassland-livestock system established in 2014 to systematically analyze the effects of moderate grazing intensity livestock assemblages on the spatial patterns of the dominant species Carex alatauensis and Potentilla acaulis using spatial point pattern analysis methods. The results indicate the following, 1) Based on the complete spatial randomness model, both Carex alatauensis and Potentilla acaulis exhibited clumped distributions across all treatments, with the degree of clustering decreasing with scale. Under different grazing treatments, the local neighborhood density of Carex alatauensis and Potentilla acaulis increased compared to the expected random distribution, but to a lesser extent than that in CK (enclosure). 2) According to the Thomas and heterogeneous Thomas models, Carex alatauensis under the CK treatment exhibited a clumped distribution, whereas treatments with yak grazing (YG), sheep grazing (SG), and mixed grazing of yaks and sheep at a ratio of 1:6 (MG1:6) demonstrated a nested double-clump spatial pattern. For Potentilla acaulis, the CK treatment showed a nested double-clump spatial distribution pattern, whereas the YG and MG1:6 treatments did not exhibit small-scale signals within large-scale clusters. Compared with the CK treatment, grazing led to a reduction in clump radius and an increase in the number of clumps for the spatial patterns of both species, with heterogeneity observed at small scales. 3) Based on the ring displacement null model, the interspecific association between the two species showed a significant negative association at small scales, which transitioned to a significant nonassociation with increasing scales. Grazing increased the range of the negative association between the two dominant species at small scales, with sheep having a greater impact on the interspecific relationship than yaks. These results suggest that grazing regulates the intensity of intraspecific and interspecific neighbor competition by altering the spatial distribution of Carex alatauensis and Potentilla acaulis individuals, with mixed grazing of yaks and sheep at a 1꞉2 ratio to maintain the relative balance between dominant populations and grazing pressure.

Key words: Carex alatauensis, Potentilla acaulis, combination of grazing livestock, point-pattern analysis, spatial pattern, interspecific spatial association

中图分类号:

许蔚, 董全民, 王芳草, 周沁苑, 孙彩彩, 吕卫东, 杨晓霞, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭. 放牧家畜组合对环青海湖高寒草地优势种空间格局的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(9): 1397-1405.

XU Wei, DONG Quanmin, WANG Fangcao, ZHOU Qinyuan, SUN Caicai, LÜ Weidong, YANG Xiaoxia, LIU Yuzhen, LIU Wenting. Effects of Grazing Livestock Combination on Spatial Pattern of Dominant Species in Alpine Grassland around Qinghai Lake[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(9): 1397-1405.

图/表 6

表1 放牧实验设计

Table 1 Grazing experiment design

处理¹⁾	牦牛头数	藏羊只数	小区面积/hm²	小区数
YG	1	0	0.26	3
SG	0	2	0.17	3
MG1꞉2	1	2	0.43	3
MG1꞉4	1	4	0.6	3
MG1꞉6	1	6	0.76	3
CK	0	0	0.05	3

表2 基于完全空间随机模型、托马斯模型和异质托马斯模型的单变量分析

Table 2 Univariate analysis based on CSR, Thomas process and Inhomogeneous Thomas process

处理¹⁾	株数		完全空间随机模型		托马斯模型
	株数		λ²⁾		Σ³⁾		2σ⁴⁾		ρA⁵⁾
	矮生嵩草	星毛委陵菜	矮生嵩草	星毛委陵菜	矮生嵩草	星毛委陵菜	矮生嵩草	星毛委陵菜	矮生嵩草	星毛委陵菜
YG	1457	2444	0.40	0.68	3.14	2.77	6.27	5.53	320.54	342.16
SG	1638	2621	0.46	0.73	3.46	6.21	6.93	12.42	606.06	157.26
MG1꞉2	1404	2207	0.39	0.61	6.41	2.18	12.82	4.37	60.53	441.40
MG1꞉4	1316	2401	0.37	0.67	0.85	2.37	1.70	4.75	1250.20	720.30
MG1꞉6	1313	1689	0.36	0.47	2.64	2.63	5.28	5.25	249.47	101.34
CK	995	1561	0.28	0.43	9.43	6.47	18.86	12.94	29.85	31.22

图1 基于完全空间随机模型的点格局分析处理符号处理符号含义见表1。图中红色实线表示实测数据，绿色阴影表示模拟包迹线，下同

Figure 1 Point-pattern analysis based on CSR

图2 基于托马斯模型的点格局分析

Figure 2 Point-pattern analysis based on Thomas process

图3 基于异质托马斯模型的点格局分析

Figure 3 Point-pattern analysis based on Inhomogeneous Thomas process

图4 基于环形移位零模型的种间空间关联性分析

Figure 4 Analysis of interspecific spatial correlation based on Toroidal-shift

参考文献 40

[1]	CHANG N C, SU H H, LEE L L, 2016. Effects of dietary fiber on gut retention time in captive Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, Hylobates lar, and Pongo pygmaeus and the germination of ingested seeds[J]. International Journal of Primatology, 37(6): 671-687.
[2]	FRASER M D, 2018. Mixed-species grazing management to improve sustainability and biodiversity[J]. Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics), 37(1): 247-257.
[3]	GETZIN S, WIEGAND T, WIEGAND K, et al., 2008. Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands[J]. Journal of Ecology, 96(4): 807-820.
[4]	ILLIAN J, PENTTINEN A, STOYAN H, et al., 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns[M]. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
[5]	JACQUEMYN H, WIEGAND T, VANDEPITTE K, et al., 2009. Multigenerational analysis of spatial structure in the terrestrial, food-deceptive orchid Orchis mascula[J]. Journal of Ecology, 97(2): 206-216.
[6]	JÁCOME‐FLORES M E, DELIBES M, WIEGAND T, et al., 2016. Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old fields[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 6(23): 8556-8568.
[7]	MULLER-LANDAU H C, WRIGHT S J, CALDERÓN O, et al., 2008. Interspecific variation in primary seed dispersal in a tropical forest[J]. Journal of Ecology, 96(4): 653-667.
[8]	MARTÍNEZ I, WIEGAND T, GONZÁLEZ-TABOADA F, et al., 2010. Spatial associations among tree species in a temperate forest community in North-western Spain[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 260(4): 456-465.
[9]	PEREA A J, WIEGAND T, GARRIDO J L, et al., 2021. Legacy effects of seed dispersal mechanisms shape the spatial interaction network of plant species in Mediterranean forests[J]. Journal of Ecology, 109(10): 3670-3684.
[10]	RODRÍGUEZ‐PÉREZ J, WIEGAND T, TRAVESET A, 2012. Adult proximity and frugivore's activity structure the spatial pattern in an endangered plant[J]. Functional Ecology, 26(5): 1221-1229.
[11]	SHROFF R, VERGARA F, MUCK A, et al., 2008. Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(16): 6196-6201.
[12]	SHEN G, HE F, WAAGEPETERSEN R, et al., 2013. Quantifying effects of habitat heterogeneity and other clustering processes on spatial distributions of tree species[J]. Ecology, 94(11): 2436-2443. PMID
[13]	SU Y J, GUO Q H, GUAN H C, et al., 2022. Human-climate coupled changes in vegetation community complexity of China since 1980s[J]. Earth's Future, 10(7): e2021EF002553.
[14]	WIEGAND T, MOLONEY K, 2004. Rings, circles, and null‐models for point-pattern analysis in ecology[J]. Oikos, 104(2): 209-229.
[15]	WIEGAND T, MARTÍNEZ I, HUTH A, 2009. Recruitment in tropical tree species: Revealing complex spatial patterns[J]. The American Naturalist, 174(4): E106-E140.
[16]	WIEGAND T, MOLONEY K A, 2013. Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in ecology[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
[17]	WANG Z, TOWNSEND P A, KRUGER E L, 2022. Leaf spectroscopy reveals divergent inter‐and intra‐species foliar trait covariation and trait-environment relationships across NEON domains[J]. New Phytologist, 235(3): 923-938.
[18]	WIEGAND T, HUTH A, GETZIN S, et al., 2012. Testing the independent species’ arrangement assertion made by theories of stochastic geometry of biodiversity[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1741): 3312-3320.
[19]	ZHANG L, GAO Y, LI J, et al., 2022. Effects of grazing disturbance of spatial distribution pattern and interspecies relationship of two desert shrubs[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 33(2): 507-518.
[20]	冯斌, 杨晓霞, 刘文亭, 等, 2023. 暖季草场不同放牧方式对牦牛藏羊生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 32(12): 58-67. DOI
	FENG B, YANG X X, LIU W T, et al., 2023. Effects of different livestock assembly on the productivity of yak and Tibetan sheep in warm-season pastures[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 32(12): 58-67. DOI
[21]	郭志文, 郑景明, 2017. 用植物生活史性状预测种子扩散方式[J]. 生物多样性, 25(9): 966-971. DOI
	GUO Z W, ZHENG J M, 2017. Predicting modes of seed dispersal using plant life history traits[J]. Biological Diversity, 25(9): 966-971.
[22]	韩安霞, 邱婧, 何春梅, 等, 2022. 秦岭皇冠优势灌木苦糖果的空间分布格局及种内种间关联[J]. 应用生态学报, 33(8): 2027-2034. DOI
	HAN A X, QIU J, HE C M, et al., 2022. Spatial distribution patterns and intraspecific and interspecific associations of dominant shrub species Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia in Huangguan of Qinling Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 33(8): 2027-2034
[23]	胡刚, 庞庆玲, 胡聪, 等, 2024. 中亚热带喀斯特森林树木功能型的生态位特征[J]. 林业科学, 60(1): 1-11.
	HU G, PANG Q L, HU C, et al., 2024. Niche characterization of tree functional types in a central subtropical karst forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 60(1): 1-11.
[24]	刘佳佳, 2012. 青藏高原高寒草甸草本植物的空间格局及其形成机制[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学: 6-7.
	LIU J J, 2012. Spatial distribution patterns and the underlying mechanisms of the alpine meadow vegetation in Tibetan Plateau[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University: 6-7.
[25]	林华, 陈双林, 郭子武, 等, 2017. 苦竹叶片性状及其异速生长关系的密度效应[J]. 林业科学研究, 30(4): 617-623.
	LIN H, CHEN S L, GUO Z W, et al., 2017. Allometric relationship among leaf traits in different stand density of Pleioblastus amarus[J]. Forest Research, 30(4): 617-623.
[26]	刘文亭, 王芳草, 杨晓霞, 等, 2022. 混合放牧对高寒草地矮生嵩草生殖枝与营养枝性状的影响[J]. 草地学报, 30(9): 2231-2238. DOI
	LIU W T, WANG F C, YANG X X, et al., 2022. Effects of the traits of reproductive and vegetative branches of Kobresia humilis under different herbivore assemblage grazing in alpine grassland[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 30(9): 2231-2238.
[27]	刘明伟, 赵常明, 陈聪琳, 等, 2024. 神农架小叶青冈种群的空间分布格局及种内种间空间关联[J]. 应用生态学报, 35(4): 1033-1043. DOI
	LIU M W, ZHAO C M, CHEN C L, et al., 2024. Spatial distribution patterns and intraspecific and interspecific spatial associations of Quercus myrsinifolia population in Shennongjia, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 35(4): 1033-1043.
[28]	马志波, 肖文发, 黄清麟, 等, 2017. 生态学中的点格局研究概况及其在国内的应用[J]. 生态学报, 37(19): 6624-6632.
	MA Z B, XIAO W F, HUANG Q L, et al., 2017. A review of point-pattern analysis in ecology and its application in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(19): 6624-6632.
[29]	平晓燕, 王铁梅, 2018. 植物化感作用的生态学意义及在草地生态系统中的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 27(8): 175-184. DOI
	PING X Y, WANG T M, 2018. Ecological significance of plant allelopathy and progress in allelopathy research in grassland ecosystems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 27(8): 175-184.
[30]	王鑫厅, 侯亚丽, 刘芳, 等, 2011. 羊草+大针茅草原退化群落优势种群空间点格局分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 35(12): 1281-1289. DOI
	WANG X T, HOU Y L, LIU F, et al., 2011. Point-pattern analysis of dominant populations in a degraded community in Leymus chinensis+ Stipa grandis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35(12): 1281-1289.
[31]	王鑫厅, 2014. 放牧胁迫下植物间的正相互作用及其与植物个体小型化和种群空间格局的关系[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学: 85-86.
	WANG X T, 2014. Effects of positive interactions on individual plant miniaturization and population spatial patterns under grazing stress among plants[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University: 85-86.
[32]	王旭丽, 2018. 家畜粪种子库特征及牦牛粪存留时间对高寒草地植被变化的作用[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学: 34-39.
	WANG X L, 2018. Characteristies of livestock dung seed bank and the effect of yak dung retention time on vegetation variation in alpine grassland[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University: 34-39.
[33]	王芳草, 董全民, 冯斌, 等, 2023. 牦牛和藏羊单牧、混牧对高寒草地星毛委陵菜营养与生殖生长权衡的影响[J]. 草业科学, 40(7): 1866-1874.
	WANG F C, DONG Q M, FENG B, et al., 2023. Effects of single and mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep on the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of Potentilla acaulis in alpine grassland[J]. Pratacultural Science, 40(7): 1866-1874.
[34]	王皓, 梁钰, 周利杰, 等, 2023. 极小种群黄花绿绒蒿点格局分析[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 59(4): 637-643.
	WANG H, LAING Y, ZHOU L J, et al., 2023. Analysis of spot pattern of Meconopsis flavescens in very small population[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 59(4): 637-643.
[35]	王树林, 侯扶江, 2023. 粪种子库的理论基础、影响因素和生态意义[J]. 生态学报, 43(11): 4369-4389.
	WANG S L, HOU F J, 2023. Theoretical basis, influencing factors and ecological significance of dung seedbank[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(11): 4369-4389.
[36]	杨鹏, 何志, 胡军, 等, 2023. 种子传播提高生物多样性的机制[J]. 植物保护学报, 50(5): 1244-1253.
	YANG P, HE Z, HU J, et al., 2023. The mechanisms of seed dispersal in improving biodiversity[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 50(5): 1244-1253.
[37]	杨春亮, 刘旻霞, 王千月, 等, 2023. 单户与联户放牧经营下草玉梅与嵩草种群空间格局及其关联性[J]. 生态环境学报, 32(4): 651-659. DOI
	YANG C L, LIU M X, WANG Q Y, et al., 2023. Spatial pattern and correlation of populations of Anemone rivularis and Kobresia myosuroides under single-household management and multi-household management grazing patterns[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 32(4): 651-659.
[38]	张金屯, 1995. 植被数量生态学方法[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社: 79-87.
	ZHANG J T, 1995. Quantitative ecological methods of vegetation[M]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press: 79-87.
[39]	张继义, 赵哈林, 2004. 科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 23(2): 1-6.
	ZHANG J Y, ZHAO H L, 2004. Spatial patterns of main species of the grassland community in the recovering succession in Horqin sandy land[J]. Journal of Ecology, 23(2): 1-6.
[40]	张世航, 龚莉, 戈玉莹, 等, 2021. 不同密度下入侵植物北美车前生物量分配与异速生长关系[J]. 草业科学, 38(10): 1938-1949.
	ZHANG S H, GONG L, GE Y Y, et al., 2021. Biomass allocation and allometric relationships of the invasive plant species Plantago virginica grown at different densities[J]. Pratacultural Science, 38(10): 1938-1949.

放牧家畜组合对环青海湖高寒草地优势种空间格局的影响

Effects of Grazing Livestock Combination on Spatial Pattern of Dominant Species in Alpine Grassland around Qinghai Lake

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 40

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	方云皓, 赵丽元, 窦碧莹, 王书贤. 基于MSPA-CIRCUIT的长江中游城市群热环境网络识别与评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(7): 1237-1248.
[2]	许静, 廖星凯, 甘崎旭, 周茅先. 基于MSPA与电路理论的黄河流域甘肃段生态安全格局构建[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 805-813.
[3]	肖瑶, 刘渺渺, 梁冠敏, 胡喜生, 林森, 巫志龙. 基于多尺度情景的闽三角地区林地生态网络构建[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(10): 1750-1759.