硅藻土在环境领域的研究和应用

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.019

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2441-2448.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.019

• 综述 • 上一篇

硅藻土在环境领域的研究和应用

张义¹^,²^,^*(), 朱吉颖¹^,²(), 张聪³, 王柔¹^,², 邹羿菱云¹^,², 吴振斌¹

1.中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态和生物技术国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司，湖北武汉 430060

收稿日期:2022-03-31 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2023-02-15
通讯作者: *张义, E-mail: zhangyi@ihb.ac.cn
作者简介:张义（1985年生），男（土家族），研究员，博士后，研究方向为内源污染控制和水体生态修复等。E-mail: zhangyi@ihb.ac.cn第一联系人：
#共同第一作者：朱吉颖（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为内源污染控制与修复、新型环保复合材料研制及应用等。E-mail: zhujiying21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51709254);矿山场地污染修复湖南省工程研究中心开放基金重点项目(KS-2021KDJJA01)

Research and Application of Diatomite in the Field of Eco-environment

ZHANG Yi¹^,²^,^*(), ZHU Jiying¹^,²(), ZHANG Cong³, WANG Rou¹^,², ZOU Yilingyun¹^,², WU Zhenbin¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3. Communications Construction Company Second Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-31 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2023-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国硅藻土储量丰富，在东北、云南等地都有大量分布，是宝贵的矿产资源。硅藻土密度低、比表面积大、具有多孔性、化学稳定性高，颗粒中的硅质多孔结构分布规律且贯通纳米孔道。硅藻土及其改性产物在应用于生态环境领域后对环境无污染，符合绿色生态理念，是极具前景的环保材料之一。在对国内外文献资料进行研究的基础上，通过对硅藻土在水处理、固体废物处理、空气净化及土壤改良等领域研究和应用的总结，明确了硅藻土在生态环境领域中的重要应用价值。硅藻土对不同类型的污水都有较好的净化效果，已被应用于工业废水、城镇生活污水、污染河流等的净化；硅藻土在固体废物处理上的研究较少，仍处于初步探索阶段，未来仍存在很大的发展空间；在净化空气领域，硅藻土主要作为吸附材料去除甲醛、NH₃、大气颗粒物等污染物，吸附效果明显；硅藻土能够有效降低土壤中污染物的含量，同时改善土壤理化性质，增强土壤肥力，将硅藻土应用于土壤改良具有良好的发展前景。目前对硅藻土的研究大多处于实验室阶段，鲜见实践研究，且对硅藻土作用于不同污染物的机理研究还不够透彻，还存在再生、回收等问题。未来如何更加广泛化、工业化地发挥硅藻土在环境领域的应用优势值得更深入细致的研究，这对提高环境质量具有重要意义。

关键词: 硅藻土, 水处理, 固体废物处理, 空气净化, 土壤改良, 研究与应用

Abstract:

Diatomite is a precious mineral resource in China, widely distributed in northeast China and Yunnan Province. Diatomite is characterized by low density, large specific surface area and high porosity. It is mainly composed of silica and has regular pore through nanopores. As one of the most promising environmental protection materials, natural and modified diatomite has no pollution to the environment during the application in the field of environment. This study summarizes the research and application in the field of environmental protection including water treatment, solid waste treatment, air purification and soil improvement, so as to clarify the important application value of diatomite in the ecological environment. Diatomite has a good purification effect on different types of sewage such as industrial wastewater, urban sewage, polluted rivers and so on. The research of diatomite in solid waste treatment is still in the preliminary exploration stage, and there is still a great space for the development in the future. In the field of air purification, diatomite is mainly used as the adsorption material to remove pollutants such as formaldehyde, NH₃ and atmospheric particles. Diatomite can effectively reduce the content of pollutants in soil, improve the physical and chemical properties, and enhance soil fertility, so the application of diatomite in soil improvement has a good developmental prospect. At present, research on diatomite is mostly in the laboratory stage and rarely applied in real cases. Moreover, the mechanism of diatomite acting on different pollutants is not thoroughly studied, and there are still problems to be solved such as regeneration and recycling issues. How to take full advantage of diatomite more widely in an industrial way in the field of environment is worthy of in-depth and detailed research, which is of great significance to improve the environmental quality.

Key words: diatomite, water treatment, solid waste treatment, air purification, soil improvement, research and application

中图分类号:

张义, 朱吉颖, 张聪, 王柔, 邹羿菱云, 吴振斌. 硅藻土在环境领域的研究和应用[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(12): 2441-2448.

ZHANG Yi, ZHU Jiying, ZHANG Cong, WANG Rou, ZOU Yilingyun, WU Zhenbin. Research and Application of Diatomite in the Field of Eco-environment[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(12): 2441-2448.

图/表 1

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形态 Speciation	改性方法 Modification method	吸附条件 Adsorption conditions			吸附容量 Adsorption capacity/(mg∙g⁻¹)	Reference
形态 Speciation	改性方法 Modification method	温度Temperature/℃	pH	投加量 Dosage/(g∙L⁻¹)	吸附容量 Adsorption capacity/(mg∙g⁻¹)	Reference
镉(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)	—	23	4	1	0.14	Al-Degs et al., 2000
镉(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)	MnCl₂	25	4	5	0.66	Ma et al., 2017
铅(Ⅱ) Pb(Ⅱ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.09	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铅(Ⅱ) Pb(Ⅱ)	微波+超声+酸化	25	6.5	0.5	76.30	张馨予等, 2018
汞(Ⅱ) Hg(Ⅱ)	—	20	5	20	0.34	Caner et al., 2015
汞(Ⅱ) Hg(Ⅱ)	壳聚糖	20	5	20	116.20	Caner et al., 2015
砷(Ⅴ) As(Ⅴ)	—	25	7	0.4	0.24	Du et al., 2014
砷(Ⅴ) As(Ⅴ)	α-Fe₂O₃	25	7	0.4	1.44	Du et al., 2014
砷(Ⅲ) As(Ⅲ)	FeSO₄∙7H₂O	25	7.5	10	16.48	Knoerr et al., 2013
铜(Ⅱ) Cu(Ⅱ)	—	23	4	1	0.33	Al-Degs et al., 2000
铜(Ⅱ) Cu(Ⅱ)	MnO₂	23	4	1	0.80	Al-Degs et al., 2000
铬(Ⅲ) Cr(Ⅲ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.27	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铬(Ⅵ) Cr(Ⅵ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.17	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铬(Ⅵ) Cr(Ⅵ)	MnO₂	25	2	0.4	0.93	Du et al., 2015
锌(Ⅱ) Zn(Ⅱ)	—	25	7	10	0.25	Caliskan et al., 2011
锌(Ⅱ) Zn(Ⅱ)	MnO₂	25	7	10	0.42	Caliskan et al., 2011

形态 Speciation	改性方法 Modification method	吸附条件 Adsorption conditions			吸附容量 Adsorption capacity/(mg∙g⁻¹)	Reference
形态 Speciation	改性方法 Modification method	温度Temperature/℃	pH	投加量 Dosage/(g∙L⁻¹)	吸附容量 Adsorption capacity/(mg∙g⁻¹)	Reference
镉(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)	—	23	4	1	0.14	Al-Degs et al., 2000
镉(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ)	MnCl₂	25	4	5	0.66	Ma et al., 2017
铅(Ⅱ) Pb(Ⅱ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.09	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铅(Ⅱ) Pb(Ⅱ)	微波+超声+酸化	25	6.5	0.5	76.30	张馨予等, 2018
汞(Ⅱ) Hg(Ⅱ)	—	20	5	20	0.34	Caner et al., 2015
汞(Ⅱ) Hg(Ⅱ)	壳聚糖	20	5	20	116.20	Caner et al., 2015
砷(Ⅴ) As(Ⅴ)	—	25	7	0.4	0.24	Du et al., 2014
砷(Ⅴ) As(Ⅴ)	α-Fe₂O₃	25	7	0.4	1.44	Du et al., 2014
砷(Ⅲ) As(Ⅲ)	FeSO₄∙7H₂O	25	7.5	10	16.48	Knoerr et al., 2013
铜(Ⅱ) Cu(Ⅱ)	—	23	4	1	0.33	Al-Degs et al., 2000
铜(Ⅱ) Cu(Ⅱ)	MnO₂	23	4	1	0.80	Al-Degs et al., 2000
铬(Ⅲ) Cr(Ⅲ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.27	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铬(Ⅵ) Cr(Ⅵ)	—	25	4.5	4	0.17	Abu-Zurayk et al., 2015
铬(Ⅵ) Cr(Ⅵ)	MnO₂	25	2	0.4	0.93	Du et al., 2015
锌(Ⅱ) Zn(Ⅱ)	—	25	7	10	0.25	Caliskan et al., 2011
锌(Ⅱ) Zn(Ⅱ)	MnO₂	25	7	10	0.42	Caliskan et al., 2011

硅藻土在环境领域的研究和应用

Research and Application of Diatomite in the Field of Eco-environment

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