生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1573-1581.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.009
陶双成1,*(), 黄山倩1, 高硕晗1, 熊新竹1, 郝艳召2, 邓顺熙3
收稿日期:
2021-10-15
出版日期:
2022-08-18
发布日期:
2022-10-10
通讯作者:
* 陶双成, E-mail: tsc504@126.com作者简介:
陶双成(1981年生),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事交通环境保护与污染防治研究。E-mail: tsc504@126.com
基金资助:
TAO Shuangcheng1,*(), HUAGN Shanqian1, GAO Shuohan1, XIONG Xinzhu1, HAO Yanzhao2, DENG Shunxi3
Received:
2021-10-15
Online:
2022-08-18
Published:
2022-10-10
摘要:
城市群机动车污染物排放对区域环境空气质量影响明显,定量研究典型策略下城市群机动车污染物排放总量控制成效是科学制定降碳减排措施的基本依据。结合关中城市群机动车保有量和运行状态等参数对MOVES模型进行本地化修正,模拟分析了提高油品质量、淘汰黄标车、使用替代燃料和车辆限行等4种控制策略下的污染物减排效果。结果显示,燃油标准从国Ⅲ提高到国Ⅳ后,主要污染物总量都有所削减,其中一氧化碳(CO)的削减量达7.45×104 t,占全部污染物总减排量的85%左右,其次是氮氧化物(NOx)和二氧化硫(SO2);不同车型污染物减排差异较大,其中小客车的CO、NOx和挥发性有机物(VOCs)减排明显,分别占所有车型相应污染物总减排量的36%、43%和23%;重型货车PM10、PM2.5和SO2的减排量大,分别占所有车型相应污染物总减排量的54.2%、54.4%和34.4%。国Ⅴ油替代国Ⅲ油的污染物减排规律基本一致,但减排效果更明显,其中NOx、VOCs、CO的减排增幅分别达到62.82%、65.61%和66.9%。淘汰黄标车后CO、NOx和VOCs总量减排效果最突出,分别为4.43×104、1.25×104和0.416×104 t。天然气作为替代燃料后,大型汽油客车NH3和SO2、VOCs、甲醛(HCHO)实现零排放,大型柴油客车的PM2.5减排达95%,小客车VOCs实现零排放。交通限行后燃油颗粒物、有机污染物、常规污染物减排效果在8.51%—20.41%,交通限行对货车污染物排放削减率总体高于客车类,载货汽车的NOx、CO和VOCs减排效果显著,分别占相应污染物削减量的73%、39%和53%。单一控制措施下,交通限行和淘汰黄标车对颗粒物和常规污染物NOx、SO2和CO减排效果明显,提高油品质量对CO、甲烷(CH4)和苯的减排超过20%以上对SO2减排最高达82.67%。针对减排的目标污染物不同,合理组合减排策略可提高整体减排效果。
中图分类号:
陶双成, 黄山倩, 高硕晗, 熊新竹, 郝艳召, 邓顺熙. 基于情景分析的关中城市群机动车污染物排放控制研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1573-1581.
TAO Shuangcheng, HUAGN Shanqian, GAO Shuohan, XIONG Xinzhu, HAO Yanzhao, DENG Shunxi. Study on the Control Strategy of Vehicle Emission Based on Scenario Analysis in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1573-1581.
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 4.01 | 4.31 | 2523.75 | 26683.94 | 0.00 | 592.81 | 612.74 | 74.11 | 4.17 | 2.88 | 2.97 | 0.37 | 32.01 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 1.29 | 1.33 | 97.70 | 674.59 | 0.00 | 34.73 | 32.94 | 1.69 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 1.73 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 9.53 | 9.79 | 387.74 | 2495.91 | 0.00 | 175.21 | 69.98 | 1.53 | 0.51 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 3.63 |
轻货 Light truck | 6.54 | 6.74 | 365.70 | 3050.95 | 0.00 | 180.26 | 94.08 | 9.14 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 4.99 |
中货 Medium truck | 19.79 | 20.34 | 898.52 | 6698.43 | 0.00 | 376.10 | 208.51 | 3.97 | 1.52 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.13 | 10.81 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 49.73 | 51.07 | 470.61 | 3272.97 | 0.00 | 762.60 | 87.39 | 3.51 | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 4.60 |
摩托车 Motorcycle | 0.52 | 0.56 | 1122.52 | 31590.09 | 0.00 | 94.94 | 1547.02 | 58.87 | 12.32 | 8.03 | 7.91 | 0.93 | 78.26 |
合计 Total | 91.41 | 94.14 | 5866.54 | 74466.88 | 0.00 | 2216.65 | 2652.65 | 152.82 | 19.92 | 13.27 | 13.25 | 1.59 | 136.03 |
表1 国Ⅳ燃油替代国Ⅲ燃油后污染物排放年削减总量
Table 1 Annual reduction of pollutants after China Ⅳ replaces China Ⅲ fuel t
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 4.01 | 4.31 | 2523.75 | 26683.94 | 0.00 | 592.81 | 612.74 | 74.11 | 4.17 | 2.88 | 2.97 | 0.37 | 32.01 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 1.29 | 1.33 | 97.70 | 674.59 | 0.00 | 34.73 | 32.94 | 1.69 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 1.73 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 9.53 | 9.79 | 387.74 | 2495.91 | 0.00 | 175.21 | 69.98 | 1.53 | 0.51 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 3.63 |
轻货 Light truck | 6.54 | 6.74 | 365.70 | 3050.95 | 0.00 | 180.26 | 94.08 | 9.14 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 4.99 |
中货 Medium truck | 19.79 | 20.34 | 898.52 | 6698.43 | 0.00 | 376.10 | 208.51 | 3.97 | 1.52 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.13 | 10.81 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 49.73 | 51.07 | 470.61 | 3272.97 | 0.00 | 762.60 | 87.39 | 3.51 | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 4.60 |
摩托车 Motorcycle | 0.52 | 0.56 | 1122.52 | 31590.09 | 0.00 | 94.94 | 1547.02 | 58.87 | 12.32 | 8.03 | 7.91 | 0.93 | 78.26 |
合计 Total | 91.41 | 94.14 | 5866.54 | 74466.88 | 0.00 | 2216.65 | 2652.65 | 152.82 | 19.92 | 13.27 | 13.25 | 1.59 | 136.03 |
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 5.87 | 6.29 | 3750.56 | 43915.49 | 0.00 | 833.50 | 1018.32 | 127.83 | 7.81 | 5.09 | 5.19 | 0.61 | 51.35 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 2.16 | 2.22 | 157.50 | 1108.63 | 0.00 | 53.73 | 48.57 | 2.81 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 2.50 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 16.13 | 16.57 | 701.39 | 4250.87 | 0.00 | 285.15 | 115.08 | 2.60 | 0.92 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.07 | 5.78 |
轻货 Light truck | 10.96 | 11.29 | 624.57 | 5287.45 | 0.00 | 278.19 | 150.19 | 16.09 | 1.05 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.09 | 7.72 |
中货 Medium truck | 33.48 | 34.40 | 1634.88 | 11205.62 | 0.00 | 609.06 | 341.77 | 6.41 | 2.74 | 1.78 | 1.74 | 0.21 | 17.16 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 84.45 | 86.72 | 860.63 | 5795.06 | 0.00 | 1279.62 | 150.32 | 6.25 | 1.20 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.09 | 7.60 |
摩托车 Motorcycle | 0.72 | 0.78 | 1678.93 | 50429.67 | 0.00 | 132.91 | 2502.20 | 98.23 | 21.48 | 13.51 | 13.28 | 1.50 | 123.17 |
合计 Total | 153.77 | 158.28 | 9408.47 | 121992.78 | 0.00 | 3472.16 | 4326.46 | 260.21 | 35.52 | 22.69 | 22.54 | 2.60 | 215.28 |
表2 国V燃油替代国Ⅲ燃油后污染物排放年削减总量
Table 2 Annual reduction of pollutants after China V replaces China Ⅲ fuel t
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 5.87 | 6.29 | 3750.56 | 43915.49 | 0.00 | 833.50 | 1018.32 | 127.83 | 7.81 | 5.09 | 5.19 | 0.61 | 51.35 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 2.16 | 2.22 | 157.50 | 1108.63 | 0.00 | 53.73 | 48.57 | 2.81 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 2.50 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 16.13 | 16.57 | 701.39 | 4250.87 | 0.00 | 285.15 | 115.08 | 2.60 | 0.92 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.07 | 5.78 |
轻货 Light truck | 10.96 | 11.29 | 624.57 | 5287.45 | 0.00 | 278.19 | 150.19 | 16.09 | 1.05 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.09 | 7.72 |
中货 Medium truck | 33.48 | 34.40 | 1634.88 | 11205.62 | 0.00 | 609.06 | 341.77 | 6.41 | 2.74 | 1.78 | 1.74 | 0.21 | 17.16 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 84.45 | 86.72 | 860.63 | 5795.06 | 0.00 | 1279.62 | 150.32 | 6.25 | 1.20 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.09 | 7.60 |
摩托车 Motorcycle | 0.72 | 0.78 | 1678.93 | 50429.67 | 0.00 | 132.91 | 2502.20 | 98.23 | 21.48 | 13.51 | 13.28 | 1.50 | 123.17 |
合计 Total | 153.77 | 158.28 | 9408.47 | 121992.78 | 0.00 | 3472.16 | 4326.46 | 260.21 | 35.52 | 22.69 | 22.54 | 2.60 | 215.28 |
车型Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 11.77 | 12.73 | 1522.96 | 10301.55 | 48.12 | 0.32 | 1489.63 | 15.57 | 7.86 | 4.76 | 3.97 | 0.47 | 38.67 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 31.58 | 32.67 | 638.87 | 3359.69 | 6.76 | 1.41 | 358.85 | 0.92 | 6.33 | 1.51 | 3.07 | 0.50 | 10.94 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 79.65 | 82.12 | 1264.83 | 7332.21 | 0.00 | 6.09 | 179.51 | — | 7.52 | 0.79 | 3.56 | 0.65 | 4.62 |
轻货 Light truck | 41.35 | 42.84 | 852.56 | 4566.03 | 6.99 | 2.90 | 474.67 | 0.52 | 8.16 | 2.01 | 3.98 | 0.64 | 14.53 |
中货 Medium truck | 408.08 | 419.70 | 4251.17 | 15254.83 | 0.00 | 34.55 | 778.75 | — | 30.03 | 3.47 | 14.43 | 2.62 | 20.55 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 388.22 | 399.88 | 3923.75 | 3484.65 | 0.00 | 42.25 | 881.23 | — | 54.81 | 2.88 | 26.13 | 4.95 | 10.27 |
合计Total | 960.64 | 989.95 | 12454.15 | 44298.96 | 61.86 | 87.52 | 4162.64 | — | 114.71 | 15.43 | 55.13 | 9.82 | 99.57 |
表3 淘汰黄标车后各排放污染物年削减量
Table 3 Annual reduction of pollutants after the elimination of yellow-label vehicles t
车型Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 11.77 | 12.73 | 1522.96 | 10301.55 | 48.12 | 0.32 | 1489.63 | 15.57 | 7.86 | 4.76 | 3.97 | 0.47 | 38.67 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 31.58 | 32.67 | 638.87 | 3359.69 | 6.76 | 1.41 | 358.85 | 0.92 | 6.33 | 1.51 | 3.07 | 0.50 | 10.94 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 79.65 | 82.12 | 1264.83 | 7332.21 | 0.00 | 6.09 | 179.51 | — | 7.52 | 0.79 | 3.56 | 0.65 | 4.62 |
轻货 Light truck | 41.35 | 42.84 | 852.56 | 4566.03 | 6.99 | 2.90 | 474.67 | 0.52 | 8.16 | 2.01 | 3.98 | 0.64 | 14.53 |
中货 Medium truck | 408.08 | 419.70 | 4251.17 | 15254.83 | 0.00 | 34.55 | 778.75 | — | 30.03 | 3.47 | 14.43 | 2.62 | 20.55 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 388.22 | 399.88 | 3923.75 | 3484.65 | 0.00 | 42.25 | 881.23 | — | 54.81 | 2.88 | 26.13 | 4.95 | 10.27 |
合计Total | 960.64 | 989.95 | 12454.15 | 44298.96 | 61.86 | 87.52 | 4162.64 | — | 114.71 | 15.43 | 55.13 | 9.82 | 99.57 |
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 68.85 | 185.55 | 1681.98 | 25443.17 | 85.21 | 173.86 | 1230.93 | 75.22 | 8.54 | 4.88 | 4.57 | 0.50 | 38.56 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 14.98 | 20.49 | 308.87 | 1315.99 | 3.57 | 10.70 | 114.75 | 2.97 | 2.63 | 0.45 | 1.23 | 0.20 | 3.14 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 86.86 | 114.26 | 1906.41 | 7407.25 | 5.06 | 50.66 | 297.64 | 7.71 | 7.73 | 1.08 | 3.61 | 0.60 | 7.37 |
轻货 Light truck | 48.62 | 81.40 | 1154.21 | 4552.81 | 13.12 | 56.81 | 326.02 | 17.04 | 8.19 | 1.27 | 3.79 | 0.63 | 8.83 |
中货 Medium truck | 207.30 | 267.73 | 3427.67 | 11370.84 | 9.95 | 124.86 | 761.43 | 10.41 | 17.80 | 2.79 | 8.40 | 1.39 | 19.39 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 314.07 | 452.85 | 6151.01 | 5879.33 | 20.30 | 291.32 | 757.14 | 30.61 | 44.27 | 2.45 | 19.81 | 3.56 | 11.74 |
合计 Total | 740.68 | 1122.28 | 14630.15 | 55969.38 | 137.22 | 708.21 | 3487.91 | 143.97 | 89.16 | 12.91 | 41.40 | 6.89 | 89.03 |
表4 交通限行后关中城市群各污染物排放削减量
Table4 Emission reduction of pollutants after traffic restriction t
车型 Vehicle models | PM2.5 | PM10 | NOx | CO | NH3 | SO2 | VOCs | CH4 | HCHO | C4H6 | C4H6O | C3H4O | C6H6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小客 Small passenger vehicle | 68.85 | 185.55 | 1681.98 | 25443.17 | 85.21 | 173.86 | 1230.93 | 75.22 | 8.54 | 4.88 | 4.57 | 0.50 | 38.56 |
中客 Medium passenger vehicle | 14.98 | 20.49 | 308.87 | 1315.99 | 3.57 | 10.70 | 114.75 | 2.97 | 2.63 | 0.45 | 1.23 | 0.20 | 3.14 |
大客 Large passenger vehicle | 86.86 | 114.26 | 1906.41 | 7407.25 | 5.06 | 50.66 | 297.64 | 7.71 | 7.73 | 1.08 | 3.61 | 0.60 | 7.37 |
轻货 Light truck | 48.62 | 81.40 | 1154.21 | 4552.81 | 13.12 | 56.81 | 326.02 | 17.04 | 8.19 | 1.27 | 3.79 | 0.63 | 8.83 |
中货 Medium truck | 207.30 | 267.73 | 3427.67 | 11370.84 | 9.95 | 124.86 | 761.43 | 10.41 | 17.80 | 2.79 | 8.40 | 1.39 | 19.39 |
重货 Heavy-duty truck | 314.07 | 452.85 | 6151.01 | 5879.33 | 20.30 | 291.32 | 757.14 | 30.61 | 44.27 | 2.45 | 19.81 | 3.56 | 11.74 |
合计 Total | 740.68 | 1122.28 | 14630.15 | 55969.38 | 137.22 | 708.21 | 3487.91 | 143.97 | 89.16 | 12.91 | 41.40 | 6.89 | 89.03 |
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