生态韧性视角下陕西省绿色空间的时空演变特征及其驱动机制

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1866-1878.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.12.004

生态韧性视角下陕西省绿色空间的时空演变特征及其驱动机制

奥勇¹^,²^,^*(), 倪赟¹, 赵永华¹^,², 丁志豪¹, 黄福星¹, 李敏¹

1.长安大学土地工程学院，陕西西安 710054
2.陕西省土地整治重点实验室，陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-12-10
通讯作者: *
作者简介:奥勇（1965年生），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为生态遥感。E-mail: aoyong@chd.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金-联合基金项目(U23A2061)

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Green Space and Its Driving Mechanism in Shaanxi Province under the Perspective of Ecological Resilience

AO Yong¹^,²^,^*(), NI Yun¹, ZHAO Yonghua¹^,², DING Zhihao¹, HUANG Fuxing¹, LI Min¹

1. College of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P. R. China
2. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Remediation, Xi’an 710054, P. R. China

Received:2025-04-16 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在区域生态环境退化与快速城市化叠加压力下，生态韧性成为区域可持续发展的重要标尺，而绿色空间作为城市生态系统的核心载体，其韧性演变机制亟待系统性解析。从生态韧性视角，探讨了2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间生态韧性的时空演变特征及其驱动机制。基于多源遥感与统计数据，构建“抵抗力-适应力-恢复力”三维生态韧性评估框架，结合地理探测器与GWR方法，解析陕西省绿色空间生态韧性的时空演变特征及驱动机制。结果表明，1）2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间规模整体缩减1877 km²，但结构显著优化。其中耕地持续减少5096 km²（集中于关中平原），林地因退耕还林政策驱动稳步增加2206 km²，水域受气候与人为调控波动增长。2）生态韧性水平整体提升，但空间分异显著。高值区（0.46－0.86）集中于陕南秦巴山地（林地覆盖率高、景观连通性强）及延安南部退耕还林区，低值区（0－0.16）分布于关中平原（耕地主导型结构脆弱）和榆林北部（干旱与能源开发叠加压力）。3）驱动机制呈现显著空间分异。降水提升陕北生态韧性，陕南因水资源过剩存在风险；温度主要加剧汉中、安康、延安北部压力；坡度在榆林与延安交界处支撑韧性，而在延安中部削弱韧性。人口密度在榆林北部城区促进韧性，但在延安北部和关中（如西安、咸阳）加剧脆弱性；GDP与绿色空间生态韧性在榆林北部呈负相关，在延安以及部分陕南区域呈正向效应；土地利用强度在全省普遍削弱韧性，尤其在关中地区表现突出。

关键词: 绿色空间, 生态韧性, 动态演变特征, 驱动机制, 陕西省, GWR模型

Abstract:

Under the superimposed pressure of regional ecological degradation and rapid urbanization, ecological resilience has become an important yardstick for sustainable regional development. As the core carrier of urban ecosystems, green spaces must be systematically analyzed for their resilience evolution mechanisms. This study explored the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of green space ecological resilience and its driving mechanism from the perspective of ecological resilience in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023. Based on multi-source remote sensing and statistical data from 2000 to 2023, a three-dimensional ecological resilience assessment framework of 'resistance-adaptation-resilience’ was constructed for the study area, and the coupled GeoDetector and geographically weighted regression model (GWR) were used to analyze the ecological resilience of green space in Shaanxi Province. spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of green space ecological resilience in Shaanxi Province. The results showed that 1) from 2000 to 2023, the scale of green space in Shaanxi Province as a whole shrank, but the structure was significantly optimized. Among them, arable land continues to decrease (concentrated in the Guanzhong Plain), forest land increases steadily due to the policy of returning farmland to forests, and water area grows fluctuatingly due to climatic and anthropogenic regulation. 2) The level of ecological resilience improves as a whole, but the spatial differentiation is significant. High-value areas were concentrated in the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi (high woodland coverage and strong landscape connectivity) and the fallow forest area in southern Yan’an, whereas low-value areas were distributed in the Guanzhong Plain (fragile structure of dominant cropland) and northern Yulin (superimposed pressure of drought and energy development). 3) The driving mechanism shows significant spatial differentiation. Natural factors: Precipitation enhances resilience in northern Shaanxi, whereas southern Shaanxi is at risk owing to excess water. Temperature exacerbated stress in Hanzhong, Ankang, and northern Yan’an. The slope supports resilience at the Yulin-Yan’an junction, whereas it weakens resilience in central Yan’an. Socio-economic factors: population density promotes resilience in the northern urban areas of Yulin but exacerbates vulnerability in northern Yan’an and Guanzhong (e.g., Xi’an, Xianyang); GDP is negatively correlated in the Yulin Resource Area, with a positive effect in the Yan’an Eco-region, Guanzhong, and part of southern Shaanxi; and land-use intensity weakens resilience in the province generally and is especially pronounced in the Guanzhong area.

Key words: greenspace, ecological resilience, dynamic evolutionary features, driving mechanism, Shaanxi Province, geographically weighted regression

中图分类号:

Q948
X171.1

奥勇, 倪赟, 赵永华, 丁志豪, 黄福星, 李敏. 生态韧性视角下陕西省绿色空间的时空演变特征及其驱动机制[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(12): 1866-1878.

AO Yong, NI Yun, ZHAO Yonghua, DING Zhihao, HUANG Fuxing, LI Min. Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Green Space and Its Driving Mechanism in Shaanxi Province under the Perspective of Ecological Resilience[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(12): 1866-1878.

图/表 15

图1 研究区区位图审图号GS（2024）0650号；底图边界无修改

Figure 1 Overview map of the study area

表1 陕西省单位面积生态系统服务价值

Table 1 Ecosystem service value per unit area in Shaanxi Province yuan·hm?2

生态服务功能		绿色空间类型
生态服务功能		耕地	林地	草地	水域
供给服务	食物生产	996.54	279.57	342.70	721.48
	原料生产	220.95	640.31	505.03	207.42
	水资源供给	−1176.91	333.68	279.57	7476.31
调节服务	气体调节	802.64	2119.34	1776.64	694.42
	气候调节	419.36	6339.98	4698.62	2065.23
	净化环境	121.75	1794.67	1551.18	5005.25
	水文调节	1348.26	3165.48	3445.05	92204.78
支持服务	土壤保持	468.96	2579.28	2164.43	838.72
	维持养分循环	139.79	198.41	162.33	63.13
	生物多样性	153.31	2344.80	1966.03	2299.71
文化服务	美学景观	70.79	1028.10	865.77	1704.49
总价值		3565.45	20823.63	17757.36	113280.93

表2 景观指数及权重

Table 2 Landscape Index and Weight

景观指数类型	景观指数及含义		权重
景观异质性	香农多样性指数SHDI	景观多样性指数	0.25
景观异质性	面积加权平均斑块分形维数AWMPFD	某一斑块类型形状的复杂性，即人类活动干扰程度	0.25
景观连通性	聚集指数AI	景观中相同类型斑块的聚合程度	0.25
景观连通性	蔓延度指数CONTAG	不同类型斑块的空间聚集性和相邻关系	0.25

表3 绿色空间恢复力相对系数

Table 3 Relative coefficient of green space resilience

绿色空间类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域
相对系数	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.8

图2 2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间演变

Figure 2 Evolution of green space in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023

图3 2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间转移矩阵桑基图

Figure 3 Green space transfer matrix sankey diagram for Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023

图4 2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间生态韧性水平

Figure 4 Ecological resilience level of green space in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023

图5 2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间生态韧性水平演变

Figure 5 Evolution of ecological resilience level of green space in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023

图6 2000－2023年陕西省绿色空间生态韧性变化弦图

Figure 6 Evolution of ecological resilience level of green space in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2023

图7 绿色空间生态韧性变化空间可视化

Figure 7 Spatial visualization of changes in ecological resilience in green spaces

图8 绿色空间生态韧性演变（按行政区划分）

Figure 8 Evolution of ecological resilience of green spaces (by administrative district)

表4 陕西省绿色空间生态韧性空间自相关结果

Table 4 Shaanxi Province green space ecological resilience space since the relevant results

指标	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2023年
Moran’s I	0.809	0.804	0.796	0.797	0.803
Z得分	138.370	137.550	136.150	136.280	137.220
p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

图9 绿色空间生态韧性演变因子探测

Figure 9 Detection of evolutionary factors of ecological resilience in green spaces

表5 回归模型性能评价

Table 5 Evaluation of regression model performance

年份	R²		Adjusted R²		AICc
年份	OLS	GWR	OLS	GWR	OLS	GWR
2000	0.743	0.873	0.742	0.871	−21197.300	−25805.200
2005	0.744	0.874	0.744	0.872	−21398.200	−25866.200
2010	0.739	0.859	0.739	0.856	−21240.700	−25163.400
2015	0.734	0.857	0.734	0.855	−21058.400	−24984.500
2023	0.744	0.857	0.744	0.855	−21465.700	−24467.400

图10 陕西省绿色空间生态韧性演变驱动因子的回归系数

Figure 10 Regression coefficients of factors driving the evolution of green space ecological resilience in Shaanxi Province

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生态韧性视角下陕西省绿色空间的时空演变特征及其驱动机制

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Green Space and Its Driving Mechanism in Shaanxi Province under the Perspective of Ecological Resilience

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