乡土灾变藤本刺果藤的防控技术研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 931-938.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.008

乡土灾变藤本刺果藤的防控技术研究

宋雪¹^,²(), 刘明辉², 王辉², 李瑜³, 昝启杰¹^,⁴^,^*()

1.深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院,广东深圳 518060
2.深圳中绿环境集团有限公司,广东深圳 518016
3.深圳市自然保护区管理中心,广东深圳 518031
4.深圳小洲生态环境有限公司,广东深圳 518101

收稿日期:2021-12-03 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * 昝启杰,高级工程师,博士,主要从事入侵生态学和湿地生态学研究。E-mail: 10567231@qq.com
作者简介:宋雪（1991年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事城市入侵植物防治技术研究。E-mail: 935028840@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31470513)

Study on the Control Technology of Native Outbreak Liana Byttneria grandifolia Candolle

SONG Xue¹^,²(), LIU Minghui², WANG Hui², LI Yu³, ZAN Qijie¹^,⁴^,^*()

1. College of Life Science and Oceanography Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
2. Shenzhen Zhonglv Environment Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, P. R. China
3. Shenzhen Nature Reserve Management Center, Shenzhen 518031, P. R. China
4. Shenzhen Xiaozhou Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-03 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木质藤本刺果藤（Byttneria grandifolia）作为乡土灾变种,严重威胁森林生态系统安全。研究有效防控刺果藤的技术方法,可为防控刺果藤及其他木质藤本提供技术支持。2017年在深圳内伶仃岛开展刺果藤物理防除（人工清除）、化学防除（施用10—30 L∙hm^-2质量分数为25%的滴酸·氨氯吡水剂）和生态控制（群落改造）防控试验,比较3种技术手段对刺果藤的防控效果和对植物群落物种组成的影响。结果显示,（1）人工清除的防控效果最差,既不能杀死刺果藤,又不能抑制其营养生长的危害。（2）除草剂25%滴酸∙氨氯吡水剂对刺果藤的杀灭效果最好,施用25%滴酸∙氨氯吡水剂10 L∙hm^-2喷洒刺果藤样地365 d后,对刺果藤的杀灭率达100%,喷药后的样地植物物种数量增加了17种,群落中其他植物种类较安全。（3）采用群落改造方法防控的效果比较好,血桐（Macaranga tanarius）、阴香（Cinnamomum burmannii）和润楠（Machilus nanmu）宜作为防控刺果藤的改造树种,样地防控365 d后,刺果藤与其他植物的总盖度呈极显著负相关（P<0.001）,样地内植物物种数量增加了21种。研究表明,化学防除和群落改造防控刺果藤的效果显著优于人工清除。建议今后的相关研究,宜在确保防控刺果藤效果的前提下,探索除草剂最低剂量和更多改造树种,以及化学防治与群落改造相结合等措施,以提高生态环境安全和群落多样性。

关键词: 刺果藤, 人工清除, 化学防除, 群落改造, 乡土灾变藤本

Abstract:

The native outbreak liana, Byttneria grandifolia, seriously threatens the safety of forest ecosystem. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method and provide technical support for controlling Byttneria grandifolia and other lianas. In 2017, the physical method, chemical control, and forest community reconstruction were carried out in Neilingding Island of Shenzhen. The physical method referred to manual removal of Byttneria grandifolia; the chemical control method used 10-30 L∙hm^-2 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution to control Byttneria grandifolia; and the ecological control method referred to modifying tree species in the community. The results showed that (1) compared to the methods of chemical control and forest community reconstruction, manual removal of Byttneria grandifolia was the least effective method. It could neither kill Byttneria grandifolia nor suppress its vegetative growth. (2) using the 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution had being the most effective method in controlling Byttneria grandifolia. After spraying 10 L∙hm^-2 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution in the plot of Byttneria grandifolia for 365 days, the killing rate reached 100% and the number of species in the sample site increased by 17. (3) The method of forest community reconstruction could inhibit the growth of Byttneria grandifoliac, but its ability of controlling Byttneria grandifolia was slightly less effective than that of chemical control. Macaranga tanarius, Cinnamomum burmannii, and Machilus nanmu should be used to modify tree species during forest community reconstruction. The total coverage of Byttneria grandifolia and other plants were significantly and negatively correlated and the number of species increased by 21 in the plot after 365 days of the implementation measures of forest community reconstruction. The research showed that chemical control and forest community reconstruction were significantly more effective than manual removal in controlling Byttneria grandifolia. It is suggested that future studies should explore using the lowest dosage of herbicides, more modified tree species, and a combination of chemical control and forest community reconstruction under the premise of ensuring the effectiveness of controlling Byttneria grandifolia and improving the safety and diversity of the ecological environment.

Key words: Byttneria grandifolia, manual removal, chemical control, forest community reconstruction, native outbreak liana

中图分类号:

S471
X173

宋雪, 刘明辉, 王辉, 李瑜, 昝启杰. 乡土灾变藤本刺果藤的防控技术研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 931-938.

SONG Xue, LIU Minghui, WANG Hui, LI Yu, ZAN Qijie. Study on the Control Technology of Native Outbreak Liana Byttneria grandifolia Candolle[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 931-938.

图/表 6

表1 刺果藤的防控试验设计

Table 1 The experimental design of the control of Byttneria grandifolia

防控方法 Prevention method	面积 Area/m²	重复次数 Repeat times	生境类型 Habitat type	试验内容 Test content
人工清除 Manual removal	300	3	向阳坡地	离地<20 cm处以砍刀割断刺果藤地上藤茎,藤茎留在清理点
化学防除 Chemical control	900	3	向阳坡地	均匀喷施25%滴酸∙氨氯吡水剂10—30 L∙hm^-2至样地内所有植物茎叶上
群落改造 Forest community reconstruction	2000	3	向阳坡地	先均匀喷施41%草甘膦20 L∙hm^-2至样地内所有植物的茎叶上,然后离地<20 cm处以砍刀割断刺果藤地上藤茎,再按等高线带状清理刺果藤,然后种植上血桐、阴香和润楠3种速生乡土植物,并人工抚育2年

图1 实施群落改造措施前后对比效果

Figure 1 Contrast effects before and after the implementation measures of forest community reconstruction

图2 人工清除刺果藤的杀灭率

Figure 2 Killing rate of manual removal of Byttneria grandifolia

图3 25%滴酸·氨氯吡水剂对刺果藤的杀灭率

Figure 3 Killing rate of 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution to Byttneria grandifolia

表2 25%滴酸∙氨氯吡水剂对刺果藤的药害等级

Table 2 Phytotoxicity grade of 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution on Byttneria grandifolia

除草剂 Herbicide	剂量 Dose/(L∙hm^-2)	药害等级 Phytotoxicity grade
除草剂 Herbicide	剂量 Dose/(L∙hm^-2)	30 d	45 d	90 d	365 d
25%滴酸∙氨氯吡水剂 25% 2, 4-D picloram aqueous solution	10	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ
	20	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ
	30	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ

图4 实施群落改造措施后刺果藤盖度与其他植物盖度的相关关系 y,5 m×5 m样方内其他植物盖度;x,5 m×5 m样方内刺果藤盖度;r2,相关系数的平方;n,随机取的样方个数

Figure 4 Coverage of Byttneria grandifolia-other plants relationship after the implementation measures of forest community reconstruction y, Coverage of other plants in the 5 m×5 m plot; x, Coverage of Byttneria grandifolia in the 5 m×5 m plot; n, Number of samples taken at random

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乡土灾变藤本刺果藤的防控技术研究

Study on the Control Technology of Native Outbreak Liana Byttneria grandifolia Candolle

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