太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征及分区管控研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.08.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1221-1233.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.08.006

太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征及分区管控研究

王道远¹^,²^,³(), 赵宁¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 刘平新¹^,²^,³, 焦桂权¹^,²^,³, 黄聿铭⁴, 李小慧¹^,²^,³

¹ 河南省地质局生态环境地质服务中心，河南郑州 450053
² 河南省矿山环境生态修复工程技术研究中心，河南郑州 450053
³ 河南省水土污染防治科技创新中心，河南郑州 450053
⁴ 河南财经政法大学管理学部，河南郑州 450016

收稿日期:2026-03-24 修回日期:2026-07-19 接受日期:2026-07-28 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-08-17
通讯作者: * E-mail: 395124441@qq.com
作者简介:王道远（1998年生），男，助理工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为生态系统服务与土地利用。E-mail: wdy981006@163.com
基金资助:
河南省科技攻关项目(252102321104)

Research on the Trade-off and Coordination Characteristics of Ecosystem Services and Zoning Management in the Taihang Mountains

Wang Daoyuan¹^,²^,³(), Zhao Ning¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Liu Pingxin¹^,²^,³, Jiao Guiquan¹^,²^,³, Huang Yuming⁴, Li Xiaohui¹^,²^,³

¹ Ecological Environment Geological Service Center of Henan Provincial Geological Bureau, Zhengzhou 450053, P. R. China
² Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Mine Environmental Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou 450053, P. R. China
³ Henan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Water and Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou 450053, P. R. China
⁴ School of Management, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450016, P. R. China

Received:2026-03-24 Revised:2026-07-19 Accepted:2026-07-28 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征并开展生态功能分区，为区域生态协同管理提供精准支撑。【方法】采用InVEST模型量化2000－2024年间土壤保持量、碳储量、生境质量、产水量4项生态系统服务的时空变化，结合Pearson相关性、双变量莫兰指数解析全域与像元尺度的权衡协同关系，通过自组织映射法（SOFM）划分生态功能区，并耦合地貌分区构建差异化管控体系。【结果】1）研究期内太行山区林地和水域扩张、建设用地快速增长、草地明显退化、耕地整体稳定；2）土壤保持量与产水量先升后降，碳储量稳步增长，生境质量缓慢下降；土壤保持量、碳储量与生境质量呈“山地高、盆地区低”的空间格局，产水量呈“南高北低”分布；3）权衡协同关系兼具全域规律性与像元异质性，全域尺度土壤保持量、碳储量、生境质量呈强协同，碳储量、生境质量与产水量为稳定权衡；像元尺度协同区集中于太行山主脉高高聚类区与东麓平原低低聚类区，权衡区主要位于晋东南产水高值区与盆地人类活动密集区交接地带；4）山脉主脊区以多功能核心屏障区为主导，山间盆地区为生态保护与经济发展过渡带，山前平川区水源涵养与保土支撑区占比大幅提升，耦合地貌分区与生态功能分区，形成12类管控单元。【结论】研究结果能为太行山区多生态服务协同增效、分区分类生态保护策略落地提供实践依据。

关键词: 太行山区, 生态系统服务, 权衡协同, 分区管控, InVEST模型

Abstract:

[Objective] To reveal the trade-off and synergy characteristics of ecosystem services in the Taihang Mountains and conduct ecological functional zoning, providing precise support for regional ecological collaborative management. [Methods] The InVEST model was used to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of four ecosystem services (soil conservation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and water yield) from 2000 to 2024. Pearson correlation and bivariate Moran's index were employed to analyze trade-off and synergy relationships at both regional and pixel scales. Ecological functional zones were delineated using the self-organizing feature map (SOFM) method, and a differentiated management system was constructed by coupling geomorphological zoning. [Results] 1) During the study period, forested areas and water bodies expanded, construction land increased rapidly, grasslands significantly degraded, and croplands remained relatively stable in the Taihang Mountains. 2) Soil conservation and water yield initially increased and then decreased, while carbon storage steadily rose and habitat quality gradually declined. Soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality exhibited a spatial pattern of “high in mountainous areas and low in basin regions,” while water yield followed a “south-high, north-low” distribution. 3) Trade-off and synergy relationships combined regional regularity and pixel heterogeneity. At the regional scale, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality showed strong synergy, while carbon storage, habitat quality, and water yield formed stable trade-offs. At the pixel scale, synergy zones were concentrated in the high-high clustering areas of the main Taihang Mountain ridge and the low-low clustering plains of the eastern foothills, whereas trade-off zones were primarily located at the interface between the high water yield areas in southeastern Shanxi and densely populated basin regions. 4) The main ridge zone was dominated by multifunctional core barrier areas, the intermontane basin zone served as a transition between ecological conservation and economic development, and the piedmont plain zone saw a significant increase in the proportion of water conservation and soil retention support areas. Coupling geomorphological and ecological functional zoning resulted in the formation of 12 management units. [Conclusion] The findings provide practical support for synergistic enhancement of multiple ecosystem services and the implementation of classified ecological protection strategies in the Taihang Mountains.

Key words: Taihang Mountains, ecosystem services, trade-off and synergy, partitioned control, InVEST model

中图分类号:

王道远, 赵宁, 刘平新, 焦桂权, 黄聿铭, 李小慧. 太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征及分区管控研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(8): 1221-1233.

Wang Daoyuan, Zhao Ning, Liu Pingxin, Jiao Guiquan, Huang Yuming, Li Xiaohui. Research on the Trade-off and Coordination Characteristics of Ecosystem Services and Zoning Management in the Taihang Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(8): 1221-1233.

图/表 12

参考文献 29

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土地利用类型	面积/km²				变化率/%
土地利用类型	2000年	2010年	2020年	2024年	2000－2010年	2010－2020年	2020－2024年	2000－2024年
耕地	53137.97	49931.94	50703.45	51383.08	−6.03%	1.55%	1.34%	−3.30%
林地	40857.09	43869.20	46254.90	47634.49	7.37%	5.44%	2.98%	16.59%
草地	34987.84	33121.39	27821.56	25258.59	−5.33%	−16.00%	−9.21%	−27.81%
水域	615.06	654.48	806.47	821.89	6.41%	23.22%	1.91%	33.63%
未利用地	11.30	9.00	6.88	8.96	−20.32%	−23.55%	30.20%	−20.68%
建设用地	7398.59	9421.83	11414.58	11900.83	27.35%	21.15%	4.26%	60.85%

土地利用类型	面积/km²				变化率/%
土地利用类型	2000年	2010年	2020年	2024年	2000－2010年	2010－2020年	2020－2024年	2000－2024年
耕地	53137.97	49931.94	50703.45	51383.08	−6.03%	1.55%	1.34%	−3.30%
林地	40857.09	43869.20	46254.90	47634.49	7.37%	5.44%	2.98%	16.59%
草地	34987.84	33121.39	27821.56	25258.59	−5.33%	−16.00%	−9.21%	−27.81%
水域	615.06	654.48	806.47	821.89	6.41%	23.22%	1.91%	33.63%
未利用地	11.30	9.00	6.88	8.96	−20.32%	−23.55%	30.20%	−20.68%
建设用地	7398.59	9421.83	11414.58	11900.83	27.35%	21.15%	4.26%	60.85%

年份与面积	2024年面积/km²
2000年面积/km²	土地利用类型	草地	耕地	建设用地	林地	水域	未利用地	合计
	草地	22024.08	5620.69	389.92	6936.12	13.32	3.71	34987.84
	耕地	2531.27	44712.36	4096.90	1581.93	213.41	2.11	53137.97
	建设用地	0.04	18.22	7287.85	0.19	92.20	0.10	7398.59
	林地	696.59	961.64	86.10	39111.34	1.26	0.15	40857.09
	水域	3.78	68.16	34.64	4.91	500.90	2.66	615.06
	未利用地	2.83	2.01	5.41	0.00	0.80	0.24	11.30
	合计	25258.59	51383.08	11900.83	47634.49	821.89	8.96	137007.84

年份与面积	2024年面积/km²
2000年面积/km²	土地利用类型	草地	耕地	建设用地	林地	水域	未利用地	合计
	草地	22024.08	5620.69	389.92	6936.12	13.32	3.71	34987.84
	耕地	2531.27	44712.36	4096.90	1581.93	213.41	2.11	53137.97
	建设用地	0.04	18.22	7287.85	0.19	92.20	0.10	7398.59
	林地	696.59	961.64	86.10	39111.34	1.26	0.15	40857.09
	水域	3.78	68.16	34.64	4.91	500.90	2.66	615.06
	未利用地	2.83	2.01	5.41	0.00	0.80	0.24	11.30
	合计	25258.59	51383.08	11900.83	47634.49	821.89	8.96	137007.84

年份	土壤保持量/(10⁸ t)	碳储量/(10⁸ t)	生境质量	产水量/(10⁸ m³)
2000	40.84	14.9	0.435	183.01
2010	40.97	15.06	0.439	185.25
2020	48.92	15.2	0.425	236.98
2024	44.71	15.29	0.42	198.82

太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征及分区管控研究

Research on the Trade-off and Coordination Characteristics of Ecosystem Services and Zoning Management in the Taihang Mountains

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地貌分区	功能分区	2000－2024年占比变化	管控策略
山脉主脊区	B1	稳定5%－7%	鉴于占比长期稳定，以水源涵养和土壤保持为核心，营造针阔混交水源涵养林，建设小型水利水保工程，提升径流调蓄与固土能力，兼顾产水与保土功能协同
	B2	8%→6%	针对占比极低且呈零星分布特征，划定生态修复重点区，实施封山育林、人工补植等措施，消除高海拔区域人类干扰点状斑块，推动生态功能向B3、B4转化
	B3	34%→29%	针对占比持续下降趋势，维持现有植被群落结构，开展生境异质性优化，营造多样化植被斑块，提升生物栖息地质量，强化生境维持与生态稳定功能
	B4	53%→60%	鉴于占比持续提升且已占据绝对主导，实施最严格的生态保护管控，禁止一切商业性采伐和开发建设活动，开展天然林抚育、退化林修复，巩固土壤保持、碳汇、生境质量的多功能协同效益
山间盆地区	B1	19%→24%	顺应占比上升趋势，结合盆地汇流特征，建设河滨湿地、库塘水系等水利设施，优化农业种植结构，推广节水农业，提升盆地水源涵养与土壤保持能力，保障农业生产用水与生态用水平衡
	B2	24%→22%	针对占比仍较高的现状，严控盆地内建设用地无序扩张，开展工矿废弃地、退化耕地生态修复，增加绿地与生态廊道，降低人类干扰强度，缓解生态脆弱性
	B3	28%→19%	针对占比持续下降的退化趋势，构建“林地—草地—农田”复合生境系统，预留生物迁徙廊道，保护盆地内野生动植物栖息地，遏制生境维持功能下滑，发挥中海拔生境稳定缓冲带作用
	B4	29%→35%	顺应占比稳步上升的良好态势，保护盆地周边山地连片林地斑块，实施封山育林与植被提质工程，扩大高功能生态斑块面积，推动与山脉主脊区B4连片融合，进一步强化碳汇与生境保育功能
山前平川区	B1	39%→51%	针对占比大幅提升的主导地位，构建“农田防护林—河网水系—城市绿地”一体化水土保持与水源涵养体系，推广海绵城市建设，提升降雨拦蓄与土壤保持能力，保障平原区生产生活用水供给
	B2	31%→22%	针对占比虽下降但仍占比较高的现状，严守城镇开发边界，开展城镇低效用地再开发，增加城镇生态空间占比，实施耕地质量提升工程，缓解建设用地与耕地的空间竞争，修复人类干扰导致的生态功能退化
	B3	14%→9%	针对占比持续下降的退化趋势，依托城市公园、郊野绿地、农田生态廊道，打造人工与自然结合的生境空间，保护平原区乡土物种，遏制生境质量下滑，强化城市生态缓冲带功能
	B4	稳定16%－18%	鉴于占比长期稳定且为平原区核心高功能生态斑块，严格保护现有近郊山地与交通干线两侧生态公益林，开展植被提质改造，提升碳汇与生境质量，巩固“点带结合”的生态支撑体系

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