两种野生食用菌对土壤重金属的富集特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2093-2099.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.016

两种野生食用菌对土壤重金属的富集特征研究

茶丽娟¹^,²(), 周丹丹¹^,²^,^*(), 冯鸿娟¹, 赵淑媛¹, 冯凯萍¹

1.昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明 650500
2.云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,云南昆明 650500

收稿日期:2021-04-22 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * 周丹丹,女,副教授。E-mail: 82066981@qq.com
作者简介:茶丽娟（1987年生）,女（彝族）,实验师,博士研究生,主要研究方向为污染物环境行为。E-mail: 532064365@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41703121);云南省重点研发计划(2018BC004);昆明理工大学人才启动经费(KKSY201722006);昆明理工大学分析测试基金项目(2017T20160029);昆明理工大学分析测试基金项目(2017M20162207008);昆明理工大学分析测试基金项目(2020P20171107001)

Research on the Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Two Kinds of Wild Edible Fungi to Soil Heavy Metals

CHA Lijuan¹^,²(), ZHOU Dandan¹^,²^,^*(), FENG Hongjuan¹, ZHAO Shuyuan¹, FENG Kaiping¹

1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2021-04-22 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

野生食用菌具有富集重金属的能力,据调查研究云南省的部分野生食用菌有重金属超标的情况,探讨野生食用菌对重金属的富集具有迫切意义。本文以鸡枞菌（Termitomyces albuminosus）和珊瑚菌（Ramaria botrytoides）为研究对象,采用ICP-MS测定鸡枞菌和珊瑚菌中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量,以及野生菌根际土壤和非根际土中重金属的总量和有效态含量。在此基础上,计算了两种野生食用菌根际与非根际土壤中重金属总量的比值,根际与非根际土壤中重金属有效态比值,以及鸡枞菌和珊瑚菌对土壤中重金属富集系数,还探讨了鸡枞菌、珊瑚菌重金属含量与根际土壤重金属总量的相关性。研究结果表明,（1）两种野生食用菌根际与非根际土壤中重金属总量的比值大于1。在鸡枞菌根际/非根际土壤中重金属含量比值高低顺序为：Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu,珊瑚菌根际/非根际土壤中重金属含量比值高低顺序为：Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu。（2）根际与非根际土壤中重金属有效态比值总体上大于1。由以上两点可见,鸡枞菌、珊瑚菌根系微环境有利于重金属元素（Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb）的富集。（3）鸡枞菌对Cd、Cu、Zn的BCF（Bioaccumulation factor,BCF）大于1,而珊瑚菌对Cd、Cu、Zn的BCF小于1。鸡枞菌和珊瑚菌对Cd、Cu和Zn的富集能力存在差异。鸡枞菌对重金属富集与根际土壤重金属含量无显著相关性,珊瑚菌对Cu的富集与根际土壤中的Cu呈显著正相关。对野生食用菌进行富集差异研究有利于合理利用云南野生食用菌资源,以及野生食用菌根际效应研究将为野生食用菌生长土壤的重金属环境风险评价提供依据。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 野生食用菌, 有效态, 富集系数, 根际效应, 鸡枞菌, 珊瑚菌

Abstract:

Wild edible fungi have the ability to accumulate heavy metals. According to investigations, some wild edible fungi in Yunnan Province have exceeded the limit of heavy metals. In this paper, we used Termitomyces albuminosus and Ramaria botrytoides as the research objects. ICP-MS was used to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Termitomyces albuminosus and Ramaria botrytoides. At the same time, the total amount and available states of heavy metal elements in the corresponding rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were also determined. On this basis, the ratio of the total amount of heavy metals in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the two wild edible fungi, the ratio of the available states of heavy metals in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and the bioaccumlation factor of heavy metals in the soil were calculated. Moreover, the correlation between the content of heavy metals in Termitomyces albuminosus and Ramaria botrytoides and the total amount of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil were also discussed. The results show that: (1) The ratio of the total amount of heavy metals in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the two wild edible fungi are greater than 1. The order of the ratio of heavy metal content in the rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere soil of Termitomyces albuminosus is: Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu, the order of the ratio of heavy metal content in the rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere soil of Ramaria botrytoides is: Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu. (2) The ratio of available states of heavy metals in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils are generally greater than 1. From the above two points, it can be seen that the microenvironment of Termitomyces albuminosus and Ramaria botrytoides are conducive to the enrichment of heavy metal elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). (3) The BCF of Termitomyces albuminosus for Cd, Cu and Zn are greater than 1, while the BCF of Ramaria botrytoides for Cd, Cu, and Zn are less than 1. There is a difference in the accumulation ability of spores. There is no significant correlation between the accumulation of heavy metals by Termitomyces albuminosus and the content of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil. The accumulation of Cu by Ramaria botrytoides is significant and positively correlated with Cu in rhizosphere soil. The enrichment difference study of wild edible fungi will be useful for the rational utilization of wild edible fungi resources in Yunnan, and the research on the rhizosphere effect of wild edible fungi will provide a basis for the environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil where wild edible fungi grow.

Key words: soil heavy metals, wild edible fungi, available states, bioaccumlation factor, Rhizosphere effects, Termitomyces albuminosus, Ramaria botrytoides

中图分类号:

茶丽娟, 周丹丹, 冯鸿娟, 赵淑媛, 冯凯萍. 两种野生食用菌对土壤重金属的富集特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 2093-2099.

CHA Lijuan, ZHOU Dandan, FENG Hongjuan, ZHAO Shuyuan, FENG Kaiping. Research on the Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Two Kinds of Wild Edible Fungi to Soil Heavy Metals[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 2093-2099.

图/表 7

表1 采样点位基本情况表

Table 1 Basic situation table of sampling points

供试土壤 Test soil	野生食用菌 Wild edible Fungi	采集地
供试土壤 Test soil	野生食用菌 Wild edible Fungi	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude/m
1	鸡枞菌1 Termitomyces albuminosus	100.1474°E	25.0051°N	1903±16
2	鸡枞菌2 Termitomyces albuminosus	100.1463°E	25.0103°N	1895.92±16
3	鸡枞菌3 Termitomyces albuminosus	100.1468°E	25.0082°N	1897.84±16
4	珊瑚菌1 Ramaria botrytoides	100.1456°E	25.0098°N	1939.17±16
5	珊瑚菌2 Ramaria botrytoides	100.1405°E	25.0108°N	1931.63±16
6	珊瑚菌3 Ramaria botrytoides	100.1455°E	25.112°N	1938.25±12

图1 采样点分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of sample points

图2 两种野生食用菌对应根际土壤和非根际土壤中重金属总量的比值

Fig. 2 Two kinds of wild edible fungi correspond to the ratio of total heavy metals in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil

图3 两种野生食用菌对应根际土壤和非根际土壤中重金属有效态的比值

Fig. 3 Two kinds of wild edible fungi correspond to the ratio of available heavy metals in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil

图4 两种野生食用菌对Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的富集系数

Fig. 4 Bioaccumlation factor of two wild edible fungi to Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb

表2 鸡枞菌重金属含量与根际土壤重金属总量的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between the content of heavy metals in Termitomyces albuminosus and the total amount of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil

表3 珊瑚菌重金属含量与根际土壤重金属总量的相关系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between the content of heavy metals in Ramaria botrytoides and the total amount of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil

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两种野生食用菌对土壤重金属的富集特征研究

Research on the Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Two Kinds of Wild Edible Fungi to Soil Heavy Metals

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