客土输入致城市绿地土荆芥入侵风险及阻控策略

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.10.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 1555-1563.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.10.006

客土输入致城市绿地土荆芥入侵风险及阻控策略

屈高山(), 程容, 王彩芳, 吕文静, 卓房, 王亚男, 马丹炜^*()

四川师范大学生命科学学院，四川成都 610101

收稿日期:2026-04-01 修回日期:2026-08-14 接受日期:2026-09-07 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-10-21
通讯作者: *E-mail: danwei10ma@126.com
作者简介:屈高山（2002年生），女，硕士研究生，从事植物生态和植物细胞学研究。E-mail: 3245079628@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2604500);国家自然基金面上项目(31971555)

Invasion Risk and Management Strategy of Dysphania ambrosioides in Urban Green Spaces Driven by Imported Topsoil

Qu Gaoshan(), Cheng Rong, Wang Caifang, Lü Wenjing, Zhuo Fang, Wang Ya’nan, Ma Danwei^*()

College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, P. R. China

Received:2026-04-01 Revised:2026-08-14 Accepted:2026-09-07 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】客土输入是城市绿地植物入侵的重要诱因，探明客土干扰下群落物种种间关系特征，对科学评估入侵风险、制定精准阻控策略极其重要。【方法】以成都市龙泉驿区城市待建绿地因客土滋生的土荆芥（Dysphania ambrosioides）群落为对象，采用样方调查法、生态位理论、种间联结性和相关性分析，解析其结构特征、种间关系及潜在入侵风险。【结果】群落中有草本植物51种，入侵种占39.2%（20种）。土荆芥为新增入侵种，重要值（I=14.8）和生态位宽度（B_L=29.0）居群落首位，具极强环境适应性与资源利用能力。物种间整体呈不显著正联结（V_R=1.28，W=47.5），χ²检验、联结系数、Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数分析显示，群落种间联结微弱，物种趋向独立分布，以此避免激烈竞争而共存。土荆芥与空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）、苦苣菜（Sonchus oleraceus）、马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）的生态位重叠指数高于平均值，但与群落主要物种关联不显著。【结论】微弱的种间关联减少了扩散阻力，促使土荆芥占据生态位优势。建议城市绿地建设建立严格客土准入管控机制，从源头阻断入侵植物传播途径，保障区域生态安全。

关键词: 客土输入, 土荆芥, 生态位, 种间关系, 入侵风险, 阻控策略

Abstract:

[Objective] Imported topsoil has been recognized as a critical pathway for plant invasions in urban green spaces. Understanding the interspecific relationships within plant communities under imported topsoil disturbance is essential for accurately evaluating invasion risks and developing effective control strategies. [Methods] This study investigated a Dysphania ambrosioides community that spontaneously colonized imported topsoil in a reserved green space in Longquanyi District, Chengdu. Field vegetation surveys were conducted using quadrat sampling. Ecological niche theory, interspecific association analysis, and correlation analysis were integrated to characterize community structure, patterns of interspecific relationships, and potential invasion risks. [Results] A total of 51 herbaceous species were recorded in the community, including 20 invasive species, accounting for 39.2% of the total. D. ambrosioides was identified as a newly recorded invasive species in the study area. It exhibited the highest importance value (I = 14.8) and niche breadth (B_L = 29.0) among all surveyed species, establishing it as the dominant species with strong environmental adaptability and resource utilization capacity. The overall interspecific association among species showed a nonsignificant positive trend (V_R = 1.28, W = 47.5). The χ² test, association coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient consistently indicated weak interspecific associations. Most species displayed independent distribution patterns, which may promote coexistence by mitigating intense interspecific competition. The niche overlap indices of D. ambrosioides with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Sonchus oleraceus, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Eleusine indica were all above the community average; however, its associations and correlations with the other dominant species were not significant. [Conclusion] The weak interspecific associations may reduce biotic resistance to the establishment and expansion of D. ambrosioides, thereby facilitating its dominance within the community. To safeguard regional ecological security, stringent soil-entry approval protocols should be implemented during urban construction to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive plants at the source.

Key words: imported topsoil, Dysphania ambrosioides, niche, interspecific association, invasion risk, management strategy

中图分类号:

X820.4
X526

屈高山, 程容, 王彩芳, 吕文静, 卓房, 王亚男, 马丹炜. 客土输入致城市绿地土荆芥入侵风险及阻控策略[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(10): 1555-1563.

Qu Gaoshan, Cheng Rong, Wang Caifang, Lü Wenjing, Zhuo Fang, Wang Ya’nan, Ma Danwei. Invasion Risk and Management Strategy of Dysphania ambrosioides in Urban Green Spaces Driven by Imported Topsoil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(10): 1555-1563.

图/表 6

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序号	科	属	种	入侵种等级
1	菊科 Asteraceae	联毛紫菀属 Symphyotrichum	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum	1级/恶性入侵
2		金纽扣属 Acmella	金纽扣 Acmella paniculata	－
3		苦苣菜属 Sonchus	苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	4级/一般入侵
4		飞蓬属 Erigeron	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	1级/恶性入侵
5		蓟属 Cirsium	刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. Integrifolium	－
6		小苦荬属 Ixeridium	小苦荬 Ixeridium dentatum	－
7		苦荬菜属 Ixeris	苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	－
8		蒿属 Artemisia	艾 Artemisia argyi	－
9		蒲公英属 Taraxacum	药用蒲公英 Taraxacum officinale	4级/一般入侵
10		莴苣属 Lactuca	野莴苣 Lactuca serriola	－
11		天名精属 Carpesium	天名精 Carpesium abrotanoides	－
12	禾本科 Poaceae	穇属 Eleusine	牛筋草 Eleusine indica	5级/有待观察
13		稗属 Echinochloa	小旱稗 Echinochloa crus-galli var. Austrojaponensis	－
14		雀稗属 Paspalum	毛花雀稗 Paspalum dilatatum	5级/有待观察
15		马唐属 Digitaria	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	－
16			紫马唐 Digitaria violascens	－
17		狗尾草属 Setaria	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	－
18			大狗尾草 Setaria faberi	－
19		狗牙根属 Cynodon	狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	－
20	苋科 Amaranthaceae	腺毛藜属 Dysphania	土荆芥 Dysphania ambrosioides	1级/恶性入侵
21		莲子草属 Alternanthera	空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	1级/恶性入侵
22		藜属 Chenopodium	小藜 Chenopodium ficifolium	－
23			藜 Chenopodium album	－
24		苋属 Amaranthus	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	1级/恶性入侵
25			皱果苋 Amaranthus viridis	2级/严重入侵
26			凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum	2级/严重入侵
27	茄科 Solanaceae	茄属 Solanum	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	－
28			少花龙葵 Solanum americanum	3级/局部入侵
29			番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	－
30		酸浆属 Alkekengi	酸浆 Alkekengi officinarum	－
31		假酸浆属 Nicandra	假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes	3级/局部入侵
32	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	番薯属 Ipomoea	牵牛 Ipomoea nil	2级/严重入侵
33			圆叶牵牛 Ipomoea purpurea	1级/恶性入侵
34			变色牵牛 Ipomoea indica	3级/局部入侵
35		打碗花属 Calystegia	打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	－
36	锦葵科 Malvaceae	田麻属 Corchoropsis	田麻 Corchoropsis crenata	－
37		苘麻属 Abutilon	苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti	3级/局部入侵
38	蓼科 Polygonaceae	萹蓄属 Polygonum	习见萹蓄 Polygonum plebeium	－
39		酸模属 Rumex	齿果酸模 Rumex dentatus	－
40	荨麻科 Urticaceae	苎麻属 Boehmeria	苎麻 Boehmeria nivea	－
41		雾水葛属 Pouzolzia	雾水葛 Pouzolzia zeylanica	－
42	无患子科 Sapindaceae	栾属 Koelreuteria	栾 Koelreuteria paniculata	－
43	酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae	酢浆草属 Oxalis	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	4级/一般入侵
44	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	沿阶草属 Ophiopogon	沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri	－
45	瓶尔小草科 Ophioglossaceae	瓶尔小草属 Ophioglossum	瓶尔小草 Ophioglossum vulgatum	－
46	马齿苋科 Portulacaceae	马齿苋属 Portulaca	马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	－
47	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	铁苋菜属 Acalypha	铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	－
48	大麻科 Cannabaceae	葎草属 Humulus	葎草 Humulus scandens	－
49	伞形科 Apiaceae	细叶旱芹属 Cyclospermum	细叶旱芹 Cyclospermum leptophyllum	4级/一般入侵
50	商陆科 Phytolaccaceae	商陆属 Phytolacca	垂序商陆 Phytolacca americana	1级/恶性入侵
51	桑科 Moraceae	构属 Broussonetia	构 Broussonetia papyrifera	－

序号	科	属	种	入侵种等级
1	菊科 Asteraceae	联毛紫菀属 Symphyotrichum	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum	1级/恶性入侵
2		金纽扣属 Acmella	金纽扣 Acmella paniculata	－
3		苦苣菜属 Sonchus	苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	4级/一般入侵
4		飞蓬属 Erigeron	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	1级/恶性入侵
5		蓟属 Cirsium	刺儿菜 Cirsium arvense var. Integrifolium	－
6		小苦荬属 Ixeridium	小苦荬 Ixeridium dentatum	－
7		苦荬菜属 Ixeris	苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	－
8		蒿属 Artemisia	艾 Artemisia argyi	－
9		蒲公英属 Taraxacum	药用蒲公英 Taraxacum officinale	4级/一般入侵
10		莴苣属 Lactuca	野莴苣 Lactuca serriola	－
11		天名精属 Carpesium	天名精 Carpesium abrotanoides	－
12	禾本科 Poaceae	穇属 Eleusine	牛筋草 Eleusine indica	5级/有待观察
13		稗属 Echinochloa	小旱稗 Echinochloa crus-galli var. Austrojaponensis	－
14		雀稗属 Paspalum	毛花雀稗 Paspalum dilatatum	5级/有待观察
15		马唐属 Digitaria	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	－
16			紫马唐 Digitaria violascens	－
17		狗尾草属 Setaria	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	－
18			大狗尾草 Setaria faberi	－
19		狗牙根属 Cynodon	狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	－
20	苋科 Amaranthaceae	腺毛藜属 Dysphania	土荆芥 Dysphania ambrosioides	1级/恶性入侵
21		莲子草属 Alternanthera	空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	1级/恶性入侵
22		藜属 Chenopodium	小藜 Chenopodium ficifolium	－
23			藜 Chenopodium album	－
24		苋属 Amaranthus	反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	1级/恶性入侵
25			皱果苋 Amaranthus viridis	2级/严重入侵
26			凹头苋 Amaranthus blitum	2级/严重入侵
27	茄科 Solanaceae	茄属 Solanum	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	－
28			少花龙葵 Solanum americanum	3级/局部入侵
29			番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	－
30		酸浆属 Alkekengi	酸浆 Alkekengi officinarum	－
31		假酸浆属 Nicandra	假酸浆 Nicandra physalodes	3级/局部入侵
32	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	番薯属 Ipomoea	牵牛 Ipomoea nil	2级/严重入侵
33			圆叶牵牛 Ipomoea purpurea	1级/恶性入侵
34			变色牵牛 Ipomoea indica	3级/局部入侵
35		打碗花属 Calystegia	打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	－
36	锦葵科 Malvaceae	田麻属 Corchoropsis	田麻 Corchoropsis crenata	－
37		苘麻属 Abutilon	苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti	3级/局部入侵
38	蓼科 Polygonaceae	萹蓄属 Polygonum	习见萹蓄 Polygonum plebeium	－
39		酸模属 Rumex	齿果酸模 Rumex dentatus	－
40	荨麻科 Urticaceae	苎麻属 Boehmeria	苎麻 Boehmeria nivea	－
41		雾水葛属 Pouzolzia	雾水葛 Pouzolzia zeylanica	－
42	无患子科 Sapindaceae	栾属 Koelreuteria	栾 Koelreuteria paniculata	－
43	酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae	酢浆草属 Oxalis	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	4级/一般入侵
44	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	沿阶草属 Ophiopogon	沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri	－
45	瓶尔小草科 Ophioglossaceae	瓶尔小草属 Ophioglossum	瓶尔小草 Ophioglossum vulgatum	－
46	马齿苋科 Portulacaceae	马齿苋属 Portulaca	马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	－
47	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	铁苋菜属 Acalypha	铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	－
48	大麻科 Cannabaceae	葎草属 Humulus	葎草 Humulus scandens	－
49	伞形科 Apiaceae	细叶旱芹属 Cyclospermum	细叶旱芹 Cyclospermum leptophyllum	4级/一般入侵
50	商陆科 Phytolaccaceae	商陆属 Phytolacca	垂序商陆 Phytolacca americana	1级/恶性入侵
51	桑科 Moraceae	构属 Broussonetia	构 Broussonetia papyrifera	－

编号	物种	重要值	生态位宽度
Da	土荆芥	14.8	29.0
So	苦苣菜	11.3	19.9
Ds	马唐	10.7	20.1
Ob	沿阶草	8.43	8.30
Ec	小旱稗	8.05	13.1
Sv	狗尾草	5.16	12.9
Ca	藜	4.59	12.9
Ap	空心莲子草	4.49	12.1
Ei	牛筋草	4.18	10.6
Cf	小藜	3.20	9.19
Cd	狗牙根	2.77	4.57
Dv	紫马唐	2.39	5.90
Ar	反枝苋	1.79	4.29
Hs	葎草	1.50	4.72
Oc	酢浆草	1.30	3.06

编号	物种	重要值	生态位宽度
Da	土荆芥	14.8	29.0
So	苦苣菜	11.3	19.9
Ds	马唐	10.7	20.1
Ob	沿阶草	8.43	8.30
Ec	小旱稗	8.05	13.1
Sv	狗尾草	5.16	12.9
Ca	藜	4.59	12.9
Ap	空心莲子草	4.49	12.1
Ei	牛筋草	4.18	10.6
Cf	小藜	3.20	9.19
Cd	狗牙根	2.77	4.57
Dv	紫马唐	2.39	5.90
Ar	反枝苋	1.79	4.29
Hs	葎草	1.50	4.72
Oc	酢浆草	1.30	3.06

客土输入致城市绿地土荆芥入侵风险及阻控策略

Invasion Risk and Management Strategy of Dysphania ambrosioides in Urban Green Spaces Driven by Imported Topsoil

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检验方法	正关联		总数	负关联		总数	正联结/ 负联结
检验方法	显著	不显著	总数	显著	不显著	总数	正联结/ 负联结
χ²检验	0	53	53	1	51	52	1.02
A	0	58	58	10	37	47	1.23
Pearson	1	45	46	0	59	59	0.780
Spearman	0	56	56	1	48	49	1.15

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