长江流域氧氟沙星和金霉素的人体健康水质基准研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 92-100.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.010

长江流域氧氟沙星和金霉素的人体健康水质基准研究

高尧峰¹(), 段艳平¹^,²^,^*(), 陈昱如¹, 涂耀仁¹^,², 高峻¹^,²

1.上海师范大学环境与地理科学学院，上海 200234
2.上海长三角城市湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，上海 200234

收稿日期:2023-08-11 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-19
通讯作者: *段艳平。E-mail: duanyanping@shnu.edu.cn
作者简介:高尧峰（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向新兴污染物的环境行为、风险评价及污染控制。E-mail: yf19912928214@163.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA058);中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室主任基金(SKLLQGZR2304);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB40020105)

Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria of Ofloxacin and Chlortetracycline in the Yangtze River Basin

GAO Yaofeng¹(), DUAN Yanping¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Yuru¹, TU Yaoren¹^,², GAO Jun¹^,²

1. College of Environmental and Geography Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
2. Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China

Received:2023-08-11 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抗生素因其潜在的生态和健康风险而引起全球关注。目前，中国长江流域抗生素的人体健康水质基准研究尚处于空白阶段，不利于国家进一步开展抗生素新污染物的管控和风险评估工作。为促进长江流域抗生素污染物的人体健康水质基准研究和人体健康风险评估工作的开展，分别在长江流域宜宾段（上游）、重庆段（上游）、宜昌段（上游）、武汉段（中游）和上海段（下游）采集并分析了表层水样和不同营养级鱼样中氧氟沙星（OFL）和金霉素（CTC）的含量（采样点涉及长江干流、支流、沿江水库以及沿江城镇密集区）。通过分析长江流域OFL和CTC在第2、3、4营养级鱼类的最终营养级生物累积系数（A_f_i），结合抗生素毒理参数和人群暴露参数，在饮水和消费水产品两种暴露途径下，推导出了长江流域OFL和CTC的人体健康水质基准（AWQC）。结果表明，长江流域水体中OFL和CTC的质量浓度分别为ND-1.55×10⁻⁴、ND-4.17×10⁻⁴ mg∙L⁻¹，鱼体中OFL和CTC的质量分数分别为ND-4.94×10⁻²、ND-0.108 mg∙kg⁻¹；OFL在第2、3、4营养级鱼类中的A_f_i分别为1.40×10³、79.0、172 L∙kg⁻¹，CTC在第2、3、4营养级鱼类中的A_f_i分别为755、9.19×10⁴、744 L∙kg⁻¹；OFL和CTC的AWQC分别为3.04、0.250 μg∙L⁻¹。该结果显示长江流域OFL的人体健康风险暂时处于可接受水平，但长江流域宜宾段局部水体CTC浓度高于推导出的水质基准则表明仍需重点关注长江流域CTC的浓度变化情况及其可能会带来的人体健康风险。研究结果可为科学制定长江流域抗生素的水环境质量标准和评估其人体健康风险提供参考依据。

关键词: 氧氟沙星, 金霉素, 人体健康, 水质基准, 长江流域

Abstract:

Antibiotics have attracted global attention because of their potential ecological and health risks. At present, the human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) study of antibiotics in the Yangtze River basin is lacked, limiting the further development of the control and risk assessment of antibiotic pollutants in China. In order to promote the research on human health AWQC and human health risk assessment of antibiotic pollutants in the Yangtze River basin, we analyzed the contaminated levels of ofloxacin (OFL) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in surface water and fish samples (different trophic levels) in the Yibin (upstream), Chongqing (upstream), Yichang (upstream), Wuhan (midstream), and Shanghai (downstream) of the Yangtze River basin, respectively (Sampling sites involve the Yangtze River's main stream, tributaries, coastal reservoirs and densely populated urban areas along the river). The AWQC of OFL and CTC in the Yangtze River basin were conducted by analyzing the final trophic level bioaccumulation factors (A_f_i) of OFL and CTC in fish at the 2, 3 and 4 trophic levels, as well as combining the antibiotic toxicological parameters and population exposure parameters through drinking water and consumption of aquatic products. The results showed that the mass concentration of OFL and CTC in Yangtze River waters were ND-1.55×10⁻⁴ mg∙L⁻¹ and ND-4.17×10⁻⁴ mg∙L⁻¹, respectively. The mass fraction of OFL and CTC in fish were ND-4.94×10⁻² mg∙kg⁻¹ and ND-0.108 mg∙kg⁻¹. The fish A_f_i of OFL at trophic levels 2, 3 and 4 were 1.40×10³ L∙kg⁻¹, 79.0 L∙kg⁻¹ and 172 L∙kg⁻¹; the fish A_f_i of CTC at trophic levels 2, 3 and 4 were 755 L∙kg⁻¹, 9.19×10⁴ L∙kg⁻¹ and 744 L∙kg⁻¹. The AWQC of OFL and CTC were 3.04 μg∙L⁻¹ and 0.250 μg∙L⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that the human health risk of OFL in the Yangtze River basin was temporarily acceptable, but the CTC concentration in surface water in Yibin was higher than the conducted AWQC, indicating that the CTC concentration variation in the Yangtze River basin and the possible human health risk should be pay more attention. These observations may provide a reference for the scientific development of water environmental quality standards for antibiotics in Yangtze River basin and the assessment of the human health risks.

Key words: ofloxacin, chlortetracycline, human health, ambient water quality criteria, Yangtze River basin

中图分类号:

高尧峰, 段艳平, 陈昱如, 涂耀仁, 高峻. 长江流域氧氟沙星和金霉素的人体健康水质基准研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(1): 92-100.

GAO Yaofeng, DUAN Yanping, CHEN Yuru, TU Yaoren, GAO Jun. Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria of Ofloxacin and Chlortetracycline in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(1): 92-100.

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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采样点	采样点编号	东经(E)/(°)	北纬(N)/(°)	采样点地理特征	采样点	采样点编号	东经(E)/(°)	北纬(N)/(°)	采样点地理特征
宜宾市	YB1	104.591864	28.745217	宜宾市长江干流	武汉市	WH1	114.163593	30.400350	武汉市长江干流
	YB2	104.608109	28.777593	岷江支流		WH2	114.149601	30.449038	东荆河
	YB3	104.652194	28.765966	岷江和长江交汇处		WH3	114.226662	30.489634	东荆河和长江交汇处
	YB4	104.676631	28.763931	南广河的采样点		WH4	114.240970	30.568305	汉江
	YB5	104.677527	28.765262	南广河和长江交汇处		WH5	114.295620	30.574486	汉江和长江交汇处
	YB6	104.723091	28.785070	宜宾市长江干流		WH6	114.350379	30.692294	朱家河
重庆市	CQ1	106.497752	29.457746	重庆市马桑溪		WH7	114.373810	30.703797	滠水
	CQ2	106.525258	29.465647	花溪支流		WH8	114.483282	30.676944	武汉市长江干流
	CQ3	106.534300	29.535600	城镇密集处	上海市	SH1	121.044797	31.739021	上海市长江干流
	CQ4	106.550012	29.572630	嘉陵江		SH2	120.345406	31.182703	太湖
	CQ5	106.583423	29.601275	重庆市长江干流		SH3	120.945109	31.116898	上海市青浦区淀山湖
宜昌市	YC1	110.982041	30.838971	三峡水库		SH4	121.484623	31.245379	苏州河
	YC2	111.266191	30.755733	葛洲坝水库		SH5	121.497780	31.232712	黄浦江和苏州河交汇处
	YC3	111.270810	30.704619	宜昌市长江干流		SH6	121.501577	31.373207	黄浦江和长江交汇处
	YC4	111.364693	30.634043	柏临河		SH7	121.574892	31.439502	上海市长兴岛长江干流
	YC5	110.346852	30.624419	宜昌市长江干流		SH8	121.725117	31.408525	青草沙水库和长江交汇处
						SH9	121.781531	31.367583	上海市长兴岛长江干流

采样点	采样点编号	东经(E)/(°)	北纬(N)/(°)	采样点地理特征	采样点	采样点编号	东经(E)/(°)	北纬(N)/(°)	采样点地理特征
宜宾市	YB1	104.591864	28.745217	宜宾市长江干流	武汉市	WH1	114.163593	30.400350	武汉市长江干流
	YB2	104.608109	28.777593	岷江支流		WH2	114.149601	30.449038	东荆河
	YB3	104.652194	28.765966	岷江和长江交汇处		WH3	114.226662	30.489634	东荆河和长江交汇处
	YB4	104.676631	28.763931	南广河的采样点		WH4	114.240970	30.568305	汉江
	YB5	104.677527	28.765262	南广河和长江交汇处		WH5	114.295620	30.574486	汉江和长江交汇处
	YB6	104.723091	28.785070	宜宾市长江干流		WH6	114.350379	30.692294	朱家河
重庆市	CQ1	106.497752	29.457746	重庆市马桑溪		WH7	114.373810	30.703797	滠水
	CQ2	106.525258	29.465647	花溪支流		WH8	114.483282	30.676944	武汉市长江干流
	CQ3	106.534300	29.535600	城镇密集处	上海市	SH1	121.044797	31.739021	上海市长江干流
	CQ4	106.550012	29.572630	嘉陵江		SH2	120.345406	31.182703	太湖
	CQ5	106.583423	29.601275	重庆市长江干流		SH3	120.945109	31.116898	上海市青浦区淀山湖
宜昌市	YC1	110.982041	30.838971	三峡水库		SH4	121.484623	31.245379	苏州河
	YC2	111.266191	30.755733	葛洲坝水库		SH5	121.497780	31.232712	黄浦江和苏州河交汇处
	YC3	111.270810	30.704619	宜昌市长江干流		SH6	121.501577	31.373207	黄浦江和长江交汇处
	YC4	111.364693	30.634043	柏临河		SH7	121.574892	31.439502	上海市长兴岛长江干流
	YC5	110.346852	30.624419	宜昌市长江干流		SH8	121.725117	31.408525	青草沙水库和长江交汇处
						SH9	121.781531	31.367583	上海市长兴岛长江干流

鱼类	采样点编号 (鱼样编号)	样品数	食性描述	营养级
草鱼	WHF2 (FWH2、FWH6、FWH7)、WHF5 (FWH8)	4	草食性	二级
黄尾鲴	YBF1 (FYB5)	1	草食性
鲤鱼	SHF1 (FSH5)、SHF2 (FSH9)	2	杂食性	三级
瓦氏黄颡鱼	CQF1 (FCQ4、FCQ5)、YCF1 (FYC4、FYC5)、WHF5 (FWH9)、WHF3 (FWH10)、WHF6 (FWH12)、WHF7 (FWH13、FWH15)、WHF2 (FWH14)、SHF1 (FSH3)	11	杂食性
鲢鱼	YBF1 (FYB2)、WHF1 (FWH1)、WHF3 (FWH3、FWH4、FWH11)、WHF4 (FWH5)、SHF1 (FSH6)	7	杂食性
鲫鱼	YBF1 (FYB4)、SHF1 (FSH8)、SHF2 (FSH10)	3	杂食性
凤鲚	SHF3 (FSH11)	1	杂食性
黄鲫	SHF3 (FSH12)	1	杂食性
鮸鱼	SHF3 (FSH13)	1	杂食性
棘头梅童鱼	SHF3 (FSH15)	1	杂食性
刀鲚	SHF3 (FSH16)	1	杂食性
铜鱼	YCF1 (FYC1、FYC2、FYC3)	3	杂食性
圆口铜鱼	CQF1 (FCQ1、FCQ2、FCQ3)	3	杂食性
黑鱼	SHF1 (FSH7)	1	肉食性	四级
龙头鱼	SHF3 (FSH14)	1	肉食性
斑鳜	YBF1 (FYB7)	1	肉食性
翘嘴鲌	YBF1 (FYB1、FYB3、FYB6)、CQF1 (FCQ6、FCQ7)、SHF1 (FSH4)	6	肉食性
翘嘴红鲌	SHF1 (FSH1)	1	肉食性
鲶鱼	SHF1 (FSH2)	1	肉食性

鱼类	采样点编号 (鱼样编号)	样品数	食性描述	营养级
草鱼	WHF2 (FWH2、FWH6、FWH7)、WHF5 (FWH8)	4	草食性	二级
黄尾鲴	YBF1 (FYB5)	1	草食性
鲤鱼	SHF1 (FSH5)、SHF2 (FSH9)	2	杂食性	三级
瓦氏黄颡鱼	CQF1 (FCQ4、FCQ5)、YCF1 (FYC4、FYC5)、WHF5 (FWH9)、WHF3 (FWH10)、WHF6 (FWH12)、WHF7 (FWH13、FWH15)、WHF2 (FWH14)、SHF1 (FSH3)	11	杂食性
鲢鱼	YBF1 (FYB2)、WHF1 (FWH1)、WHF3 (FWH3、FWH4、FWH11)、WHF4 (FWH5)、SHF1 (FSH6)	7	杂食性
鲫鱼	YBF1 (FYB4)、SHF1 (FSH8)、SHF2 (FSH10)	3	杂食性
凤鲚	SHF3 (FSH11)	1	杂食性
黄鲫	SHF3 (FSH12)	1	杂食性
鮸鱼	SHF3 (FSH13)	1	杂食性
棘头梅童鱼	SHF3 (FSH15)	1	杂食性
刀鲚	SHF3 (FSH16)	1	杂食性
铜鱼	YCF1 (FYC1、FYC2、FYC3)	3	杂食性
圆口铜鱼	CQF1 (FCQ1、FCQ2、FCQ3)	3	杂食性
黑鱼	SHF1 (FSH7)	1	肉食性	四级
龙头鱼	SHF3 (FSH14)	1	肉食性
斑鳜	YBF1 (FYB7)	1	肉食性
翘嘴鲌	YBF1 (FYB1、FYB3、FYB6)、CQF1 (FCQ6、FCQ7)、SHF1 (FSH4)	6	肉食性
翘嘴红鲌	SHF1 (FSH1)	1	肉食性
鲶鱼	SHF1 (FSH2)	1	肉食性

抗生素	母离子质荷比(m/z)	子离子质荷比(m/z)	碰撞能量/V	水体检出限/ (ng∙L⁻¹)	鱼体检出限/ (μg∙kg⁻¹)
OFL	362	261, 318	27, 18	0.400	1.00
CTC	479	444, 462	20, 28	2.00	5.00

长江流域氧氟沙星和金霉素的人体健康水质基准研究

Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria of Ofloxacin and Chlortetracycline in the Yangtze River Basin

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Metrics

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水系	OFL			CTC
水系	质量浓度范围/(mg∙L⁻¹)	质量浓度均值/(mg∙L⁻¹)	参考文献	质量浓度范围/(mg∙L⁻¹)	质量浓度均值/(mg∙L⁻¹)	参考文献
长江	ND-1.55×10⁻⁴	2.99×10⁻⁶	本研究	ND-4.17×10⁻⁴	1.92×10⁻⁵	本研究
珠江	0.800×10⁻⁶-1.95×10⁻⁴	3.87×10⁻⁵	Li et al., 2018	‒	‒	‒
海河	ND-1.70×10⁴	3.47×10⁻⁵	Li et al., 2019	ND-6.89×10⁻²	7.71×10⁻³	Chen et al., 2018
辽河	ND-2.72×10⁻⁵	3.68×10⁻⁶	Gao et al., 2022	ND-5.19×10⁻⁵	3.20×10⁻⁶	Gao et al., 2022
黄河	ND-2.64×10⁻⁴	9.23×10⁻⁵	Xu et al., 2009	ND-4.20×10⁻⁶	4.00×10⁻⁶	LÜ et al., 2022
松花江	ND-1.65×10⁻⁴	3.68×10⁻⁶	Li et al., 2019	‒	‒	‒
淮河	‒	‒	‒	ND-1.93×10⁻⁵	1.15×10⁻⁶	席楠楠等, 2017

抗生素	营养级	鱼种类	A_a/ (L∙kg^-1)	A_s/ (L∙kg^-1)	A_b_i/ (L∙kg^-1)	A_f_i/ (L∙kg^-1)
OFL	二级	草鱼	2.67×10³	1.0×10⁵	5.68×10⁴	1.40×10³
	二级	黄尾鲴	142	5.68×10³
	三级	鲢鱼	75.0	2.39×10³	2.53×10³	79.0
		瓦氏黄颡鱼	20.0	627
		鲫鱼	142	4.57×10³
	四级	斑鳜	172	5.40×10³	5.40×10³	132
CTC	二级	黄尾鲴	755	3.05×10⁴	3.05×10⁴	755
	三级	铜鱼	2.32×10⁵	7.52×10⁶	2.98×10⁶	9.19×10⁴
		瓦氏黄颡鱼	4.35×10⁴	1.41×10⁶
		鲫鱼	538	1.74×10⁴
	四级	翘嘴鲌	460	1.45×10⁴	2.35×10⁴	744
	四级	斑鳜	1.03×10³	3.25×10⁴

抗生素	参考剂量R_RfD/(mg∙kg⁻¹∙d⁻¹)	人均体重B_BW/(kg)	人均饮水量D_DI/(L∙d⁻¹)	各营养级水产品摄入量 F_i (i=2, 3, 4)/(kg∙d⁻¹)			最终营养级生物积累因子 A_fi (i=2, 3, 4)/(L∙kg⁻¹)			C_AWQC/ (μg∙L⁻¹)
抗生素	参考剂量R_RfD/(mg∙kg⁻¹∙d⁻¹)	人均体重B_BW/(kg)	人均饮水量D_DI/(L∙d⁻¹)	F₂	F₃	F₄	A_f2	A_f3	A_f4	C_AWQC/ (μg∙L⁻¹)
OFL	5.00×10⁻³	60.6	1.85	1.182×10⁻²	1.606×10⁻²	1.27×10⁻³	1.40×10³	79.0	172	3.04
CTC	3.00×10⁻²	60.6	1.85	1.182×10⁻²	1.606×10⁻²	1.27×10⁻³	755	9.19×10⁴	744	0.250

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