松嫩平原不同秸秆还田方式下农田温室气体排放及碳足迹估算

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 318-325.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.012

松嫩平原不同秸秆还田方式下农田温室气体排放及碳足迹估算

郝小雨¹(), 王晓军¹, 高洪生¹, 毛明艳², 孙磊¹, 马星竹¹, 周宝库¹, 迟凤琴¹, 李伟群¹^,³^,^*()

1.黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
2.衡水市园林中心,河北衡水 053000
3.新疆生产建设兵团第十师农业科学研究所,新疆北屯 836007

收稿日期:2021-08-28 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *李伟群（1980年生）,男,副研究员,主要从事土壤肥料研究。E-mail: lwqun@126.com
作者简介:郝小雨（1981年生）,男,副研究员,主要从事农田养分循环研究。E-mail: xiaoyuhao1981@sina.com
基金资助:
黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX1310);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300503-02);黑龙江省农业科学院高效;绿色现代农业示范项目(TGY-2020-37)

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Carbon Footprint of Farmland under Different Straw Returning Methods in Songnen Plain

HAO Xiaoyu¹(), WANG Xiaojun¹, GAO Hongsheng¹, MAO Mingyan², SUN Lei¹, MA Xingzhu¹, ZHOU Baoku¹, CHI Fengqin¹, LI Weiqun¹^,³^,^*()

1. Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Protection and Utilization, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
2. Hengshui Garden Center, Hengshui 053000, P. R. China
3. Institute of Agricultural Science, The Tenth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Beitun 836007, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-28 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确松嫩平原不同秸秆还田方式下的温室气体排放和碳足迹特征,对于制订本地区固碳减排策略、发展低碳农业和保障农业可持续发展具有积极作用。该研究基于松嫩平原黑土秸秆还田定位试验,在大豆-玉米-玉米典型轮作模式下,2013—2015年监测不同秸秆还田方式下（秸秆不还田旋耕CK、秸秆深施还田DSR、秸秆覆盖免耕SC）农田N₂O和CH₄排放变化,利用生命周期法估算农资投入和田间操作引起的直接或间接碳排放量,分析碳足迹特征。结果表明,在松嫩平原大豆-玉米-玉米轮作模式下,秸秆深施还田和秸秆覆盖免耕不影响土壤N₂O和CH₄排放。土壤温室气体排放、氮肥生产、磷肥生产和田间耕作是影响农田碳足迹的主要贡献因子,占农田碳足迹总量的90%左右。2013—2015年秸秆覆盖免耕处理农田碳足迹最低,较秸秆不还田旋耕和秸秆深施还田处理分别降低4.5%和5.1%,原因是秸秆覆盖免耕措施减少机械燃油产生的碳排放。秸秆深施还田和秸秆覆盖免耕处理可以提高大豆和玉米产量,平均分别增产5.1%和5.5%。综合而言,在松嫩平原大豆-玉米-玉米轮作体系下,秸秆覆盖免耕可以降低农田碳足迹并可提高大豆、玉米产量,是较适宜的耕作方式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 温室气体排放, 碳足迹, 黑土, 松嫩平原

Abstract:

Clarifying the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint under different straw returning modes in Songnen Plain plays a positive role in formulating carbon sequestration and emission reduction strategies in the region to develop low-carbon agriculture and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the field experiment of black soil straw returning in Songnen Plain, N₂O and CH₄ emissions were monitored under typical soybean-maize-maize rotation mode from 2013 to 2015 under different straw returning modes (i.e., rotary tillage without straw returning, CK; deep straw returning, DSR; and no-tillage with straw mulching, SC). Direct or indirect carbon emissions caused by agricultural investment and field operation were estimated by the life cycle method, and the characteristics of carbon footprint were analyzed. The results showed that under the soybean-maize-maize rotation mode in Songnen Plain, DSR and SC management practices did not affect soil N₂O and CH₄ emissions. Soil greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen fertilizer production, phosphorus fertilizer production, and field tillage were the main factors affecting farmland carbon footprint, accounting for about 90% of the total farmland carbon footprint. From 2013 to 2015, the carbon footprint of SC was the lowest, 4.5% and 5.1% lower than that of DSR and CK, respectively. The reason was that SC could reduce carbon emissions from mechanical fuel. On average, DSR and SC could increase soybean and maize yields by 5.1% and 5.5%, respectively. In summary, under the soybean-maize-maize rotation system in Songnen Plain, no-tillage with straw mulching can reduce the carbon footprint of farmland and improve the yield of soybean and maize, and thus is a suitable tillage method.

Key words: straw returning, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint, black soil, Songnen Plain

中图分类号:

S153
X16

郝小雨, 王晓军, 高洪生, 毛明艳, 孙磊, 马星竹, 周宝库, 迟凤琴, 李伟群. 松嫩平原不同秸秆还田方式下农田温室气体排放及碳足迹估算[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 318-325.

HAO Xiaoyu, WANG Xiaojun, GAO Hongsheng, MAO Mingyan, SUN Lei, MA Xingzhu, ZHOU Baoku, CHI Fengqin, LI Weiqun. Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Carbon Footprint of Farmland under Different Straw Returning Methods in Songnen Plain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 318-325.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	2013		2014		2015		平均
处理 Treatment	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)
CK	0.52±0.05a	-0.11±0.02a	0.86±0.09a	-0.12±0.02a	0.91±0.06a	-0.11±0.02a	0.76±0.02a	-0.11±0.02a
DSR	0.51±0.03a	-0.10±0.02a	0.83±0.05a	-0.11±0.01a	0.87±0.05a	-0.11±0.03a	0.74±0.19a	-0.11±0.02a
SC	0.55±0.05a	-0.12±0.03a	0.82±0.07a	-0.13±0.03a	0.81±0.06b	-0.11±0.03a	0.73±0.14a	-0.12±0.03a

处理 Treatment	2013		2014		2015		平均
处理 Treatment	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)	N₂O/(kg∙hm^-2)	CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2)
CK	0.52±0.05a	-0.11±0.02a	0.86±0.09a	-0.12±0.02a	0.91±0.06a	-0.11±0.02a	0.76±0.02a	-0.11±0.02a
DSR	0.51±0.03a	-0.10±0.02a	0.83±0.05a	-0.11±0.01a	0.87±0.05a	-0.11±0.03a	0.74±0.19a	-0.11±0.02a
SC	0.55±0.05a	-0.12±0.03a	0.82±0.07a	-0.13±0.03a	0.81±0.06b	-0.11±0.03a	0.73±0.14a	-0.12±0.03a

项目 Item	分项 Subitem	CK	DSR	SC
农资投入 Agricultural material inputs	氮肥 N fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	274.2	274.2	274.2
	磷肥 P fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	207	207	207
	钾肥 K fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	90	90	90
	大豆种子 Soybean seed/(kg∙hm^-2)	75	75	75
	玉米种子 Maize seed/(kg∙hm^-2)	45	45	45
	除草剂 Herbicide/(L∙hm^-2)	3.6	3.6	3.6
	杀虫剂 Pesticide/(L∙hm^-2)	4.5	4.5	4.5
柴油消耗 Diesel consumption/ (L∙hm^-2)	秸秆移出 Straw removal	18.0	—	—
	灭茬 Stubble cleaning	27.0	27.0	—
	旋地 Rotary tillage	54.0	—	—
	翻地 Plough tillage	—	29.3	—
	粑地 Harrowing	—	27.0	—
	起垄 Ridging	22.5	22.5	—
	轧地 Rolling	18.0	18.0	18.0
	施肥 Fertilization	18.0	18.0	18.0
	播种 Seeding	18.0	18.0	27.0
	喷农药 Spraying pesticide	36.0	36.0	36.0
	收获 Harvest	31.5	31.5	31.5
	粉碎 Straw chopping	—	67.5	67.5

项目 Item	分项 Subitem	CK	DSR	SC
农资投入 Agricultural material inputs	氮肥 N fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	274.2	274.2	274.2
	磷肥 P fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	207	207	207
	钾肥 K fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)	90	90	90
	大豆种子 Soybean seed/(kg∙hm^-2)	75	75	75
	玉米种子 Maize seed/(kg∙hm^-2)	45	45	45
	除草剂 Herbicide/(L∙hm^-2)	3.6	3.6	3.6
	杀虫剂 Pesticide/(L∙hm^-2)	4.5	4.5	4.5
柴油消耗 Diesel consumption/ (L∙hm^-2)	秸秆移出 Straw removal	18.0	—	—
	灭茬 Stubble cleaning	27.0	27.0	—
	旋地 Rotary tillage	54.0	—	—
	翻地 Plough tillage	—	29.3	—
	粑地 Harrowing	—	27.0	—
	起垄 Ridging	22.5	22.5	—
	轧地 Rolling	18.0	18.0	18.0
	施肥 Fertilization	18.0	18.0	18.0
	播种 Seeding	18.0	18.0	27.0
	喷农药 Spraying pesticide	36.0	36.0	36.0
	收获 Harvest	31.5	31.5	31.5
	粉碎 Straw chopping	—	67.5	67.5

松嫩平原不同秸秆还田方式下农田温室气体排放及碳足迹估算

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Carbon Footprint of Farmland under Different Straw Returning Methods in Songnen Plain

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