不同农艺措施对丹江口库区坡耕地茶园水土和磷素流失的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2324-2330.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.007

不同农艺措施对丹江口库区坡耕地茶园水土和磷素流失的影响

李太魁¹^,²(), 张香凝¹^,², 寇长林¹^,², 吕金岭¹^,², 郭战玲¹^,², 骆晓声¹^,²

1.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州 450002
2.农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,河南郑州 450002

收稿日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2021-12-18 发布日期:2022-01-04
作者简介:李太魁（1978年生）,男,副研究员,博士,主要从事农业生态环境方向的研究。E-mail: taikuilee@163.com
基金资助:
河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目(2022ZC30);国家科技重大水专项(2012ZX07205-001)

Effects of Different Agronomic Measures on Runoff, Water and Phosphorous Losses of Tea Garden Located in Sloping Cropland in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

LI Taikui¹^,²(), ZHANG Xiangning¹^,², KOU Changlin¹^,², LV Jinling¹^,², GUO Zhanling¹^,², LUO Xiaosheng¹^,²

1. Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2. Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation Ministry of Agricultural P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received:2021-08-04 Online:2021-12-18 Published:2022-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤磷素流失是造成水体富营养化的重要威胁。为探明丹江口库区坡耕地低龄茶园磷素流失特征,采用野外天然降雨条件下的径流小区实验,研究了自然降雨条件下坡改梯（PT）和坡改梯+梯壁植草（PTS）2种农艺措施对水土流失和地表径流各种形态磷迁移的控制效果。结果表明,相对于当地传统种植区（CK）,PT和PTS处理平均分别减少20.9%、33.3%的径流流失和30.0%、42.0%的泥沙流失,表现出良好的水土保持效果,PTS处理减流减沙效果更显著。对地表径流水体磷素形态及比例分析表明,颗粒态磷是磷素随地表径流迁移的主要形态,占46.7%—73.5%,溶解态总磷流失以正磷酸盐流失为主,比例为88.8%—92.3%,可溶性有机磷所占比例较低。PT和PTS处理均能有效降低径流磷的流失量,可分别降低45.9%和69.0%的磷素流失量。综上可知,坡改梯和坡改梯+梯壁植草是控制丹江口库区坡耕地新建茶园水土和磷径流迁移的有效措施,其中,坡改梯配套梯壁植草效果更佳。研究结果可为库区坡耕地水土流失和面源污染的控制、重点水源地的水质保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 丹江口库区, 坡耕地, 农艺措施, 径流, 水土流失, 磷素流失

Abstract:

The loss of soil phosphorus has become an important threat to water eutrophication. In order to explore the characteristics of phosphorus loss in young tea garden of slope farmland in Danjiangkou reservoir area, the runoff plot experiment under natural rainfall was conducted to study the efficiency of two agronomic measures on reducing runoff and phosphorus losses. Three treatments were adopted in the runoff plots, including conventional practice as control (CK), slope into terrace (PT) and slope into terrace+grass planting on terrace (PTS). The result showed that compared with CK, PT and PTS decreased the runoff rate by 20.9% and 33.3%, and the sediment rate decreased by 30.0% and 42.0%, respectively, implying the significant effects of the two agronomic measures on soil and water conservation, especially for PTS treatment. The particulate phosphorus (PP) occupied much of total phosphorus loss, which accounted for 46.7%-73.5%, dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus (D-PO₄^3--P) was the major form of the dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), accounted for 88.8%-92.3%, while the ratio of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) was very low. Compared with CK treatment, PT and PTS treatments decreased the phosphorus in runoff rate by 45.9% and 69.0%, respectively. In conclusion therefore, PT and PTS significantly reduced soil, water and phosphorus loss via runoff in young tea garden of slope farmland in Danjiangkou reservoir area, PTS was the most effective. Our results could provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir area.

Key words: Danjiangkou reservoir, sloping cropland, agronomic measures, runoff, soil and water losses, phosphorus losses

中图分类号:

S157
X144

李太魁, 张香凝, 寇长林, 吕金岭, 郭战玲, 骆晓声. 不同农艺措施对丹江口库区坡耕地茶园水土和磷素流失的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12): 2324-2330.

LI Taikui, ZHANG Xiangning, KOU Changlin, LV Jinling, GUO Zhanling, LUO Xiaosheng. Effects of Different Agronomic Measures on Runoff, Water and Phosphorous Losses of Tea Garden Located in Sloping Cropland in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(12): 2324-2330.

图/表 5

图1 2015年月降雨量和降雨日数

Fig. 1 Monthly rainfall and rainfall days in 2015

图2 不同农艺措施下的地表径流量 CK：常规种植;PT：坡改梯;PTS：坡改梯+梯壁植草。不同字母表示差异达5%显著水平。下同

Fig. 2 Surface runoff under different agronomic measures during the experimental season CK：conventional practice;PT：slope into terrace;PTS：slope into terrace+grass planting on terrace. Different letters above the bars mean significant differences at 5% level. The same below

图3 不同农艺措施下的土壤流失量

Fig. 3 Soil losses under different agronomic measures during the experimental season

表1 不同处理径流液磷素流失浓度及比例

Table 1 Phosphorous loss forms and ratios of surface runoff under different treatments

降雨日期 Precipitation date	处理 Treatment	ρ/(mg∙L^-1)					比例 Ratio/%
降雨日期 Precipitation date	处理 Treatment	TP	PP	DTP	D-PO₄^3--P	DOP	PP/TP	D-PO₄^3--P/DTP	DOP/DTP
May.7	CK	0.34a	0.25a	0.09a	0.082a	0.008a	73.5	91.1	8.9 8.7 11.3 9.1 8.6 8.0 8.5 7.7 9.5 8.5 9.5 10.7
	PT	0.22b	0.14b	0.08a	0.073a	0.007a	63.6	91.3
	PTS	0.15b	0.07c	0.08a	0.071a	0.009a	46.7	88.8
Jun.23	CK	0.27a	0.16a	0.11a	0.100a	0.010a	59.3	90.9
	PT	0.18b	0.11b	0.07b	0.064b	0.006ab	61.1	91.4
	PTS	0.10c	0.05c	0.05b	0.046b	0.004b	50.0	92.0
Jul.15	CK	0.76a	0.42a	0.34a	0.311a	0.029a	55.3	91.5
	PT	0.53b	0.31b	0.22b	0.203b	0.017b	58.5	92.3
	PTS	0.41c	0.22c	0.19b	0.172b	0.018b	53.7	90.5
Aug.4	CK	0.63a	0.36a	0.27a	0.247a	0.023a	57.1	91.5
	PT	0.46b	0.27b	0.19b	0.172b	0.018b	58.7	90.5
	PTS	0.32c	0.18b	0.14c	0.125c	0.015b	56.3	89.3

图4 不同农艺措施下的总磷流失量

Fig. 4 Effect of different agronomic measures on total phosphorous loss

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不同农艺措施对丹江口库区坡耕地茶园水土和磷素流失的影响

Effects of Different Agronomic Measures on Runoff, Water and Phosphorous Losses of Tea Garden Located in Sloping Cropland in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

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