生活污水处理中微藻的优选及氮、磷转化研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1706-1715.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.017

生活污水处理中微藻的优选及氮、磷转化研究

张萍(), 方淳, 朱思涵, 韩松, 李凯, 王志康^*()

贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2021-05-10 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 王志康,男,教授,博士研究生。E-mail: wangzhikang@gzmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张萍（1990年生）,女,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向为污水处理技术与理论。E-mail: zhangping890511@163.com
基金资助:
贵州省科技厅基础研究项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Y416);贵州省科技厅基础研究项目(2019);国家自然科学基金项目(41867048);贵州民族大学自然科学类项目(GZMU2019YB16);大学生创新创业项目(201710672013)

Optimization of Microalgae Species and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Conversion for Domestic Sewage Treatment

ZHANG Ping(), FANG Chun, ZHU Sihan, HAN Song, LI Kai, WANG Zhikang^*()

College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2021-05-10 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微藻含有丰富的蛋白质、油脂、β-胡萝卜素和维生素等高价值营养成分,是重要的化工原料。利用含氮、磷和有机物的生活污水培养微藻可有效降低微藻高价值产品的生产成本,同时达到处理污水的目的。为此,以3种常见的产业微藻斜生栅藻（S. obliquus）、普通小球藻（C. vulgaris）和螺旋藻（Spirulina sp.）为研究对象,研究其在低、中、高浓度模拟生活污水中的生长情况及对污水的处理效果,并通过物料衡算探究其在氮、磷形态转化过程中的作用。结果表明：低浓度模拟生活污水中,斜生栅藻和普通小球藻均能维持较好的生长状态且普通小球藻生物量高于斜生栅藻;中、高浓度模拟生活污水中,斜生栅藻生长较好但普通小球藻生长状态较差,后期死亡;螺旋藻在低、中、高浓度的模拟生活污水中后期均出现死亡现象,表明其耐污能力较差。3种微藻对中、高浓度模拟生活污水的处理效果均不理想,但对低浓度污水处理效果较好。第6—7天,斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻对低浓度模拟生活污水中溶解性活性磷SRP的去除率分别为82.34%、85.67%和56.52%,对NH₄⁺-N去除率分别为52.16%、61.86%和36.00%。表明斜生栅藻和普通小球藻能够有效地去除低浓度生活污水中的氮、磷物质。物料衡算结果显示,9天后,低质量浓度组胞内总磷TCP分别增加了0.66、0.91、0.59 mg∙L^-1,表明微藻将污水中溶解态磷向颗粒态磷转化,这可能是去除污水中磷的主要途径;各浓度组NH₄⁺-N均有减少,而胞内总氮TCN呈增加趋势,这是因为微藻将NH₄⁺-N同化为有机氮。实验过程未发现NO₂^--N的存在,表明微藻脱氮是直接吸收NH₄⁺-N,并非通过硝化和反硝化过程完成。研究结果表明,低、中浓度生活污水可用于斜生栅藻的产业化养殖,低浓度生活污水可用于普通小球藻的产业化养殖,且均对污水具有较高的脱氮除磷效果。

关键词: 生活污水, 微藻生物量, 脱氮, 除磷, 氮转化, 磷转化

Abstract:

Microalgae are important chemical raw materials, which contain proteins, lipids, β-carotenoids and vitamins, et al.. Using domestic sewage to cultivate microalgae can reduce the cost of microalgal products and achieve sewage treatment at the same time. In this study, three common industrial microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina sp., were used to dispose the low, medium and high simulated domestic sewage. Microalgal density, water treatment effects and the role of microalgae in nitrogen and phosphorus removal process were studied. Results showed that in the low concentration domestic sewage, both Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris could maintain good growth status and the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris was higher than that of Scenedesmus obliquus. Scenedesmus obliquus grew better compared to Chlorella vulgaris in medium and high concentration of domestic sewage. However, Spirulina sp. died in the middle and late stages in all domestic sewage, indicating a bad fouling resistance ability. This indicated that the selected microalgae are not ideal for the treatment of medium and high concentration domestic sewage, but have better treatment effects for low concentration domestic sewage. During day 6-7, the removal rates of SRP and NH₄⁺-N in the low concentration domestic sewage were 82.34%, 85.67%, 56.52% and 52.16%, 61.86% 36.00% for Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina sp., respectively. Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris could remove both nitrogen and phosphorus effectively in low concentration sewage. Material balance results showed that after 9 days, the TCP increased by 0.66 mg∙L^-1, 0.91 mg∙L^-1 and 0.59 mg∙L^-1 in the low mass concentration group, respectively, indicating microalgae converted dissolved phosphorus to granular phosphorus in wastewater, which may be the main way to remove phosphorus. NH₄⁺-N decreased in all groups, while TCN increased for microalgae assimilated NH₄⁺-N into organic nitrogen. NO₂^--N did not occur during the experiment, indicating that the denitrification of NH₄⁺-N was assimilation instead of nitrification and denitrification. In conclusion, low and medium concentration of domestic sewage could be used in the cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus and low concentration domestic sewage could be suitable in the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris. And both algae had high nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect on sewage treatment.

Key words: domestic sewage, microalgae biomass, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, nitrogen conversion, phosphorus conversion

中图分类号:

X703.1

张萍, 方淳, 朱思涵, 韩松, 李凯, 王志康. 生活污水处理中微藻的优选及氮、磷转化研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1706-1715.

ZHANG Ping, FANG Chun, ZHU Sihan, HAN Song, LI Kai, WANG Zhikang. Optimization of Microalgae Species and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Conversion for Domestic Sewage Treatment[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1706-1715.

图/表 9

表1 模拟生活污水的成分

Table 1 Simulated domestic sewage composition

成分 Component	低质量浓度 Low mass concentration/ (mg·L^-1)	中质量浓度 Medium mass concentration/ (mg·L^-1)	高质量浓度 High mass concentration/ (mg·L^-1)
K₂HPO₄∙3H₂O	18.4	55.25	110.5
NH₄Cl	57.3	114.6	229.3
C₆H₁₂O₆	94.32	235.8	471.7
MgSO₄∙7H₂O	75	75	75
CaCl₂∙2H₂O	36	36	36
C₆H₈FeNO₇	6	6	6
EDTA-Na₂	1	1	1
H₃BO₃	2.86	2.86	2.86
MnCl₂∙4H₂O	1.86	1.86	1.86
ZnSO₄∙7H₂O	0.22	0.22	0.22
CuSO₄∙5H₂O	0.08	0.08	0.08
Na₂MoO₄∙2H₂O	0.39	0.39	0.39
Co(NO₃)₂∙6H₂O	0.05	0.05	0.05

图1 不同质量浓度模拟生活污水中微藻生物量随时间变化 Ⅰ为适应期,Ⅱ为对数生长期;a,c和e为藻细胞OD680值,b和d为藻细胞密度

Fig. 1 Changes of microalgae biomass in simulated domestic sewage with different mass concentrations over time Ⅰ refer to adaptation phase, Ⅱ refer to logarithmic growth phase; a, c and e refer to algae cell OD680, b and d refer to algae cell density

图2 低、中、高质量浓度模拟生活污水中各微藻生长情况 ×400倍显微镜视野：L,M,H分别表示低,中和高质量浓度;a—c斜生栅藻,d—f小球藻,g—i螺旋藻

Fig. 2 Growth of various microalgae in low, medium and high mass concentration simulated domestic sewage ×400 microscope field of view: L, M, H refer to low mass concentration, medium mass concentration, and high mass concentration; a-c refer to S. obliquus, d-f refer to C. vulgaris, g-i refer to Spirulina sp.

图3 各处理组pH变化 a：斜生栅藻 S. obliquus;b：普通小球藻 C. vulgaris;c：螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.

Fig. 3 Changes of pH in each treatment group

表2 3种微藻对不同质量浓度模拟生活污水中SRP的去除率

Table 2 Removal efficiency of SRP from simulated domestic sewage with different mass concentrations by three microalgae

污水类型 Type of wastewater	藻种 Algae species	SRP 去除率 SRP removal efficiency/%
污水类型 Type of wastewater	藻种 Algae species	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	7 d	8 d	9 d
低质量浓度 Low mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	31.53	44.02	45.69	66.51	74.01	82.34	76.51	74.01	75.68
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	29.86	35.69	55.68	74.84	78.18	84.84	85.67	78.18	78.18
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	31.53	27.36	49.85	53.19	53.19	56.52	54.85	49.02	47.35
中质量浓度 Medium mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	19.42	20.81	27.47	35.80	41.91	54.68	51.63	52.19	52.74
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	18.31	23.86	28.86	36.91	36.36	45.24	50.80	51.63	49.41
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	17.20	18.59	25.53	33.30	33.30	40.25	38.30	38.30	36.36
高质量浓度 High mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	14.45	16.95	23.34	29.17	29.17	36.80	39.02	40.69	44.58
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	17.23	18.48	21.67	27.08	27.50	36.94	35.70	38.61	40.97
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	14.87	18.34	21.53	25.14	22.50	22.36	28.06	27.50	30.97

表3 3种微藻对不同质量浓度模拟生活污水中NH4+-N的去除率

Table 3 Removal efficiency of NH4+-N from simulated domestic sewage with different mass concentrations by three microalgae

污水类型 Type of wastewater	藻种 Algae species	NH₄⁺-N去除率 NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency/%
污水类型 Type of wastewater	藻种 Algae species	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	7 d	8 d	9 d
低质量浓度 Low mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	17.82	19.84	29.54	33.98	46.10	52.16	49.74	44.08	47.72
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	15.80	7.31	45.70	56.20	61.86	60.24	56.20	30.34	46.51
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	12.16	-8.44	6.91	33.17	27.52	36.00	26.30	24.69	20.24
中质量浓度 Medium mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	-38.67	-24.73	-13.82	-6.95	5.17	16.89	14.26	9.01	10.42
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	-28.77	-36.24	-10.99	-0.89	-5.13	8.61	22.55	14.67	7.39
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	-34.42	-34.83	-30.99	-4.32	-5.33	2.55	1.13	5.37	-0.08
高质量浓度 High mass concentration	斜生栅藻 S. obliquus	-30.85	-28.02	-15.49	-12.46	-2.97	0.97	-0.65	11.27	9.25
	普通小球藻 C. vulgaris	-28.53	-35.90	-17.62	-7.41	-5.29	-3.68	1.88	8.34	12.79
	螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.	-42.77	-36.10	-24.59	-13.37	-18.12	-17.82	-10.85	-9.33	-2.67

图4 低质量浓度模拟生活污水中氮、磷形态变化 a,c和e表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态氮质量浓度的变化情况;b,d和f表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态磷质量浓度的变化情况

Fig. 4 Transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus form in low mass concentration simulated domestic sewage a, c and e refer to different forms of nitrogen mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.;figure b, d and f refer to different forms of phosphorus mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.

图5 中质量浓度模拟生活污水中氮、磷形态变化 a,c和e表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态氮质量浓度的变化情况;b,d和f表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态磷质量浓度的变化情况

Fig. 5 Transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus form in medium mass concentration simulated domestic sewage a, c and e refer to different forms of nitrogen mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.;figure b, d and f refer to different forms of phosphorus mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.

图6 高质量浓度模拟生活污水中氮、磷形态变化 a,c和e表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态氮质量浓度的变化情况;b,d和f表示：斜生栅藻、普通小球藻和螺旋藻处理污水后,各形态磷质量浓度的变化情况

Fig. 6 Transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus form in high mass concentration simulated domestic sewage a, c and e refer to different forms of nitrogen mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.;figure b, d and f refer to different forms of phosphorus mass concentration in wastewater treated by S. obliquus, C. vulgaris and Spirulina sp.

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生活污水处理中微藻的优选及氮、磷转化研究

Optimization of Microalgae Species and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Conversion for Domestic Sewage Treatment

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