酵母工程菌磁性微球对水溶液中U(VI)的吸附

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 784-792.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.011

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

酵母工程菌磁性微球对水溶液中U(VI)的吸附

李敏¹^,^*(), 罗嘉庆¹, 周柏丰¹, 王芸¹, 蔺红萍¹, 王斌², 孙玉林¹^,³, 梁波⁴^,^*()

¹ 岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院，广东湛江 524048
² 河南师范大学生命科学学院，河南新乡 453007
³ 岭南师范学院/广东省粤西海鲜资源可持续利用工程技术研究中心，广东湛江 524048
⁴ 岭南师范学院分析测试中心，广东湛江 524048

收稿日期:2025-06-10 修回日期:2026-01-09 接受日期:2026-02-15 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者: *E-mail: limin_ecit@163.com；hypolb@126.com
作者简介:李敏（1978年生），女，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为环境微生物技术。E-mail: limin_ecit@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21107014);江西省自然科学基金项目(20151BAB204004)

Adsorption of U(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Engineered Yeast Magnetic Microspheres

LI Min¹^,^*(), LUO Jiaqing¹, ZHOU Baifeng¹, WANG Yun¹, Lin Hongping¹, WANG Bin², SUN Yulin¹^,³, LIANG Bo⁴^,^*()

¹ Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, P. R. China
² College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
³ Western Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood Resource Sustainable Utilization/Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, P. R. China
⁴ Analysis and Test Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, P. R. China

Received:2025-06-10 Revised:2026-01-09 Accepted:2026-02-15 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随核能应用的持续推进，铀资源供应紧张与含铀废水环境风险问题逐渐显现。利用细胞表面展示技术，将人源金属硫蛋白基因表达于酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）表面，通过海藻酸钠包埋并添加Fe₃O₄磁性颗粒，制备酵母工程菌磁性微球，研究微球对含铀废水的吸附效果；采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能谱（EDS）分析，表征磁性微球吸附U(VI)前后的表面形貌及元素分布变化。结果表明，酵母工程菌磁性微球具备良好的磁响应性（饱和磁化强度为0.62 emu·g⁻¹），可实现水溶液中的快速磁分离；其对U(VI)的最佳吸附pH值为5.82，饱和吸附量达74.61 mg·g⁻¹；吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温模型，表明其为单分子层化学吸附，并以表面官能团与U(VI)的配位作用为主导机制；热力学分析证实该过程为自发的吸热反应，升温有利于吸附进行；解吸实验显示，Na₂CO₃对U(VI)的解吸效率最佳（63.27%）；SEM-EDS分析进一步证实，吸附后微球表面的酵母细胞有显著的颗粒物沉积并检测到U(VI)特征信号，明确了工程酵母细胞是吸附U(VI)的主要活性位点。该研究为含铀废水的治理与资源回收提供了新的功能材料与技术借鉴。

关键词: 金属硫蛋白, 表面展示, 酿酒酵母, 磁性微球, 生物吸附

Abstract:

With the development of the nuclear power industry, the shortage of uranium resources and the hazards of uranium-containing wastewater have become increasingly prominent. This study utilized cell surface display technology to show the human metallothionein gene on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Sodium alginate was used to encapsulate the cells to prepare microspheres, and magnetic fluid particles were added into the microspheres to investigate the adsorption effect on uranium-containing wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was employed to characterize the changes in surface morphology and elemental distribution of the magnetic microspheres before and after U(VI) adsorption. The results indicated that the engineered yeast microspheres exhibited excellent magnetic responsiveness, with a saturation magnetization of 0.62 emu·g⁻¹, enabling rapid magnetic separation from aqueous solution. The optimal pH for U(VI) adsorption was found to be 5.82, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 74.61 mg·g⁻¹. The adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, suggesting a monolayer chemisorption mechanism dominated by coordination between surface functional groups and U(VI). Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic, thus being enhanced by an increase in temperature. Desorption experiments indicated that Na₂CO₃ achieved the highest efficiency for U(VI) desorption (63.27%). SEM-EDS analysis further confirmed the presence of significant granular deposits on the surfaces of engineered yeast microspheres after adsorption, along with the detection of characteristic U(VI) signals. This clearly identified the engineered yeast cells as the primary active sites for U(VI) adsorption. The study provided a novel functional material and insight for the treatment and resource recovery of uranium-containing wastewater.

Key words: metallothionein, surface display, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, magnetic microspheres, biosorption

中图分类号:

X172
X591

李敏, 罗嘉庆, 周柏丰, 王芸, 蔺红萍, 王斌, 孙玉林, 梁波. 酵母工程菌磁性微球对水溶液中U(VI)的吸附[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(5): 784-792.

LI Min, LUO Jiaqing, ZHOU Baifeng, WANG Yun, Lin Hongping, WANG Bin, SUN Yulin, LIANG Bo. Adsorption of U(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Engineered Yeast Magnetic Microspheres[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(5): 784-792.

图/表 15

图1 酿酒酵母转化子的PCR扩增产物凝胶电泳图 M：DL5000 Marker；1-5：PCR产物；6：阴性对照；7：阳性对照

Figure 1 PCR identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformant

图2 酵母工程菌细胞免疫荧光检测结果

Figure 2 Result of immunofluorescence detection of engineered yeast cells

图3 Fe3O4颗粒的X射线衍射图谱

Figure 3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Fe3O4 particles

图4 酵母工程菌磁性微球的M-H磁滞回线

Figure 4 M-H hysteresis loop of engineered yeast magnetic microspheres

图5 溶液初始pH对微球吸附U(VI)的影响

Figure 5 Effect of solution pH on U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres V=50 mL；m=0.03 g；C0=50 mg·L?1；T=298.15 K

图6 处理时间对微球吸附U(VI)的影响

Figure 6 Effect of contact time on U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres pH=5.82；V=50 mL；m=0.03 g；C0=50 mg·L?1；T=298.15 K

图7 磁性微球对U(VI)的吸附动力学分析

Figure 7 Adsorption kinetic analysis of U(VI) on magnetic microspheres

表1 微球吸附U(VI)的动力学模型参数

Table 1 Kinetics parameters for U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres

吸附材料	q_{e, exp}/(mg·g⁻¹)	准一级动力学模型				准二级动力学模型
吸附材料	q_{e, exp}/(mg·g⁻¹)	q_{1, cal}/(mg·g⁻¹)	k₁/(min⁻¹)	R²		q_{2, cal}/(mg·g⁻¹)	k₂/(g·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹)	R²
磁性微球	69.38	13.91	7.51×10⁻³	0.9126		69.44	2.14×10⁻³	0.9983

图8 初始浓度对微球吸附U(VI)的影响

Figure 8 Effect of initial U(VI) concentration on adsorption on magnetic microspheres pH=5.82；V=50 mL；m=0.03 g；T=298.15 K

图9 微球对U(VI)的吸附等温线分析

Figure 9 Adsorption isotherm analysis of U(VI) on magnetic microspheres

表2 微球吸附U(VI)的等温模型拟合参数

Table 2 Adsorption isotherm parameters for U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres

吸附材料	Langmuir吸附等温模型				Freundlich吸附等温模型
吸附材料	K_L	q_m/(mg·g⁻¹)	R²		K_F	n	R²
磁性微球	0.18	111.11	0.9711		25.60	3.00	0.6165

图10 温度对微球吸附U(VI)的影响

Figure 10 Effect of solution temperatures on the adsorption of U(VI) by magnetic microspheres pH=5.82；V=50 mL；m=0.03 g；C0=50 mg·L?1

图11 微球吸附U(VI)过程中lnKd与1/T的线性相关性分析

Figure 11 Adsorption thermodynamics of U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres pH=5.82；V=50 mL；m=0.03 g；C0=50 mg·L?1

表3 微球吸附U(VI)的热力学参数

Table 3 Adsorption thermodynamic parameters for U(VI) adsorption on magnetic microspheres

吸附材料	ΔH/ (kJ·mol⁻¹)	ΔS/ (J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹)	ΔG/(kJ·mol⁻¹)
吸附材料	ΔH/ (kJ·mol⁻¹)	ΔS/ (J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹)	298.15 (K)	301.15 (K)	304.15 (K)
磁性微球	20.76	86.57	−5.05	−5.31	−5.57

图12 微球吸附U(VI)前后的SEM-EDS分析

Figure 12 SEM-EDS analysis of microspheres before and after U(VI) adsorption

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酵母工程菌磁性微球对水溶液中U(VI)的吸附

Adsorption of U(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Engineered Yeast Magnetic Microspheres

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