不同水生植物对水产养殖尾水氮磷去除效果研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.03.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 442-450.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.03.011

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

不同水生植物对水产养殖尾水氮磷去除效果研究

梅耀萍(), 吴本丽, 黄龙, 吴仓仓, 陈静, 陈夏君, 何吉祥^*()

水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室/安徽省农业科学院水产研究所，安徽合肥230031

收稿日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2025-03-18 发布日期:2025-03-24
通讯作者: *何吉祥。E-mail: hejixiang813@126.com
作者简介:梅耀萍（1994年生），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事水产健康养殖研究。E-mail: meiyaoping@stu.ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
安徽省农业科学院博士启动金项目(XXBS-202322);国家自然科学基金青年项目(32101305);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401800);安徽省水产产业技术体系(皖农科[2021]711号)

Purification of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Aquaculture Wastewater Using Different Aquatic Plants

MEI Yaoping(), WU Benli, HUANG Long, WU Cangcang, CHEN Jing, CHEN Xiajun, HE Jixiang^*()

Anhui Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement/Fishery Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China

Received:2024-09-12 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了多角度分析水生植物利用养殖尾水不同形态氮磷过程，揭示营养元素循环利用规律，优化水产生态养殖模式，通过监测黄花美人蕉（Canna indica var. flava）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、香蒲（Typha orientalis）和菖蒲（Acorus calamus）对中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）养殖尾水净化过程中不同形态氮（铵态氮NH₄⁺-N、亚硝态氮NO₂⁻-N和硝态氮NO₃⁻-N）和磷（可溶态磷DP、可溶活性态磷SRP、可溶态有机磷DOP和颗粒态磷PP）含量，结合水生植物生物量和元素累积情况，分析其对尾水净化效果和利用机制。黄花美人蕉组对总氮、总磷的去除率最高，分别为27.5%和21.9%；所有处理组对NH₄⁺-N和NO₂⁻-N去除率均达到95.0%以上，对NO₃⁻-N去除率为25.4%－26.9%，黄花美人蕉组对不同形态氮去除率最高；芦苇、黄花美人蕉和香蒲组分别对DP、SRP和PP去除率最高。黄花美人蕉组总氮累积量、地上部分总磷累积量显著高于其他组，菖蒲组地下部分总磷累积量显著高于其他组；氮和磷累积量与总氮、总磷去除率之间具有显著的正相关关系（r=0.763，p=0.000；r=0.443，p=0.011）。总之，黄花美人蕉组净化效果更好，其次是芦苇、菖蒲和香蒲组；水生植物会选择优先利用铵态氮，其次是亚硝态氮和硝态氮，其地上部分与地下部分吸收利用表现出不同的响应规律。

关键词: 水生植物, 养殖尾水, 营养盐累积, 氮磷吸收, 净化效果, 健康养殖

Abstract:

To comprehensively analyze the process of absorption and utilization of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in aquaculture wastewater by aquatic plants, and to reveal the law of nutrient element recycling patterns while optimizing ecological aquaculture models, four aquatic plants, including Canna indica var. flava, Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis and Acorus calamus, were selected for investigation. This study monitored the concentrations of multiple forms of nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen) and phosphorus (soluble phosphorus, soluble active phosphorus, soluble organic phosphorus, and particulate phosphorus) during the purification of wastewater from Pelodiscus sinensis farming. Combined with the biomass and nutrient accumulation characteristics of the plants, the purifying effects and utilization mechanisms were analyzed in detail. Among the tested plants, the Canna indica var. flava group exhibited the highest purification rate of total nitrogen (27.5%) and total phosphorus (21.9%). The purification rates of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by all four aquatic plants were all above 95.0%, while those for nitrate nitrogen ranged from 25.4% to 26.9%. Canna indica var. flava showed the highest purification rates across various nitrogen forms. Regarding phosphorus, the Phragmites australis, Canna indica var. flava, and Typha orientalis groups achieved the highest purification rates for soluble phosphorus, soluble active phosphorus, and particulate phosphorus, respectively. The total nitrogen accumulation and the aboveground part of total phosphorus accumulation in Canna indica var. flava group, and the total phosphorus accumulation in the underground part of Acorus calamus group were significantly higher than those in other groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic plants and the removal rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus (r=0.763, p=0.000; r=0.443, p=0.011). In conclusion, Canna indica var. flava was the most effective in purifying aquaculture wastewater from Pelodiscus sinensis, followed by Phragmites australis, Acorus calamus, and Typha orientalis. Aquatic plants preferentially absorbed ammonium nitrogen, followed by nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, with distinct response patterns observed between aboveground and underground nutrient accumulation.

Key words: aquatic plants, aquaculture wastewater, nutrient accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption, purifying effect, healthy aquaculture

中图分类号:

X173
X52

梅耀萍, 吴本丽, 黄龙, 吴仓仓, 陈静, 陈夏君, 何吉祥. 不同水生植物对水产养殖尾水氮磷去除效果研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(3): 442-450.

MEI Yaoping, WU Benli, HUANG Long, WU Cangcang, CHEN Jing, CHEN Xiajun, HE Jixiang. Purification of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Aquaculture Wastewater Using Different Aquatic Plants[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(3): 442-450.

图/表 7

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植物种类	黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	芦苇 Phragmites australis	香蒲 Typha orientalis	菖蒲 Acorus calamus
整体增长量/g	32.34±2.83B	11.31±1.41A	9.85±3.27A	11.25±0.52A
整体增长率/%	32.32±2.73B	11.34±2.00A	9.86±3.36A	11.18±0.45A
地下部分增长量/g	3.78±0.18B	2.85±0.34A	3.00±0.29A	5.72±0.96C
地下部分增长率/%	24.40±0.99C	19.15±1.69B	7.78±0.52A	17.55±3.65B
地上部分增长量/g	28.56±3.01B	8.46±1.74A	6.85±2.97A	5.53±0.44A
地上部分增长率/%	33.76±3.39B	9.99±2.61A	11.21±5.22A	8.16±0.88A

植物种类	黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	芦苇 Phragmites australis	香蒲 Typha orientalis	菖蒲 Acorus calamus
整体增长量/g	32.34±2.83B	11.31±1.41A	9.85±3.27A	11.25±0.52A
整体增长率/%	32.32±2.73B	11.34±2.00A	9.86±3.36A	11.18±0.45A
地下部分增长量/g	3.78±0.18B	2.85±0.34A	3.00±0.29A	5.72±0.96C
地下部分增长率/%	24.40±0.99C	19.15±1.69B	7.78±0.52A	17.55±3.65B
地上部分增长量/g	28.56±3.01B	8.46±1.74A	6.85±2.97A	5.53±0.44A
地上部分增长率/%	33.76±3.39B	9.99±2.61A	11.21±5.22A	8.16±0.88A

植物种类	实验前后增量/mg
	总氮		总磷
	地下部分	地上部分	地下部分	地上部分
黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	31.61± 0.45C	1435.07± 45.97C	6.02± 0.09B	152.70± 6.01C
芦苇 Phragmites australis	13.70± 0.73A	976.74± 30.81B	1.96± 0.10A	78.20± 2.39B
香蒲 Typha orientalis	14.92± 0.66A	117.88± 1.70A	1.61± 0.10A	7.63± 0.37A
菖蒲 Acorus calamus	27.02± 0.43B	100.02± 1.61A	7.97± 0.10C	6.32± 0.00A

植物种类	实验前后增量/mg
	总氮		总磷
	地下部分	地上部分	地下部分	地上部分
黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	31.61± 0.45C	1435.07± 45.97C	6.02± 0.09B	152.70± 6.01C
芦苇 Phragmites australis	13.70± 0.73A	976.74± 30.81B	1.96± 0.10A	78.20± 2.39B
香蒲 Typha orientalis	14.92± 0.66A	117.88± 1.70A	1.61± 0.10A	7.63± 0.37A
菖蒲 Acorus calamus	27.02± 0.43B	100.02± 1.61A	7.97± 0.10C	6.32± 0.00A

时间 t/d	植物种类
时间 t/d	空白对照	黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	芦苇 Phragmites australis	香蒲 Typha orientalis	菖蒲 Acorus calamus
1	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa
3	0.20±1.24Aa	0.69±0.69Aa	0.36±0.78Aa	0.93±0.50Aa	0.70±0.42Aa
6	0.38±0.63Aab	5.07±1.72Cb	4.40±1.25BCb	2.32±1.71ABa	4.09±0.79BCb
9	0.86±2.36Aab	8.75±1.29Bc	8.40±2.00Bc	7.15±1.61Bb	9.34±2.36Bc
12	2.29±1.25Aab	15.29±2.96Dd	12.77±1.51Cd	8.86±1.62Bb	13.61±2.87CDd
16	3.95±4.22Ab	17.09±0.97Dd	14.08±1.29BCd	13.24±2.95Bc	16.10±2.49CDd
25	13.61±2.31Ac	24.01±2.24Ce	22.87±2.54Ce	17.66±0.74Bd	22.51±1.88Ce
32	14.05±0.52Ac	27.52±1.61Df	23.62±1.21Ce	20.78±1.29Be	23.47±0.84Ce

不同水生植物对水产养殖尾水氮磷去除效果研究

Purification of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Aquaculture Wastewater Using Different Aquatic Plants

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植物种类	植物实验后累积的氮磷量/mg		养殖尾水氮磷总去除率/%		相关性
植物种类	氮	磷	氮	磷	氮	磷
黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	1466.68±45.52C	158.72±5.91C	27.52±1.61C	21.85±1.01B	y=0.0036x+21.43 R²=0.5827 r=0.763，p=0.000	y=0.0161x+19.07 R²=0.1964 r=0.443，p=0.011
芦苇 Phragmites australis	990.44±31.54B	80.15±2.50B	23.62±1.21B	19.96±2.42AB
香蒲 Typha orientalis	132.80±2.36A	9.23±0.47A	20.78±1.29A	21.03±1.71B
菖蒲 Acorus calamus	127.03±2.03A	14.28±0.09A	23.47±0.84B	17.66±1.01A

[1]	陈小弯, 田华川, 常军军, 陈礼强, 舒兴权, 冯秀祥. 杞麓湖中河河口表流湿地净化河道污染水的效果及其微生物群落特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1865-1875.
[2]	李锋民, 陈琳, 姜晓华, 李晨光, 赵莎莎, 种云霄, 胡洪营, 高帅强. 水质净化与生态修复的水生植物优选指标体系构建[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12): 2411-2422.

时间 t/d	植物种类
时间 t/d	空白对照	黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	芦苇 Phragmites australis	香蒲 Typha orientalis	菖蒲 Acorus calamus
1	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa
3	3.19±0.27Aab	4.28±0.21Ab	4.47±0.20Ab	4.81±0.17Ab	4.34±0.26Ab
6	4.79±2.59Abc	10.57±3.47Bc	4.84±2.69Ab	5.18±2.17Ab	6.43±3.40Abc
9	6.68±2.38Abc	12.56±0.78Bcd	12.12±2.32Bc	8.65±1.75Ac	8.15±2.92Ac
12	8.46±3.56Acd	14.08±2.94Bd	12.56±2.33Bcd	12.64±2.13Bd	9.04±3.42Ac
16	11.84±0.69Ad	15.18±3.22ABde	15.52±2.43Bde	14.16±1.59ABde	13.72±3.57ABd
25	12.46±1.97Ad	16.28±1.27Be	16.92±1.13Bef	16.62±1.62Be	16.38±2.55Bde
32	12.75±2.85Ad	21.85±1.01Cf	19.96±2.42BCf	21.03±1.71Cf	17.66±1.01Be

时间 t/d	植物种类
时间 t/d	空白对照	黄花美人蕉 Canna indica var. flava	芦苇 Phragmites australis	香蒲 Typha orientalis	菖蒲 Acorus calamus
1	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa	0.00±0.00Aa
3	3.19±0.27Aab	4.28±0.21Ab	4.47±0.20Ab	4.81±0.17Ab	4.34±0.26Ab
6	4.79±2.59Abc	10.57±3.47Bc	4.84±2.69Ab	5.18±2.17Ab	6.43±3.40Abc
9	6.68±2.38Abc	12.56±0.78Bcd	12.12±2.32Bc	8.65±1.75Ac	8.15±2.92Ac
12	8.46±3.56Acd	14.08±2.94Bd	12.56±2.33Bcd	12.64±2.13Bd	9.04±3.42Ac
16	11.84±0.69Ad	15.18±3.22ABde	15.52±2.43Bde	14.16±1.59ABde	13.72±3.57ABd
25	12.46±1.97Ad	16.28±1.27Be	16.92±1.13Bef	16.62±1.62Be	16.38±2.55Bde
32	12.75±2.85Ad	21.85±1.01Cf	19.96±2.42BCf	21.03±1.71Cf	17.66±1.01Be