中国27个国家级自然保护区苔藓植物地理成分构成差异与环境和空间因素的关系

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1959-1970.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.004

中国27个国家级自然保护区苔藓植物地理成分构成差异与环境和空间因素的关系

周徐平¹^,²(), 唐录艳¹, 何卓冀¹, 王顺莉¹, 黄丹¹, 李大华³, 邓欣妍¹, 侯梦丹¹, 杨书林¹, 彭涛¹^,^*()

1.贵州师范大学生命科学学院/生物多样性研究中心/中国-东盟苔藓植物研究中心，贵州贵阳 550025
2.深圳市中国科学院仙湖植物园/深圳市南亚热带植物多样性重点实验室，广东深圳 518004
3.贵州省瓮安中学，贵州瓮安 550400

收稿日期:2022-06-10 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-09
通讯作者: ^*彭涛（1977年生），男，副教授，博士，主要从事苔藓植物学、湿地生态学及生物多样性保护。E-mail: pengtao@gznu.edu.cn
^*彭涛（1977年生），男，副教授，博士，主要从事苔藓植物学、湿地生态学及生物多样性保护。E-mail: pengtao@gznu.edu.cn
作者简介:周徐平（1997年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事苔藓植物学研究。E-mail: zhouxp9709@163.com
基金资助:
贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合LH字[2016]7206号)

Deviation in the Composition of Bryophytes Geographic Elements in Relation to Environmental and Spatial Factors among 27 National Nature Reserves in China

ZHOU Xuping¹^,²(), TANG Luyan¹, HE Zhuoji¹, WANG Shunli¹, HUANG Dan¹, LI Dahua³, DENG Xinyan¹, HOU Mengdan¹, YANG Shulin¹, PENG Tao¹^,^*()

1. School of Life Sciences/Biodiversity Research Center/China-ASEAN Bryophyte Research Center, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity/Fairylake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, P. R. China
3. Wengan Middle School Guizhou Province, Weng’an 550400, P. R. China

Received:2022-06-10 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苔藓植物是生物多样性的重要组成部分，在水分平衡、侵蚀防治和氮收支等方面发挥着重要功能。为了揭示苔藓植物地理成分构成差异的影响因素，该研究基于19个省和2个直辖市内27个国家级自然保护区内的苔藓植物物种数据，以及中心地理坐标、气候因子、黏土含量和海拔等参数，利用中心经纬度坐标通过基于距离的Moran特征向量图（distance-based Moran’s eigenvector maps，dbMEM）构建空间变量，分析了空间因子和环境因子对苔藓植物地理成分分异的贡献。结果表明，（1）27个国家级自然保护区共有苔藓植物130科445属1962种（包含21个亚种和94个变种），其中有国家重点保护野生植物3种，受威胁物种62个。（2）分布区类型以温带分布为主。在纬度上，温带成分自南向北显著增加，东亚成分在中部达到最大值，热带成分和亚洲-澳大利亚-大洋洲成分均显著减少；在经度上，温带成分在中部处于最低值，东亚成分自西向东显著增加，热带成分和亚洲-澳大利亚-大洋洲成分在中部达到最大值。（3）变差分解显示由前向选择得到的最冷月最低温、年均温和黏土含量组成的环境因子（18.04%）的独自效应（unique effect）高于由前向选择得到的dbMEM1和dbMEM3组成的空间因子（3.30%），环境因子和空间因子的共同效应（common effect）为49.15%，表明环境因子和空间因子共同影响27个保护区间地理成分的相似性，并且环境因子的贡献要高于空间因子。该研究基于现代环境因素和空间距离，初步揭示了影响27个保护区间地理成分相似性的因素，为苔藓植物区系研究提供了一定的理论基础。

关键词: 苔藓植物, 分布区类型, 气候因子, 空间距离, 黏土含量, 变差分解, 自然保护区

Abstract:

Bryophytes are an indispensable part of biodiversity and play important ecological roles in terms of water balance, erosion control, nitrogen budget, etc. In order to reveal the factors which affect the variability of geographic components of bryophytes, we compiled a bryophyte dataset of 27 national nature reserves from 19 provinces and 2 municipalities and analyzed the dataset to explore the contribution of spatial and environmental variables to the variability of bryophytes’ geographic components using distance-based Moran’s eigenvector maps (dbMEM). The analysis was conducted on environmental variables, coordinates of the centroids, climate records, clay proportion and elevation of these nature reserves. The results present that (1) in total, 1962 species (including 21 subspecies and 94 varieties) were recorded in the 27 national nature reserves, belonging to 130 families and 445 genera. Of these, there were 3 key national protected wild bryophytes and 62 threatened species. (2) The dominant distribution type was Temperate. There were two gradients for the distribution pattern of these bryophytes, a significant latitudinal increasing gradient of Temperate elements along with a decreasing gradient of Tropical elements and Asia-Australian-Oceania elements from south to north while East Asian elements peaked in the middle, and a longitudinal increase of East Asian elements from west to east, while Tropical elements and Asia-Australian-Oceania elements peaked and Temperate elements decreased down to the bottom in the middle. (3) Variation partitioning showed that the unique effect of environmental factors (18.04%) composed of the min temperature of coldest month, mean annual temperature and clay percentage obtained by forward selection was higher than that of spatial factors (3.30%) which were composed of dbMEM1 and dbMEM3 obtained by forward selection. The common effect of environmental and spatial factors was 49.15%. The results suggest that environmental factors and spatial distance affected the similarity of bryophytes geographical elements among the 27 nature reserves together, and the contribution of environmental factors was higher than that of spatial factors. This study reveals preliminarily the factors influencing the similarity of geographic elements among 27 nature reserves from the perspective of modern environmental factors and spatial distance, providing a theoretical basis for the study of bryoflora.

Key words: bryophyte, area type, climate factor, spatial distance, clay proportion, variation partitioning, nature reserve

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

周徐平, 唐录艳, 何卓冀, 王顺莉, 黄丹, 李大华, 邓欣妍, 侯梦丹, 杨书林, 彭涛. 中国27个国家级自然保护区苔藓植物地理成分构成差异与环境和空间因素的关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 1959-1970.

ZHOU Xuping, TANG Luyan, HE Zhuoji, WANG Shunli, HUANG Dan, LI Dahua, DENG Xinyan, HOU Mengdan, YANG Shulin, PENG Tao. Deviation in the Composition of Bryophytes Geographic Elements in Relation to Environmental and Spatial Factors among 27 National Nature Reserves in China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 1959-1970.

图/表 6

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国家级自然保护区 National nature reserve	省级行政区 Provincial administrative region	面积 Acreage/km²	中心点坐标 Coordinates of center	海拔 Elevation/m	苔藓植物物种数据来源 References of bryophytes species
百花山 Baihua Mt.	北京	217.43	39°56′N, 115°34′E	2289	田晔林, 2010^121-168
白石砬子 Baishilazi	辽宁	74.67	40°54′N, 124°49′E	1253	陈玮等, 2017
大巴山 Daba Mt.	重庆	1157.5	31°54′N, 108°55′E	2679	刘艳等, 2016
大围山 Dawei Mt.	云南	439.93	22°50′N, 103°47′E	2342	翟德逞, 2004; 杨丽琼, 2004
戴云山 Daiyun Mt.	福建	134.72	25°41′N, 118°12′E	1833	张晓青, 2011; 吴文英, 2012
额尔古纳 Eerguna	内蒙古	1260	51°48′N, 120°29′E	1135	王挺杨等, 2015
佛坪 Foping	陕西	292.4	33°38′N, 107°47′E	2888	李粉霞, 2006^96-126
牯牛降 Guniujiang	安徽	67.133	30°2′N, 117°29′E	1733	师雪芹等, 2021; 邢诗晨等, 2022
贺兰山 Helan Mt.	内蒙古; 宁夏	2739.76	38°50′N, 106°12′E	3537	王小明, 2011; 刘振生等, 2015
尖峰岭 Jianfengling	海南	201.7	18°49′N, 108°58′E	1367	孙悦, 2011
九连山 Jiulian Mt.	江西	134.12	24°34′N, 114°27′E	1392	刘信中等, 2002
宽阔水 Kuankuoshui	贵州	262.31	28°12′N, 107°8′E	1748	喻理飞等, 2018
喀纳斯 Kanasi	新疆	2201.62	48°47′N, 87°8′E	3820	买买提明·苏来曼等, 1999
昆嵛山 Kunyu Mt.	山东	154.17	37°15′N, 121°43′E	909	任昭杰等, 2014
雷公山 Leigong Mt.	贵州	473	26°22′N, 108°15′E	2175	张华海等, 2007
连康山 Liankang Mt.	河南	185	31°37′N, 114°48′E	789	叶永忠等, 2002
庐山 Lu Mt.	江西	305	29°33′N, 115°58′E	1466	刘信中等, 2010
木林子 Mulinzi	湖北	208.38	30°5′N, 110°8′E	2080	洪柳等, 2020
庞泉沟 Pangquangou	山西	104.66	37°52′N, 111°27′E	2807	张二芳, 2008
清凉峰 Qingliangfeng	浙江	108	30°5′N, 118°54′E	1770	程丽媛, 2017
祁连山 Qilian Mt.	甘肃	26530.23	38°17′N, 100°27′E	5548	杨海英, 2004
齐云山 Qiyun Mt.	江西	171.05	25°49′N, 114°1′E	2046	何祖霞等, 2010
十万大山 Shiwanda Mt.	广西	582.771	21°51′N, 107°51′E	1450	唐艳雪, 2014
武夷山 Wuyi Mt.	江西	160.07	27°54′N, 117°47′E	2145	刘信中等, 2001
西天山 Xitian Mt.	新疆	312.17	43°8′N, 82°54′E	3515	熊嘉武, 2017
小寨子沟 Xiaozhaizigou	四川	443.91	32°1′N, 103°53′E	4722	胡进耀, 2015
阳际峰 Yangjifeng	江西	109.46	27°55′N, 117°19′E	1527	严雄梁, 2009

国家级自然保护区 National nature reserve	省级行政区 Provincial administrative region	面积 Acreage/km²	中心点坐标 Coordinates of center	海拔 Elevation/m	苔藓植物物种数据来源 References of bryophytes species
百花山 Baihua Mt.	北京	217.43	39°56′N, 115°34′E	2289	田晔林, 2010^121-168
白石砬子 Baishilazi	辽宁	74.67	40°54′N, 124°49′E	1253	陈玮等, 2017
大巴山 Daba Mt.	重庆	1157.5	31°54′N, 108°55′E	2679	刘艳等, 2016
大围山 Dawei Mt.	云南	439.93	22°50′N, 103°47′E	2342	翟德逞, 2004; 杨丽琼, 2004
戴云山 Daiyun Mt.	福建	134.72	25°41′N, 118°12′E	1833	张晓青, 2011; 吴文英, 2012
额尔古纳 Eerguna	内蒙古	1260	51°48′N, 120°29′E	1135	王挺杨等, 2015
佛坪 Foping	陕西	292.4	33°38′N, 107°47′E	2888	李粉霞, 2006^96-126
牯牛降 Guniujiang	安徽	67.133	30°2′N, 117°29′E	1733	师雪芹等, 2021; 邢诗晨等, 2022
贺兰山 Helan Mt.	内蒙古; 宁夏	2739.76	38°50′N, 106°12′E	3537	王小明, 2011; 刘振生等, 2015
尖峰岭 Jianfengling	海南	201.7	18°49′N, 108°58′E	1367	孙悦, 2011
九连山 Jiulian Mt.	江西	134.12	24°34′N, 114°27′E	1392	刘信中等, 2002
宽阔水 Kuankuoshui	贵州	262.31	28°12′N, 107°8′E	1748	喻理飞等, 2018
喀纳斯 Kanasi	新疆	2201.62	48°47′N, 87°8′E	3820	买买提明·苏来曼等, 1999
昆嵛山 Kunyu Mt.	山东	154.17	37°15′N, 121°43′E	909	任昭杰等, 2014
雷公山 Leigong Mt.	贵州	473	26°22′N, 108°15′E	2175	张华海等, 2007
连康山 Liankang Mt.	河南	185	31°37′N, 114°48′E	789	叶永忠等, 2002
庐山 Lu Mt.	江西	305	29°33′N, 115°58′E	1466	刘信中等, 2010
木林子 Mulinzi	湖北	208.38	30°5′N, 110°8′E	2080	洪柳等, 2020
庞泉沟 Pangquangou	山西	104.66	37°52′N, 111°27′E	2807	张二芳, 2008
清凉峰 Qingliangfeng	浙江	108	30°5′N, 118°54′E	1770	程丽媛, 2017
祁连山 Qilian Mt.	甘肃	26530.23	38°17′N, 100°27′E	5548	杨海英, 2004
齐云山 Qiyun Mt.	江西	171.05	25°49′N, 114°1′E	2046	何祖霞等, 2010
十万大山 Shiwanda Mt.	广西	582.771	21°51′N, 107°51′E	1450	唐艳雪, 2014
武夷山 Wuyi Mt.	江西	160.07	27°54′N, 117°47′E	2145	刘信中等, 2001
西天山 Xitian Mt.	新疆	312.17	43°8′N, 82°54′E	3515	熊嘉武, 2017
小寨子沟 Xiaozhaizigou	四川	443.91	32°1′N, 103°53′E	4722	胡进耀, 2015
阳际峰 Yangjifeng	江西	109.46	27°55′N, 117°19′E	1527	严雄梁, 2009

环境因子 Environmental factors	单独效应 Individual effect/%	独自效应 Unique effect/%
最冷月最低温 Min temperature of coldest month	16.27	1.49
年均温 Mean annual temperature	14.52	0.68
年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	11.66	—
黏土占比 Clay percentage	9.96	5.90
湿润指数 Moist index	6.55	—
最热月最高温 Max temperature of warmest month	4.86	—
海拔 Elevation	1.65	0.81
年均潜在蒸散量 Mean annual potential evapotranspiration	1.42	—
年均太阳辐射 Mean annual solar radiation	0.80	—

环境因子 Environmental factors	单独效应 Individual effect/%	独自效应 Unique effect/%
最冷月最低温 Min temperature of coldest month	16.27	1.49
年均温 Mean annual temperature	14.52	0.68
年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	11.66	—
黏土占比 Clay percentage	9.96	5.90
湿润指数 Moist index	6.55	—
最热月最高温 Max temperature of warmest month	4.86	—
海拔 Elevation	1.65	0.81
年均潜在蒸散量 Mean annual potential evapotranspiration	1.42	—
年均太阳辐射 Mean annual solar radiation	0.80	—

地理成分 Geographical elements	Temp		Trop
地理成分 Geographical elements	r	P	r	P
EA	-0.372	0.056	-0.112	0.577
AAO	-0.817	0.001	0.565	0.002

中国27个国家级自然保护区苔藓植物地理成分构成差异与环境和空间因素的关系

Deviation in the Composition of Bryophytes Geographic Elements in Relation to Environmental and Spatial Factors among 27 National Nature Reserves in China

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国家级自然保护区 National nature reserve	苔藓植物分布区类型 Distribution types of bryophytes														合计 Total
国家级自然保护区 National nature reserve	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9	T10	T11	T12	T13	T14	合计 Total
百花山 Baihua Mt.	113	19	54	24	1	3	2	1	4	13	1	7	37	6	285
白石砬子 Baishilazi	109	21	50	4	1	4	3	0	5	7	0	2	32	7	245
大巴山 Daba Mt.	106	23	102	42	4	13	32	12	18	15	2	9	36	11	425
大围山 Dawei Mt.	63	31	78	43	11	26	118	42	25	14	0	15	20	11	497
戴云山 Daiyun Mt.	54	23	129	29	13	22	89	44	30	19	1	13	30	14	510
额尔古纳 Eerguna	119	12	17	5	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	32	8	198
佛坪 Foping	126	33	127	46	3	15	19	7	12	27	0	5	25	11	456
牯牛降 Guniujiang	33	10	42	2	3	13	8	8	13	11	1	1	13	8	166
贺兰山 Helan Mt.	108	11	23	13	0	1	0	0	0	4	0	2	34	6	202
尖峰岭 Jianfengling	17	12	25	13	29	27	92	53	23	6	1	6	14	6	324
九连山 Jiulian Mt.	59	16	44	5	8	17	20	13	15	17	0	7	25	7	253
宽阔水 Kuankuoshui	93	21	90	31	11	15	48	8	26	18	1	10	30	10	412
喀纳斯 Kanasi	95	12	9	2	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	30	8	160
昆嵛山 Kunyu Mt.	100	23	71	20	5	6	3	1	15	14	2	8	35	12	315
雷公山 Leigong Mt.	71	28	81	35	14	18	69	22	19	16	1	10	32	11	427
连康山 Liankang Mt.	69	15	73	9	2	8	4	2	11	13	0	5	28	8	247
庐山 Lu Mt.	96	17	74	18	4	15	17	9	20	18	2	6	28	12	336
木林子 Mulinzi	65	19	52	13	10	14	27	11	21	14	0	7	28	7	288
庞泉沟 Pangquangou	87	8	32	9	0	1	2	1	2	4	1	2	27	3	179
清凉峰 Qingliangfeng	71	20	79	25	6	15	22	14	20	17	0	7	29	8	333
祁连山 Qilian Mt.	149	18	51	16	1	5	3	1	4	7	0	4	41	7	307
齐云山 Qiyun Mt.	26	12	33	8	9	8	29	15	15	6	2	4	14	8	189
十万大山 Shiwanda Mt.	46	17	39	19	19	12	50	18	19	9	1	9	17	9	284
武夷山 Wuyi Mt.	51	18	50	9	9	12	22	15	17	12	2	9	30	10	266
西天山 Xitian Mt.	133	14	32	10	0	0	0	0	3	4	0	2	42	8	248
小寨子沟 Xiaozhaizigou	40	13	26	2	2	5	5	1	7	4	0	5	25	5	140
阳际峰 Yangjifeng	63	21	52	14	8	13	35	14	20	10	0	9	23	6	288

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