近岸多源环境因素影响下珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性评价研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2360-2369.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.011

近岸多源环境因素影响下珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性评价研究

梁姗姗¹^,²(), 王建佳¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 黄锦树⁶, 陈彬¹^,³^,⁵, 刘文华², 郑新庆¹^,³^,⁴, 胡文佳¹^,³^,⁵^,^*()

1.自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门 361005
2.汕头大学理学院,广东汕头 515063
3.海峡西岸海岛海岸带生态系统野外科学观测研究站,福建厦门 361005
4.漳州海岛海岸带野外科学观测研究站,福建厦门 361005
5.福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室,福建厦门 361005
6.福建省东山珊瑚自然保护区服务中心,福建漳州 363400

收稿日期:2021-07-22 出版日期:2021-12-18 发布日期:2022-01-04
通讯作者: *胡文佳,副研究员。E-mail: huwenjia@tio.org.cn
作者简介:梁姗姗（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为海洋生态系统评价。E-mail: liangss633@163.com
基金资助:
自然资源部全球变化与海气专项(GASI-04-HYST-04);自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费项目(海三科2019017);国家自然科学基金项目(41976127);国家自然科学基金项目(41906127);国家自然科学基金项目(42076163);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J05078);中东盟海上合作基金项目“全球变化背景下南中国海近海生态系统监测与保护管理示范”

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Coral Community under the Impact of Multiple Environmental Factors

LIANG Shanshan¹^,²(), WANG Jianjia¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, HUANG Jinshu⁶, CHEN Bin¹^,³^,⁵, LIU Wenhua², ZHENG Xinqing¹^,³^,⁴, HU Wenjia¹^,³^,⁵^,^*()

1. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
2. Shantou University College of Science, Shantou 515063, China
3. Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, Xiamen 361005, China
4. Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Costal Zone in Zhangzhou, Xiamen 361005, China
5. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China
6. Dongshan Coral Nature Reserve Service Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363400, China

Received:2021-07-22 Online:2021-12-18 Published:2022-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚礁作为典型脆弱生态系统,易受到环境条件和人类活动等多源因素的影响。以中国造礁石珊瑚集中分布的最北界——福建东山为研究区域,在空间分析技术的支持下将自然-社会-经济因素融入珊瑚礁脆弱性评价指标体系,基于ESA（Exposure-Sensitivity-Adaptive capacity）模型建立近岸多源环境因素影响下珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性评价方法,评估珊瑚群落生态脆弱性的等级和空间分布,探索环境因素与珊瑚群落状态之间的定量关系,为珊瑚群落生态保护和管理提供科学依据。结果表明,东山研究区珊瑚群落的生态敏感性整体评价值偏高,大多数站位评价值大于0.6,东山湾口、东门屿和澳角周边的珊瑚群落生态敏感性最高。综合而言,生态脆弱性较高的站位基本位于东山湾口、东门屿一带,站位的生态脆弱性综合评价结果均大于0.8,属于中度和高度脆弱站位。生态脆弱性较低的站位位于马銮湾-金銮湾内,站位生态脆弱性综合评价结果均小于0.3,表明该区域珊瑚群落状态较好。相关性分析和冗余分析结果显示,影响当地珊瑚群落状态的主要驱动因子是活性磷酸盐浓度、浊度和距海水养殖区距离。根据评价结果,保护区管控、海水养殖区划调整和水质改善等措施可能对降低东山珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性具有显著的积极意义,可从以上方面开展基于生态系统的管理,有利于消减外源驱动因子,维持珊瑚群落的生态系统功能与服务。

关键词: 生态系统脆弱性, 珊瑚礁, 生态系统管理, ESA模型, 生态系统评价, RDA分析

Abstract:

Coral reef, as a typical vulnerable ecosystem, is easily affected by multiple factors such as environmental conditions and human activities. The northernmost boundary of scleractinian coral in Dongshan, China, was taken as the study area. With the support of spatial analysis technology, the natural, social and economic factors were integrated into the index system of coral reef vulnerability assessment, and an assessment method of coral ecological vulnerability under the impact of nearshore multiple environmental factors was established based on ESA (Exposure-Sensitivity-Adaptive capacity) model. It can assess the level and spatial distribution of coral ecological vulnerability, explore the quantitative relationship between environmental factors and coral status, and provide a scientific basis for the ecological protection and management of coral. The results showed the overall assessment values of coral sensitivity in Dongshan study area were relatively high. Most stations’ sensitivity assessment values were more than 0.6 and the sites around the mouth of Dongshan Bay, Dongmenyu and Aojiao had the higher ecological sensitivity value. Generally, the sites with high ecological vulnerability values which were more than 0.8 were located in the mouth of Dongshan Bay and Dongmenyu, belonging to moderate and high ecological vulnerability sites. While the sites with low vulnerability value which were less than 0.3 were located inside Maluan Bay- Jinluan Bay, indicating that the status of coral in this area was healthy. The correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that the main pressure factors affecting the status of local coral community were active phosphate concentration, turbidity and the distance from mariculture. The study found that the management and control of protected areas, the adjustment of mariculture zones and the improvement of water quality may have a remarkable positive significance in reducing the ecological vulnerability of coral community in Dongshan. The ecosystem-based management can be carried out from the above aspects, which is conducive to reducing the impact of external driving factors and maintaining the functions and services of the coral ecosystem.

Key words: ecosystem vulnerability, coral reef, ecosystem management, ESA model, ecosystem assessment, RDA analysis

中图分类号:

X826

梁姗姗, 王建佳, 黄锦树, 陈彬, 刘文华, 郑新庆, 胡文佳. 近岸多源环境因素影响下珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12): 2360-2369.

LIANG Shanshan, WANG Jianjia, HUANG Jinshu, CHEN Bin, LIU Wenhua, ZHENG Xinqing, HU Wenjia. Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Coral Community under the Impact of Multiple Environmental Factors[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(12): 2360-2369.

图/表 10

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准则层 Criterion level	要素层 Factor level	指标层 Indicator level	权重 Weight
暴露性A1	海水质量B1	溶解氧浓度 C1-	0.09
		浊度 C2+	0.13
		叶绿素a浓度 C3+	0.10
		活性磷酸盐浓度 C4+	0.10
		无机氮浓度 C5+	0.11
	人类活动B2	港口航运 C6+	0.11
		海水养殖 C7+	0.14
		沿海人口 C8+	0.12
		沿海经济 C9+	0.10
敏感性A2	生物多样性B3	珊瑚种类数 C10-	0.33
	生物多样性B3	底栖生物丰度 C11-	0.29
	群落状态B4	珊瑚盖度 C12-	0.38
适应性A3	法规约束B5	法律法规 C13-	0.25
	法规约束B5	保护执法 C14-	0.25
	管理行动B6	生态修复 C15-	0.25
	管理行动B6	宣传教育 C16-	0.25

准则层 Criterion level	要素层 Factor level	指标层 Indicator level	权重 Weight
暴露性A1	海水质量B1	溶解氧浓度 C1-	0.09
		浊度 C2+	0.13
		叶绿素a浓度 C3+	0.10
		活性磷酸盐浓度 C4+	0.10
		无机氮浓度 C5+	0.11
	人类活动B2	港口航运 C6+	0.11
		海水养殖 C7+	0.14
		沿海人口 C8+	0.12
		沿海经济 C9+	0.10
敏感性A2	生物多样性B3	珊瑚种类数 C10-	0.33
	生物多样性B3	底栖生物丰度 C11-	0.29
	群落状态B4	珊瑚盖度 C12-	0.38
适应性A3	法规约束B5	法律法规 C13-	0.25
	法规约束B5	保护执法 C14-	0.25
	管理行动B6	生态修复 C15-	0.25
	管理行动B6	宣传教育 C16-	0.25

站点 Sites	溶解氧 Do	活性磷酸盐 PO₄^3-	无机氮 DIN	浊度 Turbidity	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	港口航运 Port shipping	海水养殖 Mariculture	沿海人口 Coastal population	沿海经济 Coastal economy	暴露性指数 Exposure index
D1	0.17	0.10	0.15	0.39	0.07	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.11
D2	0.16	0.11	0.22	0.46	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.13
D3	0.04	0.23	0.35	0.54	0.37	0.35	1.00	0.60	0.62	0.36
D4	0.00	0.17	0.33	0.24	0.44	0.24	1.00	0.68	0.71	0.30
D5	0.06	0.24	0.29	0.39	0.37	0.15	0.08	0.79	0.81	0.18
D6	0.00	0.25	0.44	0.56	1.00	0.08	0.28	0.73	0.76	0.30
D7	0.07	0.12	0.11	0.31	0.00	0.07	0.03	0.43	0.45	0.08
D8	0.00	0.18	0.30	0.32	0.40	0.14	1.00	0.66	0.68	0.29
D9	0.00	0.14	0.27	0.09	0.64	0.04	0.04	0.87	0.89	0.14
D10	0.00	0.14	0.24	0.16	0.49	0.03	0.03	0.87	0.89	0.13
D11	0.00	0.10	0.21	0.02	0.41	0.02	0.02	0.97	0.98	0.09
D12	0.00	0.10	0.22	0.02	0.32	0.02	0.02	0.99	0.99	0.09
D13	0.00	0.10	0.18	0.01	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.98	0.98	0.06
D14	0.00	0.09	0.20	0.00	0.36	0.02	0.02	1.00	1.00	0.08
D15	0.00	0.11	0.13	0.14	0.22	0.02	0.03	0.52	0.49	0.07
D16	0.17	0.11	0.15	0.19	0.14	0.01	0.03	0.42	0.38	0.09
D17	0.00	0.11	0.16	1.00	0.45	0.01	0.06	0.35	0.30	0.21

站点 Sites	溶解氧 Do	活性磷酸盐 PO₄^3-	无机氮 DIN	浊度 Turbidity	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	港口航运 Port shipping	海水养殖 Mariculture	沿海人口 Coastal population	沿海经济 Coastal economy	暴露性指数 Exposure index
D1	0.17	0.10	0.15	0.39	0.07	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.11
D2	0.16	0.11	0.22	0.46	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.13
D3	0.04	0.23	0.35	0.54	0.37	0.35	1.00	0.60	0.62	0.36
D4	0.00	0.17	0.33	0.24	0.44	0.24	1.00	0.68	0.71	0.30
D5	0.06	0.24	0.29	0.39	0.37	0.15	0.08	0.79	0.81	0.18
D6	0.00	0.25	0.44	0.56	1.00	0.08	0.28	0.73	0.76	0.30
D7	0.07	0.12	0.11	0.31	0.00	0.07	0.03	0.43	0.45	0.08
D8	0.00	0.18	0.30	0.32	0.40	0.14	1.00	0.66	0.68	0.29
D9	0.00	0.14	0.27	0.09	0.64	0.04	0.04	0.87	0.89	0.14
D10	0.00	0.14	0.24	0.16	0.49	0.03	0.03	0.87	0.89	0.13
D11	0.00	0.10	0.21	0.02	0.41	0.02	0.02	0.97	0.98	0.09
D12	0.00	0.10	0.22	0.02	0.32	0.02	0.02	0.99	0.99	0.09
D13	0.00	0.10	0.18	0.01	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.98	0.98	0.06
D14	0.00	0.09	0.20	0.00	0.36	0.02	0.02	1.00	1.00	0.08
D15	0.00	0.11	0.13	0.14	0.22	0.02	0.03	0.52	0.49	0.07
D16	0.17	0.11	0.15	0.19	0.14	0.01	0.03	0.42	0.38	0.09
D17	0.00	0.11	0.16	1.00	0.45	0.01	0.06	0.35	0.30	0.21

站点 Sites	珊瑚种类数 Coral species number	底栖生物丰度 Benthos species abundance	珊瑚盖度 Coral coverage	敏感性指数 Sensitivity index
D1	0.33	0.85	0.64	0.60
D2	0.33	0.99	0.73	0.67
D3	0.33	0.95	0.94	0.74
D4	0.33	0.74	0.83	0.64
D5	0.67	1.00	0.89	0.85
D6	1.00	0.99	1.00	1.00
D7	0.67	0.77	0.46	0.62
D8	1.00	0.80	1.00	0.94
D9	0.33	0.82	0.67	0.60
D10	0.67	0.70	0.90	0.76
D11	0.00	0.92	0.00	0.27
D12	0.33	0.15	0.67	0.41
D13	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.07
D14	0.00	0.79	0.64	0.47
D15	1.00	0.35	0.91	0.78
D16	1.00	0.64	0.95	0.88
D17	0.33	0.96	0.84	0.71

近岸多源环境因素影响下珊瑚群落的生态脆弱性评价研究

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Coral Community under the Impact of Multiple Environmental Factors

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相关系数 Correlation coefficient	溶解氧 DO	活性磷酸盐 PO₄^3-	无机氮 DIN	浊度 Turbidity	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	港口航运 Port shipping	海水养殖 Mariculture	沿海人口 Coastal population	沿海经济 Coastal economy
珊瑚盖度	0.158	-0.671**	-0.465	-0.497*	-0.344	-0.240	-0.654**	0.270	0.283
珊瑚种类数	0.301	-0.592*	-0.073	-0.392	-0.050	-0.182	-0.416	0.393	0.406
底栖生物丰度	0.453	-0.489*	-0.392	-0.713**	-0.292	-0.382	-0.568*	0.306	0.294

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