坡耕地稻田剖面磷的储存格局与流失风险研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 283-291.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.008

坡耕地稻田剖面磷的储存格局与流失风险研究

樊慧琳(), 张佳敏, 李欢, 王艳玲^*()

南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2022-10-27 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-05-11
通讯作者: *王艳玲，教授，博士。E-mail: ylwang@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:樊慧琳（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤碳磷循环及其环境效应研究。E-mail: 973671953@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42077087)

Study on the Profile Storage Pattern and Loss Risk of Phosphorus in Sloping Paddy Red Soil

FAN Huilin(), ZHANG Jiamin, LI Huan, WANG Yanling^*()

School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China

Received:2022-10-27 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤磷储量及空间分布特征直接影响磷素的农业利用效率与生态环境安全，明确不同坡位稻田磷在各发生层及大小粒级团聚体内的储存格局及流失潜能，可为稻田土壤磷高效利用与流失风险管控提供科学依据。以江西鹰潭孙家典型红壤小流域内不同坡位的稻田剖面土壤为研究对象，分析了不同发生层土壤全磷储量（C_TPs）、速效磷储量（C_Bray-P）、磷储存容量储量（C_SPSC）及团聚体全磷储量（C_TPa）的变化差异，评估了不同坡位稻田剖面磷的流失风险及影响因素。结果表明：不同坡位稻田剖面C_TPs、C_Bray-P及C_TPa均随发生层深度的增加先降低后增加，坡下稻田剖面C_TPs及C_Bray-P均显著高于坡上及坡中剖面。各剖面中2-0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体的C_{TP2-0.25 mm}及贡献率（R_C）均显著高于其他粒级（22.8-1120.9 kg·hm^-2，4.97%-67.8%）。不同坡位稻田水耕表层（Ap1）的C_SPSC为-209.5- -650.9 kg·hm^-2，均存在磷流失风险；且随发生层深度的加深逐渐增加至418.5-1001.0 kg·hm^-2，不存在磷流失风险；坡上稻田各发生层C_SPSC的均值为390.9 kg·hm^-2，显著高于坡中（145.6 kg·hm^-2）及坡下（192.6 kg·hm^-2）稻田各发生层的均值。通径分析表明，土壤有机碳对坡耕地稻田各发生层C_SPSC起最直接的负向作用（直接通径系数为-0.903），而土层厚度、pH、游离铁氧化物与非晶质铁氧化物则起显著且直接的正向作用。

关键词: 坡耕地, 水稳定性团聚体, 土壤磷储存容量, 流失风险, 发生层

Abstract:

The storage and spatial distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus directly affect the agricultural utilization efficiency and ecological environmental security of phosphorus. Clarifying the storage pattern and the potential of loss potential of phosphorus in various aggregates and pedogenic horizons of red soil paddy at different slope positions can provide scientific basis for the efficient utilization and the loss risk control of soil phosphorus in paddy fields. The soil profiles of paddy fields at different slope positions in the typical red soil watershed of Yingtan and Sunjia in Jiangxi Province were studied; the variation differences of total P (C_TPs), rapidly available P (C_Bray-P), soil P storage capacity (C_SPSC) and aggregate P (C_TPa) storage in different pedogenic horizons were analyzed; the loss risk and influencing factors of phosphorus loss in red soil profiles of paddy fields with different slope positions were evaluated. The results showed that the C_TPs, C_Bray-P and C_TPa in red soil profiles of paddy fields at different slope positions all decreased first and then increased with the increase of the depth of the horizons. The C_TPs and C_Bray-P of the bottom slope paddy field profile were significantly higher than those of the top and the middle slope. The C_{TP2-0.25 mm} and R_C of the 2-0.25 mm water-stable aggregates were significantly higher than the other grains (22.8-1120.9 kg·hm^-2, 4.97%-67.8%). The C_SPSC of surface horizon (Ap1) of paddy fields in different slope positions was -209.5- -650.9 kg·hm^-2, all of which possessed the risk of phosphorus loss, and increased to 418.5-1001.0 kg·hm^-2 with the increase of the depth of horizon without the risk of phosphorus loss. The average of C_SPSC in the top slope paddy field was 390.9 kg·hm^-2, which was significantly higher than that in the middle (145.6 kg·hm^-2) and bottom slope paddy fields (192.6 kg·hm^-2). The path analysis showed that soil organic carbon had the most direct negative effect (direct path coefficient was -0.903) on the C_SPSC in the paddy fields, while soil thickness, pH, free Fe oxide and amorphous Fe oxide had significant and direct positive effects.

Key words: red soil sloping farmland, water stable aggregate, soil phosphorus storage capacity, loss risk, horizons

中图分类号:

S158.5
X825

樊慧琳, 张佳敏, 李欢, 王艳玲. 坡耕地稻田剖面磷的储存格局与流失风险研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(2): 283-291.

FAN Huilin, ZHANG Jiamin, LI Huan, WANG Yanling. Study on the Profile Storage Pattern and Loss Risk of Phosphorus in Sloping Paddy Red Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 283-291.

图/表 8

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坡位	种植年限/a	剖面代码	深度/cm	发生层	描述
坡上	50-60	MP-T	0-20	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			20-25	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			25-32	淀积层1 (Bw1)	弱块状
			32-46	淀积层2 (Bw2)	块状
			46-62	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			62-90	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			90-110	母质层 (Cr)	无结构
坡中	50-60	MP-M	0-18	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			18-23	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			23-38	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			38-50	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			50-60	潜育层3 (Br3)	块状
			60-85	混合层 (BC)	弱块状
			85-110	母质层 (C)	无结构
坡下	50-60	MP-B	0-18	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			18-23	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			23-40	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			40-58	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			58-63	淀积层 (Bw)	弱块状
			63-80	混合层 (BC)	无结构
			80-100	母质层1 (Cr1)	无结构
			100-110	母质层1 (Cr2)	无结构

坡位	种植年限/a	剖面代码	深度/cm	发生层	描述
坡上	50-60	MP-T	0-20	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			20-25	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			25-32	淀积层1 (Bw1)	弱块状
			32-46	淀积层2 (Bw2)	块状
			46-62	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			62-90	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			90-110	母质层 (Cr)	无结构
坡中	50-60	MP-M	0-18	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			18-23	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			23-38	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			38-50	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			50-60	潜育层3 (Br3)	块状
			60-85	混合层 (BC)	弱块状
			85-110	母质层 (C)	无结构
坡下	50-60	MP-B	0-18	水耕表层 (Ap1)	团粒
			18-23	犁底层 (Ap2)	块状
			23-40	潜育层1 (Br1)	块状
			40-58	潜育层2 (Br2)	块状
			58-63	淀积层 (Bw)	弱块状
			63-80	混合层 (BC)	无结构
			80-100	母质层1 (Cr1)	无结构
			100-110	母质层1 (Cr2)	无结构

剖面代码	发生层	w_B/ (g·cm^-3)	pH_KCl	w_(SOC)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(TP)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Bray-P)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(Alo)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Feo)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Fed)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Ald)/ (g·kg^-1)
MP-T	Ap1	0.76d	3.97d	30.3a	0.78a	25.5a	4.64b	4.63c	24.4f	10.3d
	Ap2	1.66a	4.20a	4.39d	0.16e	3.41f	2.31g	1.86f	37.9d	8.90e
	Bw1	1.65a	4.23a	3.85e	0.18e	2.37f	2.50f	2.75e	36.0e	8.87e
	Bw2	1.33b	4.20a	4.57d	0.24d	2.18e	3.61d	4.60c	40.7c	11.9c
	Br1	1.14c	4.02c	5.38c	0.27d	3.46d	3.42e	3.85d	38.7d	11.6c
	Br2	1.30b	4.13b	6.01b	0.36c	2.92b	4.09c	5.69b	50.1b	15.0b
	Cr	1.20bc	3.81e	6.04b	0.57b	3.52c	7.71a	8.38a	63.5a	19.2a
MP-M	Ap1	0.82d	4.03c	28.1a	0.71a	20.4a	4.51b	2.96e	22.8f	10.1e
	Ap2	1.54a	4.14b	13.5b	0.53c	10.2c	4.14c	3.03d	33.5d	10.9d
	Br1	1.52a	4.19a	6.60d	0.33e	3.32cd	3.67d	3.51c	41.8c	12.4c
	Br2	1.37b	4.03c	7.20c	0.41d	4.12d	2.91e	2.78f	28.4e	8.18f
	Br3	1.25c	4.21a	6.40d	0.29f	2.30f	2.86e	2.51g	34.4d	9.77e
	BC	1.17c	4.21a	5.97e	0.65b	2.35e	4.42b	3.76b	55.0b	16.8b
	C	1.27bc	4.06c	5.44f	0.68ab	3.43b	7.36a	7.37a	58.2a	18.9a
MP-B	Ap1	0.88e	3.91f	32.9a	0.84a	26.6a	4.42d	3.68e	18.1g	7.68f
	Ap2	1.32b	3.92ef	14.3b	0.64bc	20.3b	3.94e	3.56f	31.1f	9.56e
	Br1	1.32b	3.94e	7.69c	0.41e	3.48c	3.61f	3.47g	49.4d	11.7d
	Br2	1.43a	4.08d	5.89e	0.22f	2.44d	3.32g	4.26d	39.1e	10.1e
	Bw	1.23bc	4.50a	6.71d	0.41e	1.83g	4.46d	3.42g	52.7c	17.5c
	BC	1.13cd	4.39b	4.25f	0.69b	1.97e	7.89a	5.14b	60.7a	22.5a
	Cr1	1.13c	4.14c	5.44e	0.62d	1.75e	6.40c	4.53c	58.0b	20.3b
	Cr2	1.17cd	4.10d	4.66f	0.56	2.40f	7.68b	5.98a	60.4a	21.0b

剖面代码	发生层	w_B/ (g·cm^-3)	pH_KCl	w_(SOC)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(TP)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Bray-P)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(Alo)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Feo)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Fed)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(Ald)/ (g·kg^-1)
MP-T	Ap1	0.76d	3.97d	30.3a	0.78a	25.5a	4.64b	4.63c	24.4f	10.3d
	Ap2	1.66a	4.20a	4.39d	0.16e	3.41f	2.31g	1.86f	37.9d	8.90e
	Bw1	1.65a	4.23a	3.85e	0.18e	2.37f	2.50f	2.75e	36.0e	8.87e
	Bw2	1.33b	4.20a	4.57d	0.24d	2.18e	3.61d	4.60c	40.7c	11.9c
	Br1	1.14c	4.02c	5.38c	0.27d	3.46d	3.42e	3.85d	38.7d	11.6c
	Br2	1.30b	4.13b	6.01b	0.36c	2.92b	4.09c	5.69b	50.1b	15.0b
	Cr	1.20bc	3.81e	6.04b	0.57b	3.52c	7.71a	8.38a	63.5a	19.2a
MP-M	Ap1	0.82d	4.03c	28.1a	0.71a	20.4a	4.51b	2.96e	22.8f	10.1e
	Ap2	1.54a	4.14b	13.5b	0.53c	10.2c	4.14c	3.03d	33.5d	10.9d
	Br1	1.52a	4.19a	6.60d	0.33e	3.32cd	3.67d	3.51c	41.8c	12.4c
	Br2	1.37b	4.03c	7.20c	0.41d	4.12d	2.91e	2.78f	28.4e	8.18f
	Br3	1.25c	4.21a	6.40d	0.29f	2.30f	2.86e	2.51g	34.4d	9.77e
	BC	1.17c	4.21a	5.97e	0.65b	2.35e	4.42b	3.76b	55.0b	16.8b
	C	1.27bc	4.06c	5.44f	0.68ab	3.43b	7.36a	7.37a	58.2a	18.9a
MP-B	Ap1	0.88e	3.91f	32.9a	0.84a	26.6a	4.42d	3.68e	18.1g	7.68f
	Ap2	1.32b	3.92ef	14.3b	0.64bc	20.3b	3.94e	3.56f	31.1f	9.56e
	Br1	1.32b	3.94e	7.69c	0.41e	3.48c	3.61f	3.47g	49.4d	11.7d
	Br2	1.43a	4.08d	5.89e	0.22f	2.44d	3.32g	4.26d	39.1e	10.1e
	Bw	1.23bc	4.50a	6.71d	0.41e	1.83g	4.46d	3.42g	52.7c	17.5c
	BC	1.13cd	4.39b	4.25f	0.69b	1.97e	7.89a	5.14b	60.7a	22.5a
	Cr1	1.13c	4.14c	5.44e	0.62d	1.75e	6.40c	4.53c	58.0b	20.3b
	Cr2	1.17cd	4.10d	4.66f	0.56	2.40f	7.68b	5.98a	60.4a	21.0b

剖面	发生层	E_r				R_C/%
剖面	发生层	10-5 mm	5-2 mm	2-0.25 mm	<0.25 mm	10-5 mm	5-2 mm	2-0.25 mm	<0.25 mm
MP-T	Ap1	1.07A	1.02Ae	1.11Abc	0.79Bc	76.3A	5.94Cb	11.8Be	5.92Ce
	Ap2	1.39B	1.82Ab	1.37Ba	1.10Ca	5.98C	1.65Dcd	33.9Bc	58.5Ac
	Bw1	—	1.47Ac	1.02Bcd	1.09Ba	—	1.83Ccd	29.1Bd	69.1Aa
	Bw2	—	1.29Ad	1.14Bb	1.05Ca	—	0.74Cd	41.1Bb	57.9Ac
	Br1	—	—	1.12b	0.92b	—	—	34.0c	66.0ab
	Br2	—	2.28Aa	0.98Bd	0.79Cc	—	3.33Cc	41.1Bb	55.9Ac
	Cr	—	1.00Ae	0.86Be	0.90Bb	—	16.6Ba	67.8Aa	15.7Bd
MP-M	Ap1	0.98Bc	1.08Ac	0.93Bb	0.69Cb	73.0Aa	10.1Bb	10.4Bd	6.57Cd
	Ap2	0.91Bcd	0.96ABd	1.01Aa	0.73Cab	73.7Aa	6.80Cc	13.5Bd	5.97Cd
	Br1	0.76ABe	0.79Ae	0.73BCd	0.70Cb	7.93Cc	3.62Dd	54.1Ab	34.4Bb
	Br2	0.85ABd	0.88Ade	0.80Bc	0.60Cc	3.73Cd	1.18De	38.1Bc	57.0Aa
	Br3	1.31Ba	1.77Aa	0.91Cb	0.60Dc	0.82Dd	2.03Ce	37.5Bc	59.7Aa
	BC	1.14Bb	1.40Ab	0.88Cb	0.77Ca	1.06Dd	8.16Cc	61.6Aa	29.2Bb
	C	1.20Ab	1.15Ac	0.99Ba	0.79Ca	13.5Cb	23.1Ba	51.0Ab	12.4Cc
MP-B	Ap1	0.95Bd	1.08Ad	0.97Bde	0.62Ce	77.5Ab	11.4Bbc	8.52Ce	2.53De
	Ap2	1.11Acd	1.03ABd	0.96Bde	0.79Ccd	87.8Aa	5.01Be	4.97Bf	2.21Ce
	Br1	1.18Bc	1.13Bd	1.47Aa	0.70Cde	19.1Bc	5.57Ce	57.0Aa	18.4Bd
	Br2	—	1.94Aa	1.09Bc	1.09Ba	—	5.16Ce	34.5Bd	60.4Aa
	Bw	1.85Aa	1.66Bb	1.05Ccd	0.89Cb	4.10Dde	8.08Ccd	52.1Ab	35.7Bb
	BC	1.24Bbc	1.32Ac	0.89Ce	0.74Dd	6.39Dd	13.1Cb	50.7Ac	29.8Bc
	Cr1	1.44Ab	1.37Ac	0.96Bde	0.77Ccd	2.35De	7.54Cd	62.0Aa	28.2Bc
	Cr2	1.76Aa	1.72Ab	1.24Bb	0.85Bbc	21.4Bc	21.5Ba	42.7Ac	14.5Cd

坡耕地稻田剖面磷的储存格局与流失风险研究

Study on the Profile Storage Pattern and Loss Risk of Phosphorus in Sloping Paddy Red Soil

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剖面	发生层	C_Bray-P/(kg·hm^-2)	R_PAC/%
MP-T	Ap1	38.7±0.32a	3.28±0.14a
	Ap2	2.83±0.11f	2.16±0.05b
	Bw1	2.74±0.07f	1.30±0.08c
	Bw2	4.06±0.11e	0.89±0.03d
	Br1	6.31±0.17d	1.28±0.04c
	Br2	10.6±0.30b	0.81±0.03d
	Cr	8.44±0.15c	0.61±0.03e
MP-M	Ap1	30.2±1.18a	2.87±0.21a
	Ap2	7.88±0.20c	1.94±0.06b
	Br1	7.57±0.13cd	1.01±0.02c
	Br2	6.78±0.17d	1.02±0.03c
	Br3	2.88±0.06f	0.80±0.03d
	BC	4.12±0.15e	0.36±0.01e
	C	10.9±0.31b	0.50±0.02e
MP-B	Ap1	42.1±0.20a	3.17±0.12a
	Ap2	13.4±0.25b	3.19±0.10a
	Br1	7.80±0.11c	0.84±0.01c
	Br2	6.29±0.16d	1.12±0.07b
	Bw	1.13±0.01g	0.45±0.02d
	BC	3.79±0.10e	0.29±0.01e
	Cr1	3.96±0.13e	0.28±0.01e
	Cr2	2.81±0.12f	0.43±0.04d

X_i→X_j	X₂	X₃	X₅	X₇	X₈	X₁₁	X₁₃	r_iy	R²
X_i→Y
X₂	0.487**	-0.066	0.029	0.279	-0.126	-0.031	-0.079	0.493^**	0.980
X₃	-0.166	0.195**	0.035	-0.130	0.394	-0.105	-0.080	0.143
X₅	0.118	0.056	0.122**	0.287	0.628	-0.150	-0.251	0.808^**
X₇	0.303	-0.057	0.078	0.448**	0.143	-0.043	-0.146	0.726^**
X₈	0.068	-0.085	-0.085	-0.071	-0.903**	0.205	0.196	-0.676^**
X₁₁	-0.064	-0.086	-0.076	-0.082	-0.773	0.239**	0.221	-0.622^**
X₁₃	0.136	-0.080	0.108	0.230	0.622	-0.185	-0.285**	0.680^**