Abstract:

Mining activities contribute to China's economic development but also pose a series of ecological challenges. Real-time, objective, and accurate dynamic assessment of the regional ecological environment is crucial. Using the Ili River Valley as a case study, this study comprehensively constructed ecological zones based on Landsat 8 satellite images, nighttime light data, land-use data, and statistical yearbook data from 2013 to 2021. The ecological zones considered both ecological vulnerability and ecosystem service value, providing a multi-faceted perspective on regional ecological issues. The study analyzed the correlation between natural and social factors in high vulnerability-high supply and low vulnerability-low supply regions, exploring the main influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for environmental governance and rational use of the natural environment in the arid Northwest. Results show that: 1) ecological improvements in the Ili River Valley mining area from 2013 to 2021 were observed, with highly fragile areas decreasing from 6% in 2013 to 3% in 2021. Overall, the area was gradually transitioning to mild and light fragility, now constituting 30% of the valley's total area. 2) Cropland, forestland, bare land, and artificial surface ecosystems showed an increasing trend throughout the study period, mainly due to grassland exhibiting the highest proportion and ecological supply value exceeding 51%. 3) High vulnerability-high supply (Ⅰ) ecological zones were distributed in the southern and eastern regions in a strip pattern, showing a decreasing trend. Low vulnerability-low supply (Ⅲ) ecological zones were mainly found in the northern and central parts, increasing annually, with most expansion originating from the transformation of Ⅱ ecological zones. 4) Vegetation cover, per capita GDP, and livestock unit density were the main influencing factors in Zone I, while land-use type, vegetation cover, and humidity were crucial for Zone III. Drawing upon the findings from Zones Ⅰ and Ⅲ, a strategic regulation of the myriad factors impacting the Ili River Valley is projected to markedly enhance the ecological milieu.

Key words: ecological vulnerability, ecosystem service value, ecological zones, driving factor, Ili River Valley, temporal and spatial changes

摘要：

矿山开采为中国经济发展做出贡献的同时也带来一系列生态问题，对区域生态环境进行实时、客观、准确的动态评价显得尤为重要。以伊犁河谷为例，基于2013、2015、2017、2019、2021年的Landsat8遥感影像、夜光遥感数据、土地利用数据和统计年鉴数据从生态脆弱性和生态系统服务价值两方面综合构建伊犁河谷生态分区，避免从单一角度考虑区域生态环境的不足，同时分析自然因素和社会因素对高脆弱-高供给和低脆弱-低供给区域的相关性，探究该区域的主要影响因子，为西北干旱区环境治理及合理利用自然环境的社会供给价值提供科学依据。结果表明，1）2013－2021年伊犁河谷矿区生态环境明显改善，极度脆弱区从2013年的6%下降到2021年的3%，整体逐渐转为微度和轻度脆弱的面积占谷地总面积的30%。2）在整个研究期内耕地、林地、裸地、人造地表生态系统呈上升趋势，这些大部分来源于草地。草地在所有土地利用类型中占比最高且生态供给值最高，均达到51%以上。3）高脆弱-高供给区（Ⅰ）生态分区呈带状分布于南部和东部地区，呈减小发展趋势，低脆弱-低供给区（Ⅲ）生态分区主要分布在北部和中部部分区域，该区域逐年递增且增加的区域大部分来源于第Ⅱ生态分区的转化。4）植被覆盖度、人均生产总值、牧羊单位密度是Ⅰ分区的主要影响因素，Ⅲ分区的主要影响因素为土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、湿度。以Ⅰ、Ⅲ分区的研究结果作为参考，对伊犁河谷的各种影响因素进行调控，生态环境将会得到明显改善。

关键词: 生态脆弱性, 生态系统服务价值, 生态分区, 驱动因子, 伊犁河谷, 时空变化