生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1873-1888.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.10.016

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生境中土壤藻类的分布特征与生理生态学功能研究

丁胜杰1(), 徐香茹2, 朱菲菲3, 王仁霞4, 潘纲5, 崔溢1, 胡新娟1, 穆斯塔法1, 霍书豪1,*()   

  1. 1.江苏大学食品与生物工程学院，江苏 镇江 212013
    2.江苏大学农业工程学院，江苏 镇江 212013
    3.江苏大学生命科学学院，江苏 镇江 212013
    4.河北省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质大队，河北 邯郸 056001
    5.约克圣约翰大学，英国 约克，YO31 7EX
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-29 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2024-01-16
  • 通讯作者: *霍书豪。E-mail: huo@ujs.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:丁胜杰（1998年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事固氮蓝藻对土壤改良研究。E-mail: jshadsj@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32370387);国家自然科学基金项目(21978120);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2020405)

Distribution Characteristics and Physiological and Ecological Functions of Soil Algae in Different Habitats

DING Shengjie1(), XU Xiangru2, ZHU Feifei3, WANG Renxia4, PAN Gang5, CUI Yi1, HU Xinjuan1, Mostafa 1, HUO Shuhao1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
    2. School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
    3. School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
    4. The First Geological Brigade of Hebei Provincial Bureau of Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development, Handan 056001, P. R. China
    5. York St. John University, York, United Kingdom, YO31 7EX
  • Received:2023-06-29 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2024-01-16

RichHTML

PDF

摘要：

土壤藻是一类广泛存在于土壤中的微型生物。近年来，关于土壤藻的研究取得了显著的进展。首先，不同生境（荒漠、耕地、盐碱地、矿山、林地和冻原等）的土壤藻组成和丰度有所差异，这反映了其对特定环境因子的适应能力，但缺乏对多种生境的比较和综合。因此，目前对于不同生境中土壤藻的多样性、功能和适应策略的对比等问题仍然知之甚少。而土壤藻对高温、高盐、干旱和强紫外辐射等非生物因子的响应是当前研究的热点，一些研究已经揭示了土壤藻可以分泌一些营养物质来应对这些胁迫的适应机制，这些分泌物既可以改善土壤环境，还可以促进其他作物生长。文章总结了土壤藻的生理生态功能，例如，固氮作用可以吸收大气中的氮气并提高土壤藻的氮素含量，固碳作用可以通过光合作用吸收大气中的二氧化碳从而增加土壤中的碳含量，泌糖作用可以分泌胞外多糖提高土壤团聚性和吸附有害的重金属物质，溶磷作用可以溶解土壤藻难溶的磷素并将其转化为可供植物直接吸收的磷素。未来，可在不同土壤生境中，筛选出其中的优势藻种，通过富集培养再接种至土壤中，探究它与其他土壤生物群落之间的相互关系，以揭示其多样性、群落结构和适应机制的差异。随着全球气候变化的加剧，土壤藻的研究可以为人们评估和预测土壤生态系统在未来气候变化下的响应和适应能力提供新线索。

关键词: 土壤藻, 藻结皮, 土壤生境, 土壤肥力, 生态功能

Abstract:

Soil algae are microscopic organisms widely found in soil. In recent years, research on soil algae has made remarkable progress. This review focuses on the study of soil algae in different habitats (i.e., deserts, croplands, saline soils, mines, forests and tundra). These habitats vary in composition and abundance, reflecting the adaptive capacity of soil algae to specific environmental factors. However, there is a lack of comparison and synthesis across multiple habitats, leading to a poor understanding of the diversity, function, and comparative adaptive strategies of soil algae. Additionally, the response of soil algae to abiotic factors, such as high temperature, high salt, drought and strong ultraviolet radiation has become a hot topic of research. Some studies have revealed that soil algae can secrete nutrients to cope with these stress conditions, improving the soil environment and protecting the growth of other crops. Finally, the physiological and ecological functions of soil algae are summarized, including the following: nitrogen fixation, which can absorb atmospheric nitrogen and increase the nitrogen content of soil algae; carbon fixation, which can absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide through photosynthesis to increase the carbon content of the soil; sugar secretion, which can secrete extracellular polysaccharides to increase soil aggregation and adsorption of harmful heavy metals; and phosphorus solubilization, which can dissolve the insoluble phosphorus of the soil algae and convert it into phosphorus that can be directly absorbed by plants. Phosphorus solubilization can dissolve the insoluble phosphorus of soil algae and convert it into phosphorus that can be directly absorbed by plants. Looking forward, future research should focus on screening dominant algal species in different soil habitats and inoculating the soil through enrichment culture to explore their interrelationships with other soil biomes and reveal the differences in their diversity, community structure and adaptive mechanisms. With the intensification of global climate change, the study of soil algae can provide new clues for us to assess and predict the response and adaptive capacity of soil ecosystems under future climate change. Therefore, summarizing the above discussion, the review can provide some references for people to study and utilize soil algae to improve the soil environment, enhance crop growth, and cope with the challenges of various harsh environments.

Key words: soil algae, algal crust, soil environment, soil fertility, ecological function

中图分类号: