三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2310-2319.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.005

三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性特征

朱梦圆¹^,²(), 宋艳宇¹^,^*(), 高思齐¹^,², 宫超¹, 刘桢迪¹^,², 马秀艳¹, 袁佳宝¹^,², 杨旭³

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室，吉林长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院/寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150025

收稿日期:2022-04-21 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2023-02-15
通讯作者: *宋艳宇（1981年生），女，研究员，研究方向为湿地与全球变化。E-mail: songyanyu@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:朱梦圆（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为湿地生态系统碳氮循环。E-mail: zhumengyuan@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210101091JC);国家自然科学基金项目(41871090);国家自然科学基金项目(41730643)

Diversity Characteristics of Soil Microbial Carbon Source Metabolism in Wetlands with Different Vegetation Types in the Sanjiang Plain

ZHU Mengyuan¹^,²(), SONG Yanyu¹^,^*(), GAO Siqi¹^,², GONG Chao¹, LIU Zhendi¹^,², MA Xiuyan¹, YUAN Jiabao¹^,², YANG Xu³

1. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment/Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3. College of Geographical Science/Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, P. R. China

Received:2022-04-21 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2023-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物在植被养分积累和释放过程中起着关键作用，对湿地生态系统碳循环具有重要意义。为明确三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物群落代谢多样性的差异，选取三江平原甜茅（Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica）、薹草（Carex lasiocarpa）、小叶章（Deyeuxia purpurea）、水稻（Oryza sativa）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）5种不同植被类型湿地为研究对象，基于Biolog-Eco技术，分析不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性特征。结果表明，不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物的代谢活性（AWCD）随培养时间的延长逐渐增大，在48 h内微生物利用碳源的能力较弱，48—168 h期间微生物代谢活性快速增加，168 h后步入平稳期。其中甜茅湿地0—15 cm土壤微生物的代谢活性最高，AWCD值达到0.82。土壤微生物Shannon丰富度指数（H′）、Shannon-evenness均匀度指数（E）、Simpson优势度指数（D）和McIntosh多样性指数（U）均表现为甜茅湿地最高，芦苇湿地最低。三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物对碳源利用能力表现出差异，甜茅湿地、薹草湿地和水稻湿地对氨基酸类和多聚物类碳源具有更高的利用能力，小叶章湿地更倾向于利用氨基酸类和有机酸类碳源，芦苇湿地对氨基酸类和胺类碳源的利用能力更高。相关分析表明，不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物代谢活性和Shannon指数、Shannon-evenness指数和McIntosh指数均与土壤微生物量碳含量呈显著正相关关系，土壤微生物Shannon指数、Shannon-evenness指数、Simpson指数与土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系，说明湿地植被类型和土壤活性碳含量是影响土壤微生物活性和多样性的重要因子，而且土壤微生物多样性与土壤pH密切相关。

关键词: 三江平原湿地, 土壤微生物, 碳源利用, 多样性指数, Biolog-Eco微平板法

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms play a key role in the process of vegetation nutrient accumulation and release, which are of great significance to wetland ecosystems. In order to clarify the differences in soil microbial community metabolic diversity in wetlands with different vegetation types in Sanjiang Plain, five wetlands with different vegetation types, including Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica, Carex lasiocarpa, Deyeuxia purpurea, Oryza sativa, and Phragmites australis were selected as the research objects. Based on Biolog-Eco method, the variation characteristics of soil microbial carbon metabolic diversity in wetlands with different vegetation types were analyzed. The results showed that the metabolic activity (AWCD) of wetland soil microorganisms increased gradually with the extension of cultivation time under different vegetation types; the ability of microorganisms to utilize carbon sources was weak within 48h; the metabolic activity of microorganisms increased rapidly during 48-168 h; and the growth of soil microorganisms entered a stable period after 168h. The metabolic activity of 0-15 cm soil microorganisms in Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica wetland was the highest, and the AWCD value reached 0.82. Soil microbial Shannon richness index (H′), Shannon-evenness index (E), Simpson dominance index (D) and McIntosh diversity index (U) were the highest in Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica wetland and lowest in Phragmites australis wetland. Soil microorganisms of different vegetation types in the Sanjiang Plain showed different abilities for the total carbon source utilization: Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica wetland, Carex lasiocarpa wetland and Oryza sativa wetland had higher utilization abilities for amino acids and polymers carbon sources; Deyeuxia purpurea wetland was more inclined to use amino acids and carboxylic acids carbon source, and Phragmites australis wetland had higher utilization ability for amino acids and amines carbon source. Correlation analysis showed that the metabolic activity, Shannon index, Shannon-evenness index and McIntosh index of soil microorganisms in different vegetation types wetlands were significantly positively correlated with the content of soil microbial biomass carbon, and the soil microbial Shannon index, Shannon-evenness index and Simpson index were significantly positively correlated with soil pH, indicating that wetland vegetation types and soil activated carbon content were important factors affecting soil microbial activity and diversity, and soil microbial diversity was closely related to soil pH.

Key words: Sanjiang Plain wetland, soil microorganism, carbon source utilization, diversity index, Biolog-Eco microplate method

中图分类号:

S154.3
X172

朱梦圆, 宋艳宇, 高思齐, 宫超, 刘桢迪, 马秀艳, 袁佳宝, 杨旭. 三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(12): 2310-2319.

ZHU Mengyuan, SONG Yanyu, GAO Siqi, GONG Chao, LIU Zhendi, MA Xiuyan, YUAN Jiabao, YANG Xu. Diversity Characteristics of Soil Microbial Carbon Source Metabolism in Wetlands with Different Vegetation Types in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(12): 2310-2319.

图/表 5

图1 不同植被类型湿地0—15、15—30 cm土壤微生物平均颜色变化率

Figure 1 AWCD of 0?15, 15?30 cm soil microorganisms in wetlands with different vegetation types

图2 不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物多样性指数不同大写字母表示不同植被类型下0—15 cm土壤微生物多样性指数差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母表示不同植被类型下15—30 cm土壤微生物多样性指数差异显著（P<0.05）；同一样点两个土层之间的显著差异由* P<0.05和** P<0.01表示，n=3 甜茅G. acutiflora subsp. japonica；薹草C. lasiocarpa；小叶章D. purpurea；水稻O. sativa；芦苇P. australis。下同

Figure 2 Soil microbial diversity index in wetlands with different vegetation types Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in soil microbial diversity indices of 0?15 cm under different vegetation types (P<0.05); lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil microbial diversity indices of 15?30 cm under different vegetation types (P<0.05); and significant differences between two soil layers at the same site are indicated by * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01, n=3 The same below

图3 不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源利用程度不同大写字母表示不同植被类型下0—15 cm土壤微生物碳源利用率差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母表示不同植被类型下15—30 cm土壤微生物碳源利用率差异显著（P<0.05）；同一样点两个土层之间的显著差异由* P<0.05和** P<0.01表示，n=3

Figure 3 Degree of soil microbial carbon source utilization in wetlands with different vegetation types Different uppercase letters indicate that the carbon source utilization efficiency of 0?15 cm soil microorganisms under different vegetation types is significant (P<0.05); lowercase letters indicate that the carbon source utilization efficiency of 15?30 cm under different vegetation types is significantly different (P<0.05); and significant differences between two soil layers at the same site are indicated by * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01, n=3

图4 不同植被类型湿地土壤理化性质不同大写字母表示不同植被类型下0—15 cm土壤理化性质差异显著（P<0.05）；小写字母表示不同植被类型下15—30 cm土壤理化性质差异显著（P<0.05）；同一样点两个土层之间的显著差异由* P<0.05和** P<0.01表示，n=3

Figure 4 Soil physicochemical properties in wetlands with different vegetation types Different uppercase letters indicate that the physicochemical properties of soils under 0?15 cm under different vegetation types are significantly different (P<0.05); lowercase letters indicate that the physicochemical properties of soil under 15?30 cm under different vegetation types are significantly different (P<0.05); and significant differences between two soil layers at the same site are indicated by * P<0.05 and ** P<0.01, n=3

图5 不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物代谢活性、群落多样性指数与土壤理化性质相关性分析 AWCD：微生物平均颜色变化率 Average well color development；H′：Shannon指数 Shannon index；E：Shannon-evenness指数 Shannon-evenness index；D：Simpson指数 Simpson index；U：McIntosh指数 McIntosh index；MBC：微生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon；DOC：可溶性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon；TC：总碳Total carbon；TN：全氮Total nitrogen；TP：总磷Total phosphorus；pH：pH值；MC：土壤含水率Soil moisture content 图中不同颜色、不同大小的圆表示相关系数的大小。数字表示相关系数，*表示P<0.05，**P<0.01

Figure 5 Correlation analysis of soil microbial community diversity index and metabolic activity index and soil physicochemical properties in wetlands with different vegetation types Circles of different colors and sizes in the plot represent the size of the correlation coefficients. The number indicates the correlation coefficient, *indicates P<0.05, **P<0.01

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三江平原不同植被类型湿地土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性特征

Diversity Characteristics of Soil Microbial Carbon Source Metabolism in Wetlands with Different Vegetation Types in the Sanjiang Plain

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