局地气候分区视角下北京市五环内城市热环境及人口热暴露风险日动态变化研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.02.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 279-292.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.02.010

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

局地气候分区视角下北京市五环内城市热环境及人口热暴露风险日动态变化研究

孙艺菲¹^,²^,³(), 孟丹¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 宋加颖¹^,²^,³, 胡非凡¹^,²^,³, 李小娟¹^,²^,³

1.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院，北京 100048
2.北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地，北京 100048
3.资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室，北京 100048

收稿日期:2024-08-13 出版日期:2025-02-18 发布日期:2025-03-03
通讯作者: *孟丹。E-mail: mengdan@cnu.edu.cn
作者简介:孙艺菲（2002年生），女，学士，研究方向为资源环境遥感。E-mail: 1203601010@cnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国电力工程顾问集团有限公司重大科技专项项目(DG3-P01-2022);国家自然科学基金项目(42271487);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930109)

Study on the Diurnal Dynamic Changes of Urban Thermal Environment and Population Heat Exposure Risk within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road from the Perspective of Local Climate Zones

SUN Yifei¹^,²^,³(), MENG Dan¹^,²^,³^,^*(), SONG Jiaying¹^,²^,³, HU Feifan¹^,²^,³, LI Xiaojuan¹^,²^,³

1. College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
2. State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
3. Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS, Beijing 100048, P. R. China

Received:2024-08-13 Online:2025-02-18 Published:2025-03-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北京作为中国首都和人口密集城市，其城市热岛效应问题较为严重，研究其热岛效应与人口热暴露风险对于减轻夏季高温对居民健康的不利影响至关重要。基于局地气候分区（Local Climate Zones，LCZ）分析北京市五环路内夏季地表温度（Land Surface Temperature，LST）及地表城市热岛强度（Surface Urban Island Intensity，SUHII）的日变化规律，探究不同LCZ间城市热环境的日动态变化和空间格局，并结合不同时刻的人口数据研究人口热暴露强度的时空分布特征，评估风险等级。结果表明：1）一天中研究区内的平均LST整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势，城市中心保持较高地表温度，SUHII先增加后减弱，夜间局部热岛现象消失，SUHII呈现出从城市中心向外围逐渐降低的层级结构;2）研究区内以紧凑型建筑区为主，不同LCZ类型的昼夜LST变化和SUHII差异显著，紧凑型建筑区的平均LST高于开阔型建筑区，白天SUHII平均值随着建筑高度升高而减小，夜间则相反;3）研究区内不同等级的人口热暴露强度在日内呈现出不同的变化趋势，一天中热暴露强度由城市中心逐渐向外扩散，正午时达到峰值，傍晚至夜间降至最低。因此在城市规划中，应避免过于密集的中高层建筑，并重视提高植被覆盖率，以缓解城市热岛效应，降低人口热暴露风险。

关键词: 城市热岛, 局地气候分区, 人口热暴露, 日动态变化, 生态系统星载热辐射计实验（ECOSTRESS）, 北京市

Abstract:

As the capital of China and a densely populated city, Beijing experiences a significant urban heat island (UHI) effect. Studying the UHI effect and population heat exposure risk in Beijing, as well as exploring the influencing factors, is of great importance for mitigating the adverse effects of summer heat on residents’ health. This study analyzes the diurnal variation patterns of land surface temperature (LST) and surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) in the area within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road during summer based on local climate zones (LCZ). This study explores the diurnal dynamic changes and spatial patterns of the urban thermal environment in different LCZ types. Additionally, by combining population data at different times of the day, this study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the population heat exposure intensity within the Fifth Ring Road and assessed its risk levels. The results showed the following: 1) Throughout the day (starting from midnight), the average LST within the Fifth Ring Road initially rose and then fell, with the city center maintaining a higher LST, which gradually decreased in high-temperature areas after noon. The SUHII of the study area followed a similar pattern, first increasing and then weakening, with the local UHI phenomena appearing at night. SUHII exhibits a clear hierarchical structure, gradually decreasing from the urban center to the outskirts. 2) Within the Fifth Ring Road, compact building zones were the main type, and there were significant diurnal variations in LST and SUHII among the different LCZ types. For the urban building types, the average LST in compact building areas was higher than that in open building areas. During the day, the average SUHII value decreased with increasing building height; however, the opposite was true at night. 3) The intensity of population heat exposure at different levels in the study area exhibited varying diurnal trends. During the day, the heat exposure intensity gradually spread outward from the city center, reaching its peak at noon and decreasing to its lowest level from evening to night. Therefore, urban planning should avoid overly dense mid- to high-rise buildings and prioritize increasing vegetation coverage to alleviate the UHI effect and reduce population heat exposure risk.

Key words: urban heat island, local climate zone, population heat exposure, diurnal variation, ECOSTRESS, Beijing

中图分类号:

孙艺菲, 孟丹, 宋加颖, 胡非凡, 李小娟. 局地气候分区视角下北京市五环内城市热环境及人口热暴露风险日动态变化研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(2): 279-292.

SUN Yifei, MENG Dan, SONG Jiaying, HU Feifan, LI Xiaojuan. Study on the Diurnal Dynamic Changes of Urban Thermal Environment and Population Heat Exposure Risk within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road from the Perspective of Local Climate Zones[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(2): 279-292.

图/表 15

图1 研究区域示意图

Figure 1 Diagram of the studied area

表1 LCZ分类参数

Table 1 LCZ parameter

局地气候分区	类型名称	BSF/ %	ISF/ %	PSF/ %	SVF	HRE/ m
LCZ 1	紧凑型高层建筑	40－60	40－60	<10	0.2－0.4	>25
LCZ 2	紧凑型中层建筑	40－70	30－50	<20	0.3－0.6	10－25
LCZ 3	紧凑型低层建筑	40－70	20－50	<30	0.2－0.6	3－10
LCZ 4	开阔型高层建筑	20－40	30－40	30－40	0.5－0.7	>25
LCZ 5	开阔型中层建筑	20－40	30－50	20－40	0.5－0.8	10－25
LCZ 6	开阔型低层建筑	20－40	20－50	30－60	0.6－0.9	3－10
LCZ 7	简易低层建筑	60－90	<20	<30	0.2－0.5	2－4
LCZ 8	大型低层建筑	30－50	40－50	<20	>0.7	3－10
LCZ 9	零散低层建筑	10－20	60－80	<20	>0.8	3－10
LCZ 10	工业厂房	20－30	20－40	40－50	0.6－0.9	5－15
LCZ A	茂密树林	<10	<10	>90	<0.4	3－10
LCZ B	稀疏树林	<10	<10	>90	0.5－0.8	3‒15
LCZ C	灌木丛	<10	<10	>90	0.7－0.8	<2
LCZ D	低矮树林	<10	<10	>90	>0.9	<0.25
LCZ E	岩石或人工地面	<10	>90	<10	>0.9	<0.25
LCZ F	裸地沙土	<10	<10	>90	>0.9	<0.25
LCZ G	水体	<10	<10	>90	>0.9	－

表2 ECOSTRESS LST数据选取

Table 2 ECOSTRESS LST data selection

成像时间（UTC+8）	气温/℃	天气
2020-08-11T10:42	34－25	晴，西南风2级
2022-06-18T13:41	32－22	晴，东南风2级
2018-08-04T15:29	36－27	晴，南风1－2级
2019-09-24T18:02	31－15	晴，东北风2级
2019-09-28T22:55	30－17	晴，西南风1级
2019-09-25T00:32	31－15	晴，西南风2级
2018-09-07T02:07	27－18	晴，西北风4级
2019-08-29T04:39	31－20	晴，西北风3级
2022-09-02T07:49	28－18	晴，南风2级

表3 研究区昼夜LST统计特征 ℃

Table 3 The statistical characteristics of diurnal LST in the studied area

时间	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准差
0:32	22.37	11.03	18.48	1.44
2:07	23.95	13.59	18.62	0.84
4:39	23.49	11.15	18.45	1.45
7:49	27.23	18.17	21.36	0.84
10:42	51.09	28.51	38.49	2.73
13:41	62.41	26.21	42.95	3.3
15:29	50.37	24.29	41.49	2.33
18:02	29.67	18.97	25.18	1.09
22:55	22.93	14.07	18.99	1.22

图2 不同时刻LST空间分布示意图

Figure 2 The spatial distribution diagram of LST at different times

图3 不同时刻SUHII空间分布示意图

Figure 3 The spatial distribution diagram of SUHII at different times

图4 LCZ空间分布示意图

Figure 4 Spatial distribution diagram of LCZ

图5 不同LCZ类型的昼夜平均LST变化点线图

Figure 5 The diurnal average LST change point and line chart of different LCZ types

图6 不同LCZ类型的平均SUHII日变化点线图

Figure 6 The average SUHII diurnal variation point and line chart of different LCZ types

图7 不同LCZ类型在不同时刻的SUHII变化

Figure 7 SUHII changes of different LCZ types at different times

图8 基于World pop数据制作的人口密度空间分布

Figure 8 Spatial distribution map of population density based on World pop data

图9 不同时刻人口密度空间分布图

Figure 9 Spatial distribution of population density at different times

图10 相对人口热暴露强度变化示意图

Figure 10 Diurnal variation diagram of relative population heat exposure intensity

图11 不同等级的人口热暴露风险区在各环路内的面积占比

Figure 11 The area proportion of different population heat exposure risk areas in each loop

图12 不同LCZ类型的平均相对人口热暴露强度变化点线图

Figure 12 The average relative population heat exposure intensity change point and line chart of different LCZ types

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局地气候分区视角下北京市五环内城市热环境及人口热暴露风险日动态变化研究

Study on the Diurnal Dynamic Changes of Urban Thermal Environment and Population Heat Exposure Risk within Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road from the Perspective of Local Climate Zones

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