CO2升高和施氮互作对木荷幼苗生理特性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1773-1782.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.007

CO₂升高和施氮互作对木荷幼苗生理特性的影响

冯永霞¹(), 尚鹤¹, 曹吉鑫², 倪秀雅¹, 陈展¹^,^*()

1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所/国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091
2.北京市园林绿化科学研究院,北京 100044

收稿日期:2022-05-04 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: *E-mail: chenzhan0508@126.com
作者简介:冯永霞（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为森林生态学。E-mail: fengyongxia18@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600202-3);国家自然科学基金项目(31800526)

Interactive Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Nitrogen Fertilization on Physiological Characteristics of Schima superba Seedings

FENG Yongxia¹(), SHANG He¹, CAO Jixin², NI Xiuya¹, CHEN Zhan¹^,^*()

1. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
2. Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100044, P. R. China

Received:2022-05-04 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂浓度升高与氮（N）沉降增加的交互作用对陆地生态系统的影响已成为全球变化研究的热点。大量研究报道了CO₂浓度升高和氮沉降对生态系统的影响,但关于高浓度CO₂以及N肥对木本植物的影响研究还很少。该研究拟探讨高浓度CO₂和N添加对木荷（Schima superba）幼苗生理特性的影响,以了解木荷幼苗生理生态对未来气候变化的响应机制。利用开顶室气室（open top chambers,OTC）组成的CO₂浓度自动调控平台,以一年生木荷幼苗为研究材料,根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang,IPCC）第五次评估报告预测的未来CO₂浓度升高情景,设置550、750、1000 μmol∙mol^-1共3个CO₂熏气处理,以自然大气CO₂浓度（约400 μmol∙mol^-1,CK）为对照,在每个OTC内设置不施氮（低氮,0 g∙m^-2∙a^-1）和施氮（高氮,10 g∙m^-2∙a^-1）2个氮肥处理水平,研究CO₂浓度升高和施用氮肥及其交互作用对木荷幼苗生理生态特征的影响。结果表明,（1）除1000 μmol∙mol^-1 CO₂处理外,其他CO₂处理水平下高氮处理后木荷幼苗叶片光合色素含量较低氮处理显著增加（P<0.05）。（2）CO₂浓度和施氮对丙二酮（MDA）活力无显著影响,但施氮却抑制了超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活力（P<0.001）。（3）CO₂浓度增加对脱落酸（ABA）含量无显著影响,但对生长素（IAA）含量有促进作用（P=0.003）,施氮对玉米素（ZR）、赤霉素（GA3）有抑制作用（P<0.001）。（4）施氮和CO₂浓度升高对植物的总生物量有促进作用。高氮条件下,1000 μmol∙mol^-1 CO₂处理木荷幼苗的总生物量较CK处理增加了52.79%（P=0.044）。1000 μmol∙mol^-1 CO₂处理下,高氮与低氮处理相比,木荷生物量增加了106.38%（P=0.003）。大气CO₂浓度升高和施氮处理对木荷幼苗叶片的色素、抗氧化系统、激素含量的交互作用不显著,而施氮能显著提高光合色素含量,并显著提高IAA含量,降低ZR含量,且高氮处理下CO₂摩尔分数达到1000 μmol∙mol^-1时木荷幼苗生物量显著提高。

关键词: 木荷, CO₂浓度升高, 施氮, 光合色素, 内源激素

Abstract:

The interactive effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and increased N deposition on terrestrial ecosystems have become a hot topic in global change research. Before the industrial revolution, the CO₂concentration on the earth was about 280 μmol∙mol^-1, and it has already reached 416 μmol∙mol^-1. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report of the United Nations proposed that by 2100, the atmospheric CO₂ concentration will appear in four scenarios under different emission reduction measures: 430-480 μmol∙mol^-1, 580-720 μmol∙mol^-1, 720-1000 μmol∙mol^-1 and above 1000 μmol∙mol^-1. At the same time, N deposition is a global environmental problem, and China has become the third largest nitrogen deposition area. Studies showed that atmospheric nitrogen deposition is about 19 Tg∙N∙a^-1 on a global scale. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is predicted to increase rapidly in the coming decades. There are very few studies about the effects of higher CO₂ concentration (e.g. 1000 µmol∙mol^-1) integrated with N fertilization on woody plant. In this study, Schima superba seedlings with one year old were exposed to ambient air or elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) and N fertilization in open-top chambers (OTC). According to the fifth assessment report of IPCC, three eCO₂ concentration gradients of 1000, 750 and 550 μmol∙mol^-1, with ambient air as control (CK, about 400 μmol∙mol^-1), were set, and two N fertilization treatments (low N, 0 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 and high N, 10 g∙m^-2∙a^-1) were performed in each OTC. The effects of eCO₂, N fertilization and their interaction on the physiological and ecological characteristics of Schima superba seedlings were studied. The results showed that: (1) Except for the 1000 μmol∙mol^-1 CO₂treatment, the photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves of Schima superba was significantly increased by high nitrogen compared to that in the low nitrogen treatment(P<0.05). (2) ECO₂ and N fertilization had no significant effect on the total amount of MDA, but N fertilization inhibited the activity of SOD (P<0.001). (3) ECO₂ concentration improved the content of IAA (P=0.003), and N fertilization had an inhibitory effect on ZR and GA3 (P<0.001). (4) N fertilization and ECO₂ promoted the total biomass of plants. Under high nitrogen conditions, the CO₂ concentration of 1000 μmol∙mol^-1 increased the total biomass of the Schima superba seedlings by 52.79% (P=0.044) compared with the CK treatment. The biomass of the Schima superba was increased under high N compared with low N by 106.38% (P=0.003) in 1000 μmol∙mol^-1 CO₂ treatments. In conclusion, the interaction between elevated CO₂ concentration and N deposition on the pigment, antioxidant system and hormone content of leaves of Schima superba seedlings was not obvious. However, nitrogen application can significantly increase the content of photosynthetic pigmentsand IAA, and reduce the content of ZR. The high nitrogen treatment can significantly increase the biomass of Schima superba seedlings at the CO₂ concentration of 1000 μmol∙mol^-1.

Key words: Schima superba, increased CO₂ concentration, nitrogen fertilization, photosynthetic pigments, endogenous hormones

中图分类号:

S718.45
X173

冯永霞, 尚鹤, 曹吉鑫, 倪秀雅, 陈展. CO₂升高和施氮互作对木荷幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1773-1782.

FENG Yongxia, SHANG He, CAO Jixin, NI Xiuya, CHEN Zhan. Interactive Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Nitrogen Fertilization on Physiological Characteristics of Schima superba Seedings[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1773-1782.

图/表 4

图1 不同CO2和氮肥水平对木荷幼苗光合色素的影响平均值±标准误,n=6。图中柱子上的不同大写字母表示在同一N肥处理下,不同CO2浓度处理之间差异显著（P<0.05）;小写字母表示相同CO2浓度处理下,不同氮处理存在显著差异性（P<0.05）。图上部显示的是多因素方差分析的结果,CO2表示不同CO2浓度的影响,N表示不同施氮处理的影响,CO2*N表示CO2和N肥的交互作用;NS表示影响不显著。下同

Figure 1 Different effects of elevated CO2 and N fertilization on photosynthetic pigments in Schima superba seedlings Mean±SE, n=6. Different capital letters on the columns in the figure indicate that under the same N fertilizer treatment, there are significant differences between treatments with different CO2 concentrations (P<0.05); lowercase letters indicate that under the same CO2 concentration treatments, there are significant differences between different nitrogen treatments (P<0.05). The upper part of the figure shows the results of multi-factor ANOVA, CO2 represents the effect of different CO2 concentrations, N represents the effect of different nitrogen fertilization treatments, CO2*N represents the interaction between CO2 and N fertilizer; NS means that the effect is not significant. The same below

图2 不同CO2和氮肥水平对木荷幼苗丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响

Figure 2 Effects of different CO2 and N fertilization on the activities of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in Schima superba seedlings

图3 不同CO2和氮肥水平对木荷幼苗内源激素含量的影响

Figure 3 Effects of different CO2 and N fertilization on the content of endogenous hormones in Schima superba seedlings

表1 不同CO2和氮肥水平对木荷幼苗总生物量的影响

Table 1 Effects of elevated CO2 and N fertilizationon plant biomass g∙plant-1

CO₂处理/(µmol∙mol^-1)	低氮 Low nitrogen	高氮 High nitrogen
CK（400）	18.3±2.7	25.7±3.6B
550	16.0±2.6	26.6±2.8AB
750	16.8±1.4	36.3±6.5AB
1000	19.05±3.0b	39.3±1.3Aa
CO₂	NS
N	P<0.001
CO₂*N	NS

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CO₂升高和施氮互作对木荷幼苗生理特性的影响

Interactive Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Nitrogen Fertilization on Physiological Characteristics of Schima superba Seedings

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