青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其抗寒性初步评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 531-538.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.04.004

青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其抗寒性初步评价

谷月营¹(), 张赞培¹, 毛乾兴¹, 方升佐¹^,²^,^*()

1.南京林业大学林草学院，江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学南方林业现代协同创新中心，江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2024-01-09 出版日期:2024-04-18 发布日期:2024-05-31
通讯作者: *方升佐。E-mail: fangsz@njfu.edu.cn
作者简介:谷月营（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事森林培育的研究。E-mail: guyueying1222@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071750);江苏省农业重点研发项目(BE2019388)

Physiological Response of Cyclocarya paliurus Clones to Cold Acclimation and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Cold Resistance

GU Yueying¹(), ZHANG Zanpei¹, MAO Qianxing¹, FANG Shengzuo¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
2. Southern Forestry Modern Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China

Received:2024-01-09 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2024-05-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青钱柳（Cyclocarya paliurus）是多功能树种，主要分布在中国亚热带地区。为筛选出抗寒性较强的品种，探究了青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其与抗寒性的关系，旨在为青钱柳人工林的定向培育及抗寒性鉴定提供理论参考。以寒驯化后19个青钱柳3年生无性系及黎平种源（实生苗）的当年生枝条为材料，通过测定青钱柳枝条水分质量分数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数以及田间试验鉴定，计算了不同青钱柳无性系的冻害指数，分析了各生理生化指标与冻害指数相关性，评价了青钱柳无性系的抗寒性。结果表明，寒驯化后枝条水分质量分数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数在青钱柳无性系间存在显著差异；根据冻害指数，聚类分析将参试青钱柳无性系的相对抗寒性分为4类：1个抗寒性强无性系（CP3）、10个抗寒性较强无性系（LF1、Y1、LC4、L1、CR4、J1、LC2、CR5、CR2和BA1）、3个抗寒性中等无性系（Q4、LS3、CP6）和黎平种源以及4个抗寒性弱无性系（LS2、S4、CR6、LC1、LS5）。相关性分析表明，枝条水分质量分数与冻害指数呈极显著正相关，而可溶性蛋白质量分数、淀粉质量分数、木质素和半纤维素质量分数与冻害指数呈显著负相关。总体看，青钱柳经过寒驯化后，当年生枝条水分质量分数和可溶性蛋白质量分数高低可作为早期筛选抗寒性强优良无性系的主要参考因子，而淀粉、木质素和半纤维素质量分数可作为筛选的辅助参考因子。供试的19个青钱柳无性系中，无性系CP3的抗寒性相对强，可作为青钱柳抗寒性选育的首选材料，而10个抗寒性较强无性系可作为潜在的选育材料。

关键词: 青钱柳, 寒驯化, 生理响应, 冻害指数, 抗寒性评价, 田间鉴定法

Abstract:

As a multi-functional tree species, Cyclocarya paliurus is mainly distributed in the subtropical regions of China. To screen out clones or varieties with stronger cold resistance, we explored the physiological response of C. paliurus clones to cold acclimation and their relationship with cold resistance to provide theoretical references for directional cultivation and cold resistance identification of C. paliurus. Using current-year branches sampled from 19 clones and the liping provenance (CK-LP) of 3-year-old C. paliurus, we measured the mass fraction of water, soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, lignin, and hemicellulose after cold acclimation, identified the freezing injury of the plants after winter for each clone, and calculated their freezing injury indices. Correlations between physiological indicators and freezing injury indices were analyzed, and a preliminary evaluation of cold resistance was performed for the 19 clones. Our results revealed significant differences in the mass fractions of water, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, starch, lignin, and hemicellulose among the current-year branches of the tested clones. Based on the freezing injury index, cluster analysis divided the tested C paliurus clones into four categories: one superior cold resistant clone (CP3), 10 good cold resistant clones (LF1, Y1, LC4, L1, CR4, J1, LC2, CR5, CR2, and BA1), four moderate cold resistant genotypes (three clones (Q4, LS3, CP6), one provenance (CK-LP), and five weak cold resistant clones (LS2, S4, CR6, LC1, and LS5). The correlation analysis indicated that the water mass fraction in the branches was positively correlated with the freezing injury index, whereas the mass fractions of soluble proteins, starch, lignin, and hemicellulose were negatively correlated with the freezing injury index. Overall, after cold acclimation, the water and soluble protein mass fractions in the current-year branches could be used as the main indicators for the early selection of clones with strong cold resistance, whereas the mass fractions of starch, lignin, and hemicellulose could be used as reference indicators. Among the tested clones of C. paliurus, clone CP3, with superior cold resistance, can be used as the preferred clone for breeding, whereas the other ten clones with good cold resistance are potential breeding materials in the future.

Key words: Cyclocarya paliurus, cold acclimation, physiological response, freezing injury index, cold resistance evaluation, field identification method

中图分类号:

谷月营, 张赞培, 毛乾兴, 方升佐. 青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其抗寒性初步评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(4): 531-538.

GU Yueying, ZHANG Zanpei, MAO Qianxing, FANG Shengzuo. Physiological Response of Cyclocarya paliurus Clones to Cold Acclimation and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Cold Resistance[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(4): 531-538.

图/表 8

图1 试验地2022年11月－2023年3月初气温的动态变化

Figure 1 Dynamics of air temperature s at the test site from November 2022 to early March 2023

表1 青钱柳冻害分级

Table 1 Classification of freezing damage of Cyclocarya paliurus

级别	冻害情况
0级 (无冻害)	枝条正常生长, 枝条未变色, 未有受害枝条
1级 (轻微冻害)	枝条顶端灰色, 植株仅部分枝条变色, 受害枝条长度<15%
2级 (中等冻害)	枝条顶端灰色, 植株1/2及以上枝条变色, 受害枝条长度≥15%
3级 (严重冻害)	枝条顶端干枯发黑, 多数枝条干枯发黑
4级 (冻死)	枝条全部干枯死亡

图2 青钱柳无性系当年生枝条水分质量分数的差异不同小写字母为青钱柳无性系在0.05水平上差异显著，n=3。下同

Figure 2 Variation in water mass fraction among the current-year branches of Cyclocarya paliurus clones

表2 青钱柳无性系可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉质量分数的差异

Table 2 Variations in mass fraction of soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch among the Cyclocarya paliurus clones

无性系	可溶性蛋白质量分数/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1)	淀粉质量分数/ (mg·g^-1)
BA1	1.44±0.14c-e	59.45±1.03e-g	19.35±1.18hi
CP3	1.54±0.11bc	62.11±3.06c-e	30.92±2.29b
CP6	1.54±0.04bc	48.26±1.28j	23.44±1.42e-g
CR2	1.26±0.07e-j	63.86±1.32cd	18.98±0.16hi
CR4	1.37±0.07c-h	62.18±0.72c-e	34.34±2.03a
CR5	1.40±0.10c-f	61.99±1.52c-e	18.92±1.73hi
CR6	1.20±0.11hj	49.27±1.97j	18.06±1.83i
J1	1.38±0.05cg	44.94±0.67k	20.07±1.50g-i
L1	1.85±0.08a	57.03±0.79gh	24.07±0.73de
LC1	1.20±0.11gj	54.49±0.82hi	22.17±0.41e-g
LC2	1.18±0.11ij	60.74±1.57d-f	23.44±1.42d-f
LC4	1.46±0.09cd	67.31±0.55b	26.85±0.92c
LF1	1.40±0.11c-f	60.76±1.29d-f	24.26±1.08de
LS2	0.93±0.08k	59.73±1.27e-g	14.05±0.74j
LS3	1.25±0.13f-j	53.53±3.15i	15.70±0.59j
LS5	1.29±0.06d-j	60.98±1.60d-f	29.60±1.53b
Q4	1.32±0.07d-i	58.42±1.69fg	10.88±1.24k
S4	1.12±0.10j	57.53±1.86g	21.27±0.53f-h
Y1	1.67±0.08b	72.67±2.60a	27.23±0.90c
CK-LP	1.30±0.10d-j	64.73±1.52bc	25.41±2.19cd

图3 青钱柳无性系当年生枝条木质素和半纤维素质量分数的差异

Figure 3 Variation in lignin and hemicellulose mass fraction among the current-year branches of Cyclocarya paliurus clones

图4 青钱柳无性系冻害指数

Figure 4 Freezing injury indexes of Cyclocarya paliurus clones

图5 基于冻害指数的19个青钱柳无性系的聚类分析结果

Figure 5 Cluster analysis result of 19 Cyclocarya paliurus clones based on freezing injury index

图6 青钱柳无性系当年生枝条生理指标与冻害指数的相关性关系 * p≤0.05, **p≤0.01

Figure 6 Correlation matrix of physiological indexes in the current-year branches to freezing index in different clones of Cyclocarya paliurus

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青钱柳无性系对寒驯化的生理响应及其抗寒性初步评价

Physiological Response of Cyclocarya paliurus Clones to Cold Acclimation and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Cold Resistance

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