Abstract:

To investigate the current status, distribution characteristics, and variations of salt ions in alpine salt marsh wetlands, three typical vegetation communities (Dichanthium sericeum, Maranta arundinacea, and weed communities) were selected in the Daotang River salt marsh wetland of the Qinghai Lake Basin (36°27′20″N, 100°51′30.9″E). A total of 72 sample plots were investigated for vegetation characteristics, and 216 soil samples were collected from the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm layers for analysis of the distribution characteristics of eight salt ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, CO₃²⁻, and HCO₃⁻) in each layer. The results showed that: 1) The Shannon-Wiener index (1.50), Simpson index (0.74), and Margalof index (3.08) of the Maranta arundinacea community were significantly higher than those of the Dichanthium sericeum (0.47, 0.21, 2.49) and weed communities (1.25, 0.65, 2.49). 2) Different vegetation communities exhibited varying effects on the accumulation of ions in the soil, particularly the weed community, which showed significantly higher Na⁺ (6.52±0.24) g∙kg⁻¹ and Cl⁻ (8.01±0.32) g∙kg⁻¹ concentrations in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared to the 20-30 cm layer [Na⁺ (2.54±0.18) g∙kg⁻¹, Cl⁻ (2.00±0.05) g∙kg⁻¹]. The effects of Dichanthium sericeum and Maranta arundinacea communities on soil salt ions were weaker. Soil salt ions exhibited a surface accumulation pattern, and soil salinization was primarily controlled by Na⁺ and Cl⁻. 3) There was a significant negative correlation (r>0.5, p<0.01) between the soil salt ions Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, CO₃²⁻, and SO₄²⁻and the vegetation cover, height, and density of the communities. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of restoration measures for alpine salt marsh wetlands and offers important references for understanding vegetation succession and regional change.

Key words: alpine wetland, salt marsh wetlands, vegetation community, soil saltion, Qinghai Lake Basin

摘要：

为探究高寒盐沼湿地的现状和盐分离子分布特征及变化规律，在青海湖流域倒淌河盐沼湿地（36°27′20″N，100°51′30.9″E）选取3个典型植被群落（华扁穗草、马蔺和杂草群落）共72个样方进行植被群落特征调查，采集0－10、10－20、20－30 cm土壤样品216个，分析各土层8种盐离子（Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺、SO₄²⁻、Cl⁻、CO₃²⁻、HCO₃⁻）的含量分布特征。结果表明，1）马蔺群落的Shannon-Wiener指数（1.50）、Simpson指数（0.74）、Margalof指数（3.08）均显著高于华扁穗草群落（0.47、0.21、2.49）和杂草群落（1.25、0.65、2.49）。2）不同植被群落对土壤中离子的富集作用存在差异，尤其是杂草群落在0－10 cm土层中Na⁺的质量分数 (6.52±0.24) g∙kg⁻¹和Cl⁻的质量分数 (8.01±0.32) g∙kg⁻¹分别显著高于20－30 cm土层中的Na⁺的质量分数 (2.54±0.18) g∙kg⁻¹和Cl⁻的质量分数 (2.00±0.05) g∙kg⁻¹，而华扁穗草群落和马蔺群落对土壤盐离子含量的影响较弱。土壤盐离子呈表聚特征，土壤盐渍化主要受Na⁺和Cl⁻的控制。3）盐离子Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl⁻、CO₃²⁻、SO₄²⁻的含量与群落植被盖度、高度和密度呈显著的负相关关系（r>0.5，p<0.01）。该研究可为高寒盐沼湿地修复措施的制定提供理论依据，也为理解该地区植物群落演替变化提供参考。

关键词: 高寒湿地, 盐沼湿地, 植被群落, 土壤盐分离子, 青海湖流域