啮齿动物对旺业甸森林不同林木种子扩散格局的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1118-1123.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.006

啮齿动物对旺业甸森林不同林木种子扩散格局的影响

查木哈¹(), 乌云嘎², 吴琴³, 马成功⁴, 白国栋⁵, 邰峰⁵, 张楠⁵

1.赤峰学院,内蒙古赤峰 024000
2.阿拉善左旗草原工作站,内蒙古巴彦浩特 750300
3.赤峰市防汛抗旱调度中心,内蒙古赤峰 024000
4.内蒙古赤峰市喀喇沁旗旺业甸实验林场,内蒙古赤峰 024423
5.赤峰市森林草原保护发展中心,内蒙古赤峰 024000

收稿日期:2022-03-10 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
作者简介:查木哈（1985年生）,女,讲师,博士,研究方向为生态学。E-mail: chamuha4768@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020BS02001);赤峰学院科研启动经费项目(QDJRCYJ015);赤峰市生态环境监测与保护院士专家工作站项目(CYZY201905)

Effects of Rodents on Seed Dispersal Patterns of Different Trees in Wangyedian Forest

CHA Muha¹(), WU Yunga², WU Qin³, MA Chenggong⁴, BAI Guodong⁵, TAI Feng⁵, ZHANG Nan⁵

1. Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, P. R. China
2. Alashan Left Banner Grassland Workstation, Bayanhot 750300, P. R. China
3. Chifeng Flood Control and Drought Relief Dispatching Center, Chifeng 024000, P. R. China
4. Wangyedian Experimental Forest Farm of Kalaqin Banner, Chifeng 024423, P. R. China
5. Chifeng Forest and Grassland Protection and Development Center, Chifeng 024000, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-10 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子特征影响啮齿动物对种子的选择及贮藏策略。采用塑料标签标记法在旺业甸实验林场羊草沟调查了啮齿动物对同域分布的3种森林树木种子,红松（Pinus koraiensis）、蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）、平榛（Corylus heterophylla）种子的扩散。结果表明,（1）啮齿动物对3种林木种子的存留曲线存在极显著差异（Wald=12.880,df=2,P<0.01）。蒙古栎种子在种子释放10 d后全部被取食和扩散,平榛种子试验结束时原地剩余3.5%。（2）3种种子原地取食率存在显著差异（F=4.039,P<0.05）。红松种子原地取食率为65.5%,高于其余2种种子;红松种子移动后取食率为14%,高于其余2种种子,但3种种子移动后取食率无显著差异（F=3.293,P>0.05）;平榛种子移动后贮藏率为56%,高于其余2种种子,3种种子移动后贮藏率具有显著差异（F=4.954,P<0.05）。（3）啮齿动物移动后贮藏3种植物种子的平均距离有所差异。平榛种子移动后贮藏的平均距离最大,为12.78 m;蒙古栎种子移动后贮藏的平均距离最小,为2.92 m;红松种子移动后贮藏平均距离为5.82 m,平榛种子被移动后贮藏的平均距离显著高于其他两种种子（F=28.104,P<0.01）,红松与蒙古栎种子被移动后贮藏距离差异不显著（P>0.05）。红松种子被移动后取食的平均距离最大,为4.07 m;蒙古栎种子移动后取食的平均距离最小,为2.83 m;榛子移动后取食平均距离为3.24 m。3种林木种子两两间均无显著差异（F=0.815,P>0.05）。试验表明,啮齿动物倾向于原地取食小种子,将更多的大种子进行贮藏,贮藏的距离更远。啮齿动物平衡能量消耗与获益,中等大小的种子被取食和扩散的速度更快,中等大小的种子取食和扩散适合度更高。

关键词: 啮齿动物, 分散贮食, 贮藏策略, 种子特征, 扩散格局, 旺业甸

Abstract:

Seed characteristics affect the seed selection and storage strategies of rodents. In this study, the rodents on dispersal three sympatrically distributed forest trees seeds were investigated including Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica and Corylus heterophylla, in Yangcaogou Forest Farm of Wangyedian. The results showed that (1) there was a significant difference in the dispersal rate by rodents for the seeds of the three forest trees (Wald=12.880, df=2, P<0.01). The seeds of mongolica were all eaten and dispersed after 10 days of seed release, and 3.5% of the heterophylla seed were remained in situ at the end of the test. (2) There was significant difference in in-situ eating rate of three kinds of seeds (F=4.039, P<0.05). In-situ eating rate of koraiensis seeds were 65.5%, which was higher than that of the other two kinds of seeds. The eating rate of after moving koraiensis seeds was 14%, which was higher than that of the other two kinds of seeds, but there was no significant difference among the three kinds of seeds (F=3.293, P>0.05). The after moving storage rate of heterophylla seeds by rodents was 56%, which was higher than that of the other two kinds of seeds. There was significant difference among the three kinds of seeds cached by rodents after moving (F=4.954, P<0.05). (3) The average distances of the three plant seeds cached by rodents after moving were different. The average distance of heterophylla seeds cached after moving was the farthest (i.e., 12.78 m), and the average distance of mongolica seeds cached after moving was the shortest (i.e., 2.92 m), and the average distance of Korean pine seeds stored after moving was 5.82 m. The average distance of hazelnut seeds stored after moving was significantly higher than the other two seeds (F=28.104, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in distance between koraiensis and mongolica cached seeds after being moved (P>0.05); The average distance of koraiensis eating seeds after moving was the farthest, which was 4.07 m, the average distance of mongolica seeds after moving was the smallest, which was 2.83 m, and the average distance of heterophylla after moving was 3.24 m. There was no significant difference between the three forest seeds (F=0.815, P>0.05). The experiment showed that rodents tended to eat small seeds in situ and cached more large seeds in farther distances. The results indicated rodents might balance energy consumption and benefits. The medium-sized seeds were eaten and dispersed faster, and medium-sized seeds were more suitable for eating and dispersing.

Key words: rodent, scatter hoarding, storage strategy, seed characteristics, disperse pattern, Wangyedian

中图分类号:

查木哈, 乌云嘎, 吴琴, 马成功, 白国栋, 邰峰, 张楠. 啮齿动物对旺业甸森林不同林木种子扩散格局的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1118-1123.

CHA Muha, WU Yunga, WU Qin, MA Chenggong, BAI Guodong, TAI Feng, ZHANG Nan. Effects of Rodents on Seed Dispersal Patterns of Different Trees in Wangyedian Forest[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1118-1123.

图/表 8

表1 3种林木种子特征

Table 1 Seed characteristics of three forest trees

种子特 Seed traits	红松 Pinus koraiensis	蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	平榛 Corylus heterophylla
直径 Diameter/mm	6.34±0.032c	9.19±0.026b	9.76±0.028a
长度 Length/mm	16.26±0.034b	14.38±0.036c	19.45±0.031a
种皮厚度 Pericarp thickness/mm	0.12±0.018c	0.21±0.021b	0.24±0.022a
鲜质量 Fresh mass/g	0.57±0.079c	0.81±0.092b	1.42±0.114a

图1 3种林木种子原地留存动态

Figure 1 Dynamics of three kind of seeds that were remained in situ

图2 3种林木种子原地取食动态

Figure 2 Dynamics of three kind of seeds that were eaten in situ

图3 3种林木种子移动后取食动态

Figure 3 Dynamics of three kind of seeds that were eaten after removal

图4 3种林木种子移动后贮藏动态

Figure 4 Dynamics of three kind of seeds that were cached after removal

图5 3种林木种子移动后贮藏距离

Figure 5 Distance of three kind of seeds that were cached after removal

图6 3种林木种子移动后取食距离

Figure 6 Distance of three kind of seeds that were eaten after removal

表2 啮齿动物群落结构及捕获率

Table2 Species of rodents and trap success rate in the study area

种类 Species	捕获数 Trapped individuals	捕获率 Trap success/%
大林姬鼠 Apodemus eninsulae	11	3.67
花鼠 Tamias sibiricus	4	1.33
松鼠 Sciurus vulgaris	1	0.33

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啮齿动物对旺业甸森林不同林木种子扩散格局的影响

Effects of Rodents on Seed Dispersal Patterns of Different Trees in Wangyedian Forest

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