不同光照条件下农田湿地土壤碳排放的驱动因子差异

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.03.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 391-400.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.03.006

不同光照条件下农田湿地土壤碳排放的驱动因子差异

贺宥文¹(), 韩亚峰¹^,²^,^*(), 王旭刚¹^,³, 孙丽蓉¹^,^*(), 邢江冰¹, 曹晟源¹

1.河南科技大学农学院，河南洛阳 471000
2.洛阳市植物营养与环境生态重点实验室，河南洛阳 471000
3.洛阳市共生微生物与绿色发展重点实验室，河南洛阳 471000

收稿日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2025-03-18 发布日期:2025-03-24
通讯作者: 韩亚峰。E-mail: yfhan@haust.edu.cn
*孙丽蓉。E-mail: slr1206@126.com
作者简介:贺宥文（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤化学。E-mail: 2993792084@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41601309);国家自然科学基金项目(U1904121)

Differences in Drivers of Agricultural Wetland Soils Carbon Emissions under Contrasting Light Conditions

HE Youwen¹(), HAN Yafeng¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Xugang¹^,³, SUN Lirong¹^,^*(), XING Jiangbing¹, CAO Shengyuan¹

1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, P. R. China
2. Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang 471000, P. R. China
3. Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microbes and Green Development, Luoyang 471000, P. R. China

Received:2024-09-04 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地碳库增汇减排是加快实现“双碳”目标的重要着力点之一。光照与湿地矿物氧化还原、微生物群落特征转变等生物或非生物过程密切相关，然而目前关于湿地土壤碳排放对光照的响应特征及作用机理尚存争议。以黄河中下游农田湿地土壤为研究对象，进行室内恒温淹水厌氧培养试验，设置光照和避光处理，通过定量土壤碳累积排放量、Fe(Ⅱ)和可溶性有机碳（DOC）质量分数，结合紫外-可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱定性DOC化学结构特征，探索光照对黄河中下游农田湿地土壤碳排放的影响。结果表明，避光条件下土壤累积碳排放量（以碳计）介于99.11－713.39 mg·kg⁻¹，显著高于光照条件下的17.52－27.20 mg·kg⁻¹。相关分析显示，土壤累积碳排放量在避光下与DOC质量分数、E₂/E₃和0.5 mol·L⁻¹盐酸可浸提态Fe(Ⅱ)质量分数呈显著正相关，均呈先增加后稳定的趋势，表明避光下活性碳组分的微生物可利用性和微生物异化铁还原作用主导了黄河中下游农田湿地碳排放；在光照下，则与0.5 mol·L⁻¹盐酸可浸提态Fe(Ⅱ)质量分数呈先增加后减少的再氧化趋势，且与土壤碳排放量显著正相关，表明光照可通过促进亚铁再氧化过程抑制土壤碳排放。研究结果可为深入解析黄河中下游农田湿地碳循环机制和固碳潜力提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 农田湿地, 碳排放, 光照, 异化铁还原, 可溶性有机碳

Abstract:

The increase in carbon sinks and reduction in carbon emissions from wetlands are crucial focal points for expediting the attainment of Dual Carbon Goals. Light is closely related to biotic and abiotic processes, such as wetland mineral redox and microbial community transformation. However, the response characteristics and mechanisms of carbon emission from wetlands to light remain unclear. Therefore, an indoor experiment was conducted under submerged anaerobic incubation at a constant temperature in an agricultural wetland with and without light. The impact of light on carbon emissions from agricultural wetland soils was investigated in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River and the Fe(Ⅱ) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, as well as the chemical structure of DOC, were measured by combining ultraviolet and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The findings revealed that cumulative soil carbon emissions ranged from 99.11 to 713.39 mg·kg⁻¹ under dark conditions, which was significantly higher than that observed under light conditions (from 17.52 to 27.20 mg·kg⁻¹). Correlation analysis revealed that cumulative soil carbon emissions exhibited a significantly positive correlation with DOC content, E₂/E₃ value and 0.5 mol·L⁻¹ hydrocholic acid leachable Fe(Ⅱ) content in the dark treatment, all of which showed an initial increase followed by stabilization. This indicated that microbial availability of active carbon and microbial dissimilatory iron reduction in the dark treatment dominated the carbon emissions. A positive correlation was observed between the carbon emission and the content of 0.5 mol·L⁻¹ hydrocholic acid-extractable Fe(Ⅱ) under light conditions, which initially increased and then decreased. This result demonstrates that light can inhibit soil carbon emissions by promoting Fe(Ⅱ) reoxidation. This study provides a theoretical basis and data to clarify the mechanism of the carbon cycle and potential for carbon sequestration in agricultural wetland soils in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River.

Key words: agricultural wetland, carbon emission, light, dissimilatory iron reduction, dissolved organic carbon

中图分类号:

贺宥文, 韩亚峰, 王旭刚, 孙丽蓉, 邢江冰, 曹晟源. 不同光照条件下农田湿地土壤碳排放的驱动因子差异[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(3): 391-400.

HE Youwen, HAN Yafeng, WANG Xugang, SUN Lirong, XING Jiangbing, CAO Shengyuan. Differences in Drivers of Agricultural Wetland Soils Carbon Emissions under Contrasting Light Conditions[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(3): 391-400.

图/表 7

表1 采样点概况及土壤基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic facts of sampling points and physicochemical properties of soil

采样点	土壤代号	气候	年均气温/ ℃	年降水量/ mm	可溶性有机碳质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	有机碳质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	游离铁质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	无定形铁质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)
宁夏回族自治区灵武市	NX	大陆性气候	8.9	193	382.50±13.38b	7.14±0.13d	11.90±0.17c	1.91±0.04b
山西省沂州市	SX	大陆性季风气候	8.5	495	485.27±72.64a	17.28±0.59a	8.14±0.06e	2.00±0.03a
河南省洛阳市	HL	大陆性季风气候	13.8	657	481.40±20.17a	12.73±0.38b	9.21±0.15d	0.88±0.02e
河南省开封市	HK	大陆性季风气候	16.0	458	362.57±33.44b	7.72±0.14d	12.78±0.13b	1.19±0.06d
山东省东营市	SD	大陆性季风气候	12.1	556	546.97±35.25a	11.56±0.38c	13.12±0.14a	1.43±0.01c

表2 光谱参数描述

Table 2 Description of spectral parameters

光谱参数		定义	相关描述	参考文献
紫外参数	吸收系数α_λ	α_λ $=2.303$ A_λ/L，A_λ为吸光度，L为光路长度（m⁻¹）	表征有色溶解有机质浓度	万丹等,2022
	E₂/E₃	紫外-可见光谱在250和365 nm处吸收系数的比值	表征DOC的分子量大小	Li et al.,2014
	SUVA₂₅₄	单位DOC浓度在波长254 nm处的吸收系数（L·mg⁻¹·m⁻¹）	表征DOC的芳香性	Li et al.,2019
	SUVA₂₆₀	单位DOC浓度在波长260 nm处的吸收系数（L·mg⁻¹·m⁻¹）	表征DOC疏水性组分含量	万丹等,2022
荧光参数	荧光指数（FI）	激发波长为370 nm 时，发射波长在470 nm和 520 nm处荧光强度比值	表征DOC中腐殖质来源	Hansen et al.,2016
	腐殖化指数（HIX）	激发波长为254 nm时，发射波长在435‒480 nm间区域积分值除以300‒345 nm间区域积分值	表征DOC腐殖化程度	Nkansah et al.,2015
	自生源指数（BIX）	激发波长为310 nm时，发射波长在380 nm和 430 nm处荧光强度比值	表征DOC自生源相对贡献	Huguet et al.,2009

表2 光谱参数描述

Table 2 Description of spectral parameters

光谱参数		定义	相关描述	参考文献
紫外参数	吸收系数α_λ	α_λ $=2.303$ A_λ/L，A_λ为吸光度，L为光路长度（m⁻¹）	表征有色溶解有机质浓度	万丹等,2022
	E₂/E₃	紫外-可见光谱在250和365 nm处吸收系数的比值	表征DOC的分子量大小	Li et al.,2014
	SUVA₂₅₄	单位DOC浓度在波长254 nm处的吸收系数（L·mg⁻¹·m⁻¹）	表征DOC的芳香性	Li et al.,2019
	SUVA₂₆₀	单位DOC浓度在波长260 nm处的吸收系数（L·mg⁻¹·m⁻¹）	表征DOC疏水性组分含量	万丹等,2022
荧光参数	荧光指数（FI）	激发波长为370 nm 时，发射波长在470 nm和 520 nm处荧光强度比值	表征DOC中腐殖质来源	Hansen et al.,2016
	腐殖化指数（HIX）	激发波长为254 nm时，发射波长在435‒480 nm间区域积分值除以300‒345 nm间区域积分值	表征DOC腐殖化程度	Nkansah et al.,2015
	自生源指数（BIX）	激发波长为310 nm时，发射波长在380 nm和 430 nm处荧光强度比值	表征DOC自生源相对贡献	Huguet et al.,2009

图1 避光和光照厌氧培养过程中0.5 mol·L?1盐酸可浸提态Fe(Ⅱ)质量分数变化 NX、SX、HL、HK和SD分别表示采自宁夏回族自治区灵武市、山西省沂州市、河南省洛阳市、河南省开封市和山东省东营市5个地区的土样；误差线表示标准差（n=3）。下同

Figure 1 Mass fraction of 0.5 mol·L?1 HCl extractable Fe(Ⅱ) under anaerobic incubation in darkness or in light treatments

图2 避光和光照厌氧培养前后可溶性有机碳、游离铁和无定形铁质量分数不同小写字母表示同一土样培养前后差异显著（p<0.05）（n=3）。下同

Figure 2 Mass fraction of DOC, free iron and amorphous iron under anaerobic incubation in darkness or in light treatments

图3 避光和光照厌氧培养前后光谱特征值

Figure 3 Value of spectral eigenvalues under anaerobic incubation in darkness or in light treatments

图4 避光和光照厌氧培养过程累积碳排放特征（以风干土含碳量计）

Figure 4 Mass fraction of cumulative carbon emissions under anaerobic incubation in darkness or in light treatments

图5 避光和光照条件下碳排放特征与各参数指标的相关关系矩阵

Figure 5 Correlation matrix between content of cumulative carbon emissions and each parameter index in darkness or in light treatments

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不同光照条件下农田湿地土壤碳排放的驱动因子差异

Differences in Drivers of Agricultural Wetland Soils Carbon Emissions under Contrasting Light Conditions

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