Effects of Winter Green Manure Planting on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Red Soil Young Citrus Orchard

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.09.009

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1623-1631.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.09.009

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Winter Green Manure Planting on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Red Soil Young Citrus Orchard

LIU Han¹^,²^,³(), WANG Ping²^,^3*(), SUN Luyuan²^,³, QING Wenjing²^,³, CHEN Xiaofen²^,³, CHEN Jin²^,³, ZHOU Guopeng⁴, LIANG Ting⁴, LIU Jia²^,³^,^**(), LI Yanli¹^,^**()

1. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P. R. China
2. Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
3. Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China

Received:2023-03-09 Online:2023-09-18 Published:2023-12-11

种植冬绿肥对红壤幼龄橘园土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活的影响

刘晗¹^,²^,³(), 王萍²^,³^*(), 孙鲁沅²^,³, 秦文婧²^,³, 陈晓芬²^,³, 陈金²^,³, 周国朋⁴, 梁婷⁴, 刘佳²^,³^,^**(), 李燕丽¹^,^**()

1.长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025
2.江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，江西南昌 330200
3.农业农村部酸化土改良与利用重点实验室，江西南昌 330200
4.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

通讯作者: ^**刘佳。E-mail: liujia422@126.com;李燕丽。E-mail: 331057380@qq.com
作者简介:刘晗（1998年生），男，硕士研究生，从事绿肥利用及农业生态环境研究。E-mail: liuh5917@163.com第一联系人：^*共同第一作者：王萍（1981年生），女，从事土壤改良与培肥研究。E-mail: wpingtf@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901201);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900605);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-22);江西省科技项目(20203ABC28W014);江西省科技项目(20212BBF63007);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201904)

Abstract

Abstract:

Growing and utilizing green manure is an effective practice to improve orchard soil fertility and fruit yield and quality. To select the appropriate winter green manure varieties for young citrus orchard in red soil in Jiangxi Province, four different winter green manure varieties, i.e., Viciavillosa Roth, Raphanus sativus, Lolium Perenne and Vulpia myuros, were interplanted in orange orchards. We grew different winter green manure varieties and measured soil chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and enzyme activities. The results showed that compared with the natural weed, growing winter green manure in a short-term had less effect on soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen, and had an improvement effect on soil available nutrients, and there was no significant effect on soil physicochemical properties. Growing winter green manure improved soil biochemical properties, increased MBC and MBN by 47.9%-114% and 75.9%-292%, respectively, decreased the ratio of MBC/MBN by 14.2%-53.7%, and Vulpia myuros and Lolium Perenne had the best effect. Growing winter green manure also improved the activities of soil enzymes, including soil catalase (1.70%-20.0%), acid phosphatase (15.8%-78.9%), urease (13.8%-46.6%), invertase (13.7%-55.5%), peroxidase (120%-218%) and polyphenol oxidase (4.70%-55.2%), and the best effect was found in Vulpia myuros and Lolium Perenne. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the soil biochemical properties of each treatment, and the scores were ranked as: Vulpia myuros (1.07)>Lolium perenne (0.93)>Viciavillosa Roth (0.20)>Raphanus sativus (−0.24)>natural weed (−2.31). Furthermore, the cluster analysis was used to reveal the category and that could be divided into three categories: (I) Vulpia myuros and Lolium Perenne, (II) Viciavillosa Roth and Raphanus sativus, (III) natural weed. In conclusion, growing winter green manure could significantly improve the soil fertility of young orange orchard in red soil, especially the biochemical properties, i.e., soil microbial carbon and nitrogen concentration and enzyme activities. Vulpia myuros and Lolium perenne are recommended as winter green manure in practice. This study provides a technical reference for soil fertility and green ecological cultivation of young orchards in the red soil region, and could contribute to the coordinated improvement of the quality of characteristic fruits in South China and the healthy and sustainable development of related industries.

Key words: winter green manure, young citrus orchard in red soil, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil enzyme activities, comprehensive evaluation

摘要：

种植绿肥是培肥改良果园土壤、提高水果产量品质的有效措施。为筛选适宜江西红壤幼龄橘园种植的冬绿肥品种，在橘园行间播种毛叶苕子（Viciavillosa Roth）、肥田萝卜（Raphanus sativus）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、鼠茅草（Vulpia myuros）等4种冬绿肥，研究种植不同冬绿肥对土壤化学性质、微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响。结果表明，与自然生草相比，短期种植冬绿肥对土壤pH、有机质和全氮的影响较小，对土壤速效养分有一定的提升效果，但均未发生显著变化。种植冬绿肥明显改善了土壤生化性质，使土壤MBC和MBN分别增加47.9%－114%和75.9%－292%，使MBC/MBN降低14.2%－53.7%，其中鼠茅草和黑麦草处理效果最佳；种植冬绿肥还提高了土壤过氧化氢酶（1.70%－20.0%）、酸性磷酸酶（15.8%－78.9%）、脲酶（13.8%－46.6%）、转化酶（13.7%－55.5%）、过氧化物酶（120%－218%）、多酚氧化酶（4.70%－55.2%）等6种酶的活性，仍以鼠茅草和黑麦草的效果最佳。运用主成分分析对各处理的土壤生化性质进行综合评价，其得分排序为：鼠茅草 (1.07)>黑麦草 (0.93)>毛叶苕子 (0.20)>肥田萝卜 (−0.24)>自然生草 (−2.31)，进一步运用聚类分析可将其分为3类：鼠茅草和黑麦草（第Ⅰ类）、毛叶苕子和肥田萝卜（第Ⅱ类）、自然生草（第Ⅲ类）。综上，种植冬绿肥可明显改善红壤幼龄橘园的土壤肥力状况，对土壤微生物量碳、氮含量和酶活性等生化性质的提升尤为明显，在实际生产中优先推荐鼠茅草、黑麦草作为冬绿肥品种。该研究为红壤区幼龄果园的土壤肥力培育、绿色生态种植提供了技术参考，有助于南方特色水果的量质协同提升和相关产业的健康可持续发展。

关键词: 冬绿肥, 红壤幼龄橘园, 土壤微生物量碳氮, 土壤酶活, 综合评价

CLC Number:

LIU Han, WANG Ping, SUN Luyuan, QING Wenjing, CHEN Xiaofen, CHEN Jin, ZHOU Guopeng, LIANG Ting, LIU Jia, LI Yanli. Effects of Winter Green Manure Planting on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Red Soil Young Citrus Orchard[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(9): 1623-1631.

刘晗, 王萍, 孙鲁沅, 秦文婧, 陈晓芬, 陈金, 周国朋, 梁婷, 刘佳, 李燕丽. 种植冬绿肥对红壤幼龄橘园土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(9): 1623-1631.

Figures/Tables 7

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处理	地上部鲜质量/ (kg•hm⁻²)	生物量/ (kg•hm⁻²)	含水量/ %
自然生草 Natural weed	17767±2907cd	2161±489c	87.8
毛叶苕子 Viciavillosa Roth	24392±4596c	3540±810b	85.5
肥田萝卜 Raphanus sativus	54275±14439a	6164±1515a	88.6
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	40475±7767b	5464±1542a	86.5
鼠茅草 Vulpia myuros	12217±486d	2069±151c	83.1

处理	地上部鲜质量/ (kg•hm⁻²)	生物量/ (kg•hm⁻²)	含水量/ %
自然生草 Natural weed	17767±2907cd	2161±489c	87.8
毛叶苕子 Viciavillosa Roth	24392±4596c	3540±810b	85.5
肥田萝卜 Raphanus sativus	54275±14439a	6164±1515a	88.6
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	40475±7767b	5464±1542a	86.5
鼠茅草 Vulpia myuros	12217±486d	2069±151c	83.1

处理	pH	w_(有机质)/(g•kg⁻¹)	w_(全氮)/(g•kg⁻¹)	w_(碱解氮)/(mg•kg⁻¹)	w_(有效磷)/(mg•kg⁻¹)	w_(速效钾)/(mg•kg⁻¹)
自然生草 Natural weed	4.74±0.14a	18.74±3.37a	0.73±0.14a	63.8±10.8a	3.0±2.3a	96.0±6.4a
毛叶苕子 Viciavillosa Roth	4.64±0.58a	18.80±2.58a	0.84±0.08a	83.6±15.6a	3.6±0.1a	115.7±13.8a
肥田萝卜 Raphanus sativus	4.62±0.28a	16.80±0.66a	0.79±0.07a	67.7±14.8a	3.6±1.3a	102.0±24.8a
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	4.65±0.11a	18.02±1.72a	0.81±0.12a	74.6±8.4a	3.2±1.1a	96.0±3.4a
鼠茅草 Vulpia myuros	4.75±0.03a	17.62±2.54a	0.79±0.16a	83.2±4.6a	4.9±0.6a	107.5±4.7a

处理	pH	w_(有机质)/(g•kg⁻¹)	w_(全氮)/(g•kg⁻¹)	w_(碱解氮)/(mg•kg⁻¹)	w_(有效磷)/(mg•kg⁻¹)	w_(速效钾)/(mg•kg⁻¹)
自然生草 Natural weed	4.74±0.14a	18.74±3.37a	0.73±0.14a	63.8±10.8a	3.0±2.3a	96.0±6.4a
毛叶苕子 Viciavillosa Roth	4.64±0.58a	18.80±2.58a	0.84±0.08a	83.6±15.6a	3.6±0.1a	115.7±13.8a
肥田萝卜 Raphanus sativus	4.62±0.28a	16.80±0.66a	0.79±0.07a	67.7±14.8a	3.6±1.3a	102.0±24.8a
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	4.65±0.11a	18.02±1.72a	0.81±0.12a	74.6±8.4a	3.2±1.1a	96.0±3.4a
鼠茅草 Vulpia myuros	4.75±0.03a	17.62±2.54a	0.79±0.16a	83.2±4.6a	4.9±0.6a	107.5±4.7a

处理	样点得分		样点加权得分		综合得分
处理	PCA1	PCA2	PCA1	PCA2	综合得分
自然生草 Natural weed	−2.81± 0.38d	0.18± 0.59abc	−2.33± 0.31d	0.02± 0.06abc	−2.31± 0.28c
毛叶苕子 Viciavillosa Roth	0.22± 0.42bc	0.10± 0.37bc	0.19± 0.35bc	0.01± 0.04bc	0.20± 0.32b
肥田萝卜 Raphanus sativus	−0.26± 0.66c	−0.19± 0.43c	−0.22± 0.55c	−0.02± 0.05c	−0.24± 0.51b
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	0.97± 1.10ab	1.16± 1.35a	0.80± 0.91ab	0.13± 0.15a	0.93± 0.80a
鼠茅草 Vulpia myuros	1.17± 0.60a	0.89± 0.80ab	0.97± 0.50a	0.10± 0.09ab	1.07± 0.50a

Effects of Winter Green Manure Planting on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Red Soil Young Citrus Orchard

种植冬绿肥对红壤幼龄橘园土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活的影响

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