模拟酸雨对南亚热带森林凋落物分解和土壤呼吸的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1805-1813.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.004

模拟酸雨对南亚热带森林凋落物分解和土壤呼吸的影响

王玄¹^,²(), 熊鑫¹, 张慧玲¹, 赵梦頔¹^,², 胡明慧¹^,², 褚国伟¹, 孟泽¹, 张德强¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院华南植物园,广东广州 510650
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-07-16 出版日期:2021-09-18 发布日期:2021-12-08
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: zhangdeq@scib.ac.cn
作者简介:王玄（1992年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态系统生态学。E-mail: wangx@scbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41773088);国家自然科学基金项目(42107269);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M682951);广东科技特派员任务(KTP20200050)

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Litter Decomposition and Soil Respiration in A Low Subtropical Forest

WANG Xuan¹^,²(), XIONG Xin¹, ZHANG Huiling¹, ZHAO Mengdi¹^,², HU Minghui¹^,², CHU Guowei¹, MENG Ze¹, ZHANG Deqiang¹^,^*()

1. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-07-16 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于鼎湖山野外模拟酸雨长期实验平台,以原位分解实验探讨凋落物分解和土壤呼吸过程对酸雨胁迫的响应与适应机制。设置3个不同处理水平的模拟酸雨,即CK（pH=4.5的天然湖水）、T1（pH=3.5）和T2（pH=3.0）。选取鼎湖山针阔叶混交林试验地优势树种木荷（Schima superba）和锥（Castanopsis chinensis）叶凋落物,置于PVC分解环中进行原位分解实验,每月测定分解环的土壤呼吸速率。15个月（2019年9月—2021年1月）的实验结果显示,CK、T1和T2处理下的木荷和锥凋落物分解残留率分别为37.94%、40.63%、44.14%和21.92%、40.27%、48.72%;在分解早期（2019年9月—2020年4月）,不同酸处理水平间没有表现出显著差异（P>0.05）,而在分解后期（2020年5月至2021年1月）CK和T2处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。对照组（未覆盖凋落物的分解环）和覆盖木荷凋落物组中,模拟酸雨显著降低了年土壤呼吸通量（P<0.05）,但T1和T2处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）;覆盖锥凋落物组T2处理下的年土壤呼吸通量显著低于CK处理（P<0.05）,但CK和T1、T1和T2处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明,高强度的模拟酸雨（pH=3.0）抑制了木荷和锥叶凋落物的分解,但这种抑制作用只在凋落物分解的后期显现。模拟酸雨抑制了土壤呼吸,凋落物覆盖在一定程度上减缓了这种抑制作用,这种减缓效应与凋落物类型及酸雨强度有关。

关键词: 模拟酸雨, 南亚热带, 针阔叶混交林, 凋落物分解, 土壤呼吸速率, 土壤呼吸累积通量

Abstract:

Based on a long-term experimental platform of simulated acid rain (SAR) in Dinghu Mountain, this study aimed to explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of litter decomposition and soil respiration to acid rain stress in a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest. Three treatment levels of SAR were considered including a control (CK, natural lake water with pH=4.5), T1 (pH=3.5), and T2 (pH=3.0). The leaf litter mass of two dominant species Schima superba and Castanopsis chinensis were quantified with PVC decomposition rings using in-situ decomposition approach over 15 months (from September 2019 to January 2021), and soil respiration rates in the decomposition rings were measured monthly. The results showed that the litter residual percentages of S. superba and C. chinensis under the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were 37.94%, 40.63%, 44.14%, and 21.92%, 40.27%, 48.72%, respectively, after 15 months of decomposition. There were no significant differences among different acid treatment levels in the early decomposition period (September 2019 to April 2020) (P>0.05), but a significant difference was found between the CK and T2 treatments in the later decomposition period (May 2020 to January 2021) (P<0.05). The SAR significantly decreased the annual soil respiration rate (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the T1 and T2 treatments measured without litter or with S. superba litter (P>0.05) in the decomposition rings. With C. chinensis litter, the annual soil respiration rate under the T2 treatment was significantly lower than that under the CK treatment (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the CK and T1, or between the T1 and T2 (P>0.05). Our study revealed that high intensity SAR (pH=3.0) inhibited the leaf litter decomposition of S. superba and C. chinensis, but this inhibition effect only appeared at the later stage of litter decomposition. SAR inhibited soil respiration, but litter mulching mitigated the inhibition to some extent, and the alleviating effect was related to the type of litter and the intensity of acid rain.

Key words: simulated acid rain, low subtropics, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, litter decomposition, soil respiration rate, cumulative soil respiration

中图分类号:

王玄, 熊鑫, 张慧玲, 赵梦頔, 胡明慧, 褚国伟, 孟泽, 张德强. 模拟酸雨对南亚热带森林凋落物分解和土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1805-1813.

WANG Xuan, XIONG Xin, ZHANG Huiling, ZHAO Mengdi, HU Minghui, CHU Guowei, MENG Ze, ZHANG Deqiang. Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Litter Decomposition and Soil Respiration in A Low Subtropical Forest[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(9): 1805-1813.

图/表 7

图1 凋落物分解实验小区示意图（a）和实例图（b） C：对照组（未覆盖凋落物）,M：覆盖木荷凋落物组,Z：覆盖锥凋落物组,下同。M1、Z1：凋落物第一次采样

Fig. 1 Layout (a) and example (b) of litter decomposition experiment plot C: control group (without litter cover); M: Schima superba litter cover group; Z: Castanopsis chinensis litter cover group, The same below. M1, Z1: Litter sampling for the first time

图2 不同酸度处理下木荷（a）和锥（b）凋落物的分解残留率 n=5;CK：pH=4.5,T1：pH=3.5,T2：pH=3.0。 P值为重复测量方差分析结果。下同

Fig. 2 Litter decomposition residual rate of Schima superba (a) and Castanopsis chinensis (b) among different acid treatments P value is the result of repeated measures ANOVA. The same below

图3 不同酸度处理下未覆盖凋落物的对照组（a）、覆盖木荷凋落物组（b）和覆盖锥凋落物组（c）土壤呼吸速率的季节动态（2019年10月—2021年1月）

Fig. 3 Seasonal dynamics in soil respiration rates of without litter (a), schima superba litter (b) and Castanopsis chinensis litter (c) among different acid treatments (from October 2019 to January 2021)

图4 不同酸度处理间的年土壤呼吸通量（2020年1月—2021年1月）不同大写字母表示同一酸度处理下差异显著（P<0.05）,不同小写字母表示不同酸度处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Fig. 4 Annual soil respiration fluxes among different acid treatments (January 2020 to January 2021) Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different acid treatments (P<0.05). The same below

图5 不同酸度处理下土壤温度（a）和土壤湿度（b）的季节动态（2019年10月—2021年1月）

Fig. 5 Seasonal dynamics in soil temperature (a) and soil moisture (b) among different acid treatments (October 2019 to January 2021)

表1 模型R=aebt和R=aM+b分别拟合土壤呼吸速率与0—10 cm土壤温度和土壤湿度的关系

Table 1 Models R=aebt and R=aM+b fit the relationship between soil respiration rate (R, mg∙m-2∙h-1) and soil temperature (t, ℃) and soil moisture (M, %) between 0 and 10 cm, respectively

组别 Group	处理 Treatment	R=ae^bt					R=aM+b
组别 Group	处理 Treatment	a	b	P	Q₁₀	r²	a	b	P	r²
C	CK	234.65±63.61	0.043±0.012	0.004	1.54	0.521	169.377±162.896	25.955±8.642	0.011	0.429
	T1	57.57±14.57	0.095±0.011	0.000	2.59	0.859	-94.247±215.172	35.073±11.415	0.010	0.440
	T2	69.65±24.94	0.079±0.016	0.000	2.20	0.676	-89.499±189.842	30.014±10.072	0.011	0.425
M	CK	195.91±53.31	0.051±0.012	0.001	1.67	0.600	121.230±172.056	28.588±9.128	0.009	0.450
	T1	63.49±16.86	0.093±0.012	0.000	2.53	0.841	-51.622±199.044	34.133±10.560	0.007	0.465
	T2	96.06±41.05	0.071±0.019	0.003	2.03	0.546	-75.763±243.632	33.656±12.925	0.023	0.361
Z	CK	239.75±86.82	0.041±0.016	0.025	1.51	0.354	328.572±224.551	16.739±11.913	0.185	0.141
	T1	115.08±37.74	0.070±0.014	0.000	2.01	0.664	-96.607±163.836	38.514±8.692	0.001	0.621
	T2	71.42±28.60	0.085±0.018	0.000	2.34	0.660	-153.684±217.973	38.474±11.564	0.006	0.480

图6 不同酸度处理间土壤pH值（a)和土壤微生物量碳（b）

Fig. 6 Soil pH value (a) and soil microbial biomass carbon (b) among different acid treatments

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模拟酸雨对南亚热带森林凋落物分解和土壤呼吸的影响

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Litter Decomposition and Soil Respiration in A Low Subtropical Forest

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