生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 80-91.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2022年夏季高温干旱对四川盆地污染物浓度变化的影响分析

王传扬1(), 张小玲1,2,*(), 兰琳惠1, 潘婕1   

  1. 1.成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室，四川 成都 610225
    2.成都平原城市气象与环境四川省野外科学观测研究站，四川 成都 610225
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-03 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: *张小玲。E-mail: xlzhang@ium.cn
  • 作者简介:王传扬（2000年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为大气环境。E-mail: 18061171646@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3709301);国家自然科学基金项目(42175174);成都信息工程大学引进人才科研启动项目(KYTZ202127)

Analysis of the Impact of High Temperature and Drought on the Concentration Changes of Pollutants in the Sichuan Basin in Summer of 2022

WANG Chuanyang1(), ZHANG Xiaoling1,2,*(), LAN Linhui1, PAN Jie1   

  1. 1. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, P. R. China
    2. Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, P. R. China
  • Received:2023-07-03 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-19

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摘要：

2022年夏季高温干旱严重影响中国长江流域，臭氧（O3）等污染物也出现明显异常，为研究高温干旱对污染物的影响，利用2015-2022年夏季逐小时地面空气质量和气象监测数据以及气象再分析资料，分析了夏季高温干旱特征以及对O3和细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度的影响。结果表明：2022年夏季受高原暖高压和西太平洋副热带高压西伸北抬的影响，中国长江流域出现极端高温干旱天气事件，持续时间长，影响范围广，其中四川盆地和长三角地区地面温度明显偏高，相对湿度和降水量偏低，对近地面O3和PM2.5浓度造成了一定的影响。7-8月高温干旱对四川盆地产生的影响尤其严重。异常的高温干旱增强了大气光化学反应能力，对O3和二次气溶胶生成有贡献，且降水对污染物的湿清除作用大大减弱，导致四川盆地O3浓度和超标天数明显增加，PM2.5浓度也有所升高，甚至造成持续十多天的高温热浪和O3污染复合事件，其中对成都平原O3污染的影响最为显著，其次为川南城市群。成都平原和川南城市群O3超标天数分别为22 d和17 d；成都平原高温日数和O3超标天数分别比2021年增加了约250%和120%。除高温热浪的影响外，高原地形阻挡以及风的垂直输送也是四川盆地O3污染形成的重要原因之一。

关键词: 高温干旱, 西太平洋副热带高压, 臭氧污染, 复合事件, 四川盆地

Abstract:

During the summer of 2022, the Yangtze River Basin in China is severely affected by high temperatures and drought, leading to significant variations in pollutants including ozone (O3). Surface air quality, hourly meteorological monitoring data, and meteorological reanalysis data were used to examine the effects of high temperatures and droughts on pollutants. These data were analyzed to understand the characteristics of high temperatures and drought and their impact on O3 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. The results showed that extremely high temperatures and drought events occurred in the Yangtze River Basin of China during the summer of 2022, which is characterized by a long duration and widespread impact caused by the plateau warm high pressure, westward extension, and northward uplift of the Western Pacific Subtropical High. The Sichuan Basin and Yangtze River Delta region had higher surface temperatures, lower relative humidity, and precipitation, which had an impact on the concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 near the surface. The Sichuan Basin is particularly affected by high temperatures and droughts in July and August. The abnormally high temperature and drought enhanced atmospheric photochemical reactivity, contributing to the generation of ozone and secondary aerosols. The wet removal effect of precipitation on pollutants was significantly weakened, leading to a significant increase in the O3 concentration and the number of days exceeding the standard in the Sichuan Basin. The concentration of PM2.5, increased in some cities, even causing a compounded heat wave and ozone pollution event that lasted more than ten days. The most significant impact on O3 pollution occurred in the Chengdu Plain, followed by urban agglomeration in southern Sichuan, where the number of days with O3 exceedance was over 20 days and 17 days. The number of high-temperature days and O3 exceedance days increased by approximately 250% and 120%, respectively, in the Chengdu Plain compared with 2021. In addition to the influence of high-temperature heat waves, topographical obstruction of the plateau and vertical wind transport are important factors that affect O3 pollution in the Sichuan Basin.

Key words: high temperature and drought, western pacific subtropical high, ozone pollution, compound event, the Sichuan Basin

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