喀斯特不同地下生境剖面植物根系拓扑结构特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 865-874.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.002

喀斯特不同地下生境剖面植物根系拓扑结构特征

符裕红¹(), 张代杰², 项蛟¹, 周焱¹, 黄宗胜³^,^*(), 喻理飞⁴

1.贵州师范学院生物科学学院,贵阳贵州 550018
2.贵州省贵阳市花溪区水利局,贵阳贵州 550025
3.贵州大学建筑与城市规划学院,贵阳贵州 550025
4.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳贵州 550025

收稿日期:2021-05-16 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * 黄宗胜（1972年生）,男,教授,博士,主要从事景观生态方面的研究。E-mail: 527690165@qq.com
作者简介:符裕红（1982年生）,女,副教授,博士,主要从事生态恢复方面的研究。E-mail: 53813350@qq.com
基金资助:
贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合基础[2019]1251号);国家自然科学基金项目(31560187);国家自然科学基金项目(51868008);贵州省教育厅项目(教高厅函[2019]46号)

Topological Structure of Plant Roots of Different Underground Habitat Profiles in Karst Areas

FU Yuhong¹(), ZHANG Daijie², XIANG Jiao¹, ZHOU Yan¹, HUANG Zongsheng³^,^*(), YU Lifei⁴

1. Biological sciences college of Guizhou normal university, Guiyang 550018, P. R. China
2. Huaxi bureau of water resources in Guiyang of Guizhou, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
3. College of Architecture and Urban Planning of Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
4. College of life science of Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China

Received:2021-05-16 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喀斯特生境高度异质,根系分布复杂,为揭示喀斯特地下生境植物根系分布特征,明确地下生境剖面植物根系拓扑结构,探索喀斯特地区植物与生境的适应机制,为喀斯特石漠化区植物生长研究、树种选择和植被恢复技术提供依据和指导。以地下生境类型及其根系分布特征为主线,在贵州区域范围内开展野外剖面调查,涉及39个区域共152个剖面样点,创新性地结合AutoCAD软件技术分析不同剖面生境的基本特征、植物根系的分布特点、根系拓扑构型特征等,探讨不同生境特征与根系拓扑特征间的关系,分析不同地下生境类型植物根系拓扑结构特征的异同。结果表明,（1）喀斯特植物根系分布与地下生境特征存在相互影响,岩石破碎度指数、土层深度、裂缝宽度、根系分布宽度、岩石斑块数、根系分布长度是导致生境类型差异性的重要表现因素。（2）通过生境指标及植物根系拓扑参数分类,剖面生境可划分为：表层空间类型、单层空间类型,多层空间类型,且多层空间类型数量最多;结合岩石类型和植被类型细分,将表层空间类型细分为2类,单层空间类型细分为4类,多层空间类型细分为4类。（3）喀斯特地下空间类型影响植物根系分布,并受岩石裂隙控制,多层空间中表现更为明显,乔木树种根系分布更为突出。（4）不同生境类型植物根系分支相对复杂,次级分支相对较多,植物根系的分叉分级受制于生境结构,根系拓扑指数范围为0.54—0.77,叉状型分布占66.78%,鱼尾型分布占33.22%,叉状型分支更占优势,植物主要采取多方向分支扩展的觅食性策略适应特殊生境。

关键词: 喀斯特区, 地下生境, 植物根系, 拓扑结构, 适应性

Abstract:

Karst habitats are highly heterogeneous, with complex root distribution. In order to provide a basis and guidance for plant growth research, tree species selection, and vegetation restoration technology in Karst rocky desertification areas, this study plans to reveal the distribution characteristics and topological structure of plant roots in underground habitat, and explore the adaptation mechanism between plants and habitats in Karst areas. Based on the underground habitat types and root distribution characteristics, field profile survey was carried out, involving 152 profile samples of 39 regions in Guizhou province. The habitat characteristics, plant roots distribution, and root topological structure of different profile habitats were analyzed by AutoCAD innovatively; the relationship between different habitats characteristics and root topological structure was discussed; the similarities and differences of root topological structures of different underground habitats were analyzed. The results showed that (1) the plant root distribution of Karst areas and the underground habitat characteristics had mutual effects, and the rock fragmentation index, soil depth, crack width, root distribution width, number of rock patches, and root distribution length were the important factors leading to the differences among habitat types. (2) The profile habitats were divided into 3 major types according to the classification of the habitat indexes and the topological parameters of plant roots: the surface space type, the single-layer space type, and the multi-layer space type. Among them, the number of multi-layer space type was the highest. Coupled with the types of rock and vegetation, the surface space type can be divided into 2 types, single-layer space type can be divided into 4 types, and multi-layer space type can be divided into 4 types. (3) The distribution of plant roots was affected by the type of underground space, and controlled by rock fissures. The effect was more evident in multi-layer space, and the root distribution of tree species is more prominent. (4) The root branches of plants of different habitats were relatively complex, and there were more secondary branches. The bifurcation classification of plant roots was controlled by the habitat structure. The root topological index ranged from 0.54 to 0.77, where 66.78% were fork type, 33.22% were fish tail type, and the fork branch was more dominant. The foraging strategy of branching in multiple directions was adapted to the special habitats.

Key words: Karst areas, underground habitat, plant roots, topological structure, adaption

中图分类号:

S718.5
X173

符裕红, 张代杰, 项蛟, 周焱, 黄宗胜, 喻理飞. 喀斯特不同地下生境剖面植物根系拓扑结构特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 865-874.

FU Yuhong, ZHANG Daijie, XIANG Jiao, ZHOU Yan, HUANG Zongsheng, YU Lifei. Topological Structure of Plant Roots of Different Underground Habitat Profiles in Karst Areas[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 865-874.

图/表 11

图1 根系拓扑结构示意图（Fitter et al.,1991;苏樑等,2018）

Figure 1 Diagram of root topological structure (Fitter et al., 1991; Su et al., 2018)

图2 剖面生境指标与根系拓扑指标RDA排序图

Figure 2 RDA ranking diagram of habitat index and root topological index in profile

表1 生境指标与根系拓扑指标相关性

Table 1 Correlation between habitat indices and root topological indices

指标 Indices	G_r	a	P_e	V₀
l_r	0.210^**	0.237^**	0.172^*	0.259^**
b_r	0.244^**	0.210^**	0.289^**	0.403^**
d_r	0.071	0.052	0.067	0.133
S_r	-0.151	-0.179^*	-0.178^*	-0.158
h_s	-0.078	-0.021	-0.101	-0.112
b_c	-0.196^*	-0.077	-0.134	-0.150
S_s	0.023	0.007	0.102	0.074
n	0.112	0.066	0.08	0.097
F_i	0.131	0.140	0.165^*	0.140

表2 剖面根系指标主成分分析

Table 2 Principal component analysis of root index of profile

组件 Component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalues		提取载荷平方和 Extraction sums of squared loadings		旋转载荷平方和 Rotating sums of squared loadings
组件 Component	总计 Total	累积% % of variance	总计 Total	累积% % of variance	总计 Total	累积% % of variance
1	3.978	30.604	3.978	30.604	3.140	24.150
2	2.501	49.840	2.501	49.840	2.847	46.048
3	1.965	64.955	1.965	64.955	2.308	63.800
4	1.188	74.097	1.188	74.097	1.339	74.097

图3 调查样点PCA排序图（a）指标PCA排序图;（b）样点PCA排序图;（c）指标样点PCA排序图 1：表层空间类型（类型1）;2：单层空间类型（类型2）;3：多层空间类型（类型3）

Figure 3 PCA sequence diagram of survey sampling points (a) PCA sequence diagram of indicators; (b) PCA sequence diagram of sample points; (c) PCA sequence diagram of indicators and sample points 1: Surface space type (Type 1); 2: Single-layer space type (Type 2); 3: Multi-layer space type (Type 3)

图4 不同剖面类型根长度变化 1-1-1：表层空间白云岩灌木类型;1-1-2：表层空间白云岩乔木类型;2-1-1：单层空间白云岩灌木类型;2-1-2：单层空间白云岩乔木类型;2-2-1：单层空间石灰岩灌木类型;2-2-2：单层空间石灰岩乔木类型;3-1-1：多层空间白云岩灌木类型;3-1-2：多层空间白云岩乔木类型;3-2-1：多层空间石灰岩灌木类型;3-2-2：多层空间石灰岩乔木类型

Figure 4 Variation of root length in different profile types 1-1-1: Surface space type of shrub in dolomite; 1-1-2: Surface space type of trees in dolomite; 2-1-1: Single-layer space type of shrub in dolomite; 2-1-2: Single-layer space type of tree in dolomite; 2-2-1: Single-layer space type of shrub in limestone; 2-2-2: Single-layer space type of tree in limestone; 3-1-1: Multi-layer space type of shrub in dolomite; 3-1-2: Multi-layer space type of tree in dolomite; 3-2-1: Multi-layer space type of shrub in limestone; 3-2-2: Multi-layer space type of tree in limestone

图5 不同剖面类型根宽度变化

Figure 5 Variation of root width in different profile types

图6 不同剖面类型根直径变化

Figure 6 Variation of root diameter in different profile types

表3 不同剖面类型植物根系拓扑结构参数

Table 3 Root topological structure parameters of plants of different profile types

类型 Type	A	b	P_e	M	q_a	q_b	Ti
1-1-1	4.33±2.52a	1.88±0.36a	22.33±8.39c	11.67±2.08c	-0.07±0.31a	-1.04±0.30a	0.54±0.23a
1-1-2	7.00±3.06a	1.92±0.23a	41.14±28.14ac	21.29±14.44ac	0.10±0.16a	-0.80±0.48a	0.65±0.09a
2-1-1	7.56±4.59a	2.00±0.23a	29.33±22.72bc	15.00±12.00bc	0.35±0.55a	-1.33±0.91a	0.77±0.22a
2-1-2	4.36±2.84a	1.85±0.20a	16.64±13.92c	8.45±6.53c	0.34±0.60a	-4.19±4.59a	0.76±0.24a
2-2-1	6.60±3.85a	1.85±0.27a	30.60±10.41bc	17.00±6.67bc	0.09±0.32a	-0.78±0.35a	0.61±0.23a
2-2-2	4.67±1.94a	1.94±0.41a	17.56±10.25c	9.56±5.81c	0.23±0.61a	-1.96±4.34a	0.74±0.21a
3-1-1	7.00±4.50a	1.81±0.28a	32.70±21.86b	17.70±10.00b	0.01±0.55a	-1.80±3.34a	0.66±0.15a
3-1-2	6.83±3.33a	1.94±0.49a	29.79±21.06b	14.72±7.85bc	0.25±0.45a	-1.56±2.31a	0.72±0.18a
3-2-1	6.63±5.22a	2.02±0.43a	33.16±19.42b	17.84±11.53b	0.18±0.32a	-1.16±1.56a	0.66±0.20a
3-2-2	6.00±3.02a	1.83±0.26a	31.86±17.76b	17.54±9.79b	0.13±0.33a	-1.15±1.59a	0.64±0.18a

图7 不同剖面类型植物根系总体构型、近鱼尾型、近叉状型数量分布图

Figure 7 Distribution of root architecture, near-fishtail type and near-forklike type of plants in different profile types

图8 不同剖面类型植物根系构型占比

Figure 8 Ratio of root architecture of plants with different profile types

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喀斯特不同地下生境剖面植物根系拓扑结构特征

Topological Structure of Plant Roots of Different Underground Habitat Profiles in Karst Areas

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