Abstract:

In northern provinces, the winter heating method dominated by bulk coal burning is one of the important reasons affecting regional air quality. In order to implement the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, regions represented by Shanxi Province have promoted the implementation of clean heating projects on a large scale. The project is an important measure to optimize energy structure and improve air quality. However, the effect and economic cost of emission reduction are not clear, and it is also not clear whether the integration of economic and environmental benefits is promoted. On the basis of remote sensing and field investigation methods, the emission inventory of clean heating pollutants for rural residents in Xinzhou City was investigated. The results show that the total amount of coal consumption in typical rural areas in 2016 is 100.0×10⁴ t, and the emissions of PM₁₀, integrated PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO_x are 8820.0, 6860.0, 7400.0 t and 1600.0 t, respectively. PM₁₀, PM_2.5. SO₂ in rural residents are reduced by 29.5%, 23.5% and 24.8%, respectively. NO_x increased 32.9% after clean heating. Rural residents need to pay 11.41×10⁸ yuan per year, an increase of 1.17×10⁸ yuan compared with that before the clean heating, and the government subsidizes 3.28×10⁸ yuan per year. After clean heating, the heating cost of rural residents has increased by 4.45×10⁸ yuan, and the CO₂ emission is 1.5 times that before the clean heating. From the economic point of view, the average household heating cost after the transformation of central heating and coal to electricity is greater than that before the transformation. However, it will increase CO₂ emissions, which is not conducive to the realization of the carbon peak goal. Therefore, it needs more attention. Although there are subsidies, it will also bring a certain economic burden to rural residents. If the financial subsidy refund policy no longer implements heating subsidies to rural residents, the greater economic pressure may cause some residents to reuse coal and bring harm to the atmospheric environment.

Key words: clean heating, emission reduction benefit, emission inventory, residential coal combustion, coal to electricity, double carbon, Xinzhou City

摘要：

冬季以散烧煤为主的采暖方式是影响北方区域大气质量环境的重要原因之一。为了贯彻实施《大气污染防治行动计划》，以山西省等为代表的地区大规模推进清洁取暖工程。目前，清洁取暖带来的减排效果和经济效益尚不清楚。以忻州市为研究对象，采取遥感和实地调查方法，探究“双碳”背景下农村居民清洁取暖碳排放情况和污染物减排效果，并计算了清洁取暖工程的经济成本。结果表明，2016年忻州市农村居民共消耗生活燃煤1.0×10⁶ t，PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO_x的排放量分别为8820.0、6860.0、7400.0、1600.0 t；改造后PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂分别削减了29.5%、23.5%和24.8%，NO_x增加了32.9%；改造后农村居民每年需支付1.141×10⁹元，较改造前增加了1.17×10⁸元，政府每年补贴3.28×10⁸元，改造后农村居民取暖费用比改造前增加了4.45×10⁸元；改造后，CO₂排放量为改造前的1.5倍。从减排效益看，大面积实施清洁取暖具有明显的污染物减排效果，但会造成CO₂排放量的增加，不利于碳达峰目标的实现。从经济性看，集中供热和煤改电改造后的户均取暖成本均大于改造前，虽有政府补贴，仍给农村居民造成一定的经济负担。若财政补贴退政策不再对农村居民实施取暖补贴，较大的经济压力可能会导致部分居民重新使用散烧煤，给大气环境带来污染压力。

关键词: 清洁取暖, 减排效益, 排放清单, 生活燃煤, 煤改电, 双碳, 忻州市