国内外农用地膜使用政策、执行标准与回收状况

靳拓, 薛颖昊, 张明明, 周涛, 刘宏金, 张凯, 习斌

Research Advances in Regulations, Standards and Recovery of Mulch Film

JIN Tuo, XUE Yinghao, ZHANG Mingming, ZHOU Tao, LIU Hongjin, ZHANG Kai, XI Bin

表3 在堆肥条件下评估塑料可降解性的国际和欧盟标准

Table 3 International and European standards for evaluating degradability of plastics under composting conditions

标准号 Standard number 机构 Institution 名称 Name 评估目标 Assessment objectives EN 13432 CEN Packaging-Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation-Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging Determine the compostability and anaerobic treatability of packaging and packaging materials EN 14995 CEN Plastics-Evaluation of compostability-Test scheme and specifications Determine the compostability or anaerobic treatability of plastic materials by addressing four characteristics: (1) Biodegradability, (2) Disintegration during biological treatment, (3) Effect on the biological treatment process and (4) effect on the quality of the resulting compost EN/ISO 20200 CEN/ISO Plastics-Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory-scale test Determine the degree of disintegration of plastic materials in a pilot-scale aerobic composting test under defined conditions EN 14045 CEN Packaging-Evaluation of the disintegration of packaging materials in practical oriented tests under defined composting conditions Measure the biodegradability of packaging materials that are mixed with biowaste and spontaneously composted for 12 weeks in practical oriented composting conditions EN 14046 CEN Packaging-Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of packaging materials under controlled composting conditions-Method by analysis of released carbon dioxide Evaluate the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of packaging materials based on organic compounds under controlled composting conditions by measurement of released carbon dioxide at the end of the test EN/ISO 14855-1 CEN/ISO Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions- Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide-Part 1: General method Determine the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastics, based on organic compounds, under controlled composting conditions by measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved and the degree of disintegration of the plastic at the end of the test. The test method is designed to yield the percentage conversion of the carbon in the test material to evolved carbon dioxide as well as the rate of conversion EN/ISO 14855-2 CEN/ISO Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions- Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide-Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test Determine the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aeration and temperature of the composting vessel EN 17033 CEN Plastics Biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture Requirements and test methods The latest standard to evaluate the biodegradability of biodegradable mulch films